Schematic representation of chlorophyll metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis. The dotted grey lines represent the individual four distinct pathways. The abbreviations of enzyme names and metabolites are as follows: 1) Common pathway; GluRS, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase; GluTR, glutamate-tRNA reductase; GSA, glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase; ALAD, 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; PBGD, porphobilinogen deaminase; UROS, uroporphyrinogen III synthase; UROD, uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase; CPO, coprophyrinogen III oxidase; Glu, glutamate; GSA, Glu 1-semialdehyde; ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid; PBG, monopyrrole porphobilinogen; HMB, hydrocymethylbilane; Urogen III, uroporphyrinogen III; Coprogen III, coprophyrinogen III; FC, ferrochelatase. 2) Chlorophyll specific biosynthetic pathway; PPO, protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase; CHLD/CHLH/CHLI, Mg-chelatase subunit D/H/I; GUN4, genomes uncoupled 4; CHLM, Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase; CHL27/LCAA, low chlorophyll accumulation A, Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase subunit; Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase; POR, NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase; DVR, 3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide reductase; CHLP, geranylgeranyl reductase; CHLG, chlorophyll synthase; Protogen IX, protoporphyrinogen IX; Proto IX, protoporphyrin IX; Mg-Proto IX, Mg-protoporphyrin IX; Mg-ProtoME, Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester; DV-Pchlide, protochlorophyllide; DV-Chlide, 3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide; MV Chlide a, 3-vinyl chlide a; GGPP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; Phytyl-PP, phytyl pyrophosphate. 3) Chlorophyll cycle pathway; Chl(ide) a, chlorophyll(ide) a; HMChl (ide) a, 7-hydrocymethyl chlorophyll(ide) a; Chl(ide) b, chlorophyll (ide) b; HMChl a, 7-hydrocymethyl chlorophyll a. 4) Chlorophyll degradation pathway; RCC, red chlorophyll catabolite; pFCC, primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites; mFCC, modified primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites; NCC, nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolite.

Korean J. Breed. Sci. 2020;52:281-96 https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.4.281

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