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List of loci or genes that induce in-vivo haploids in maize.
| Name | Allele | Gene action | Location | Function/characteristic | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MATRILINEAL (MTL) NOT LIKE DAD (NLD) Patatin-Like Phospholipase A (ZmPLA1) |
mtl nld zmpla1 qhir1 |
Recessive | Gene GRMZM2G471240 (67.86-68.42 Mb) |
- Sperm-specific phospholipase. - Trigger maize haploid induction, mutant increase HIR to 2%. - Note that three independent researches found the same gene and allele. |
Kelliher et al. 2017 Gilles et al. 2017 Liu et al. 2017 |
| ZMDMP | zmdmp qhir8 |
Recessive | Chromosome 9 bin 9.01 GRMZM2G465053 |
- DUF679 domain membrane protein. - Mutant increase HIR |
Liu et al. 2015 Zhong et al. 2019 |
| Centromere histone H3 (CENH3) | cenh3 | Hetero-zygous | Chromosome 6 | - Crossing +/cenh3 to wildtype induces haploids in both direction | Wang et al. 2021 |
| Zea mays PHOSPHOLOPASE D3 (ZmPLD3) | zmpld3 | recessive | Chromosome 6 | - Phospholipase expressed specifically in pollen | Li et al. 2021 |
| ZmPOD65 | zmPOD65 | Hetero-zygous | Chromosome 5 | - Perisase 65 controls ROS burst causing sperm DNA breakage. | Jiang et al. 2022 |
| Zm00001d029559 KOKOPELLI |
Not yet named | Not yet clarified | Chromosome 10 141.7 Mb |
- Maize cyclin dependent kinase 1 - KOKOPELLI controls cis-antisense siRNA causing HIR in Arabidopsis. |
Trentin et al. 2023a |
zHIR : Haploid Induction Rate.