Characteristics, causal pathogens, and environmental conditions of major wheat diseases.
Disease | Causative agent / Virus | Damage characteristics | Condition for occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Fusarium Head Blight | tde heads and grains turn red, resulting in yield reduction and tde production of trichotdecenes toxin. | High temperature and humidity conditions. | |
Leaf Rust | Orange spores appear on tde leaves. tde disease spreads to grains, reducing grain weight and tde number, leading to a decrease in yield. | Low temperatures of 15-20°C and high humidity conditions. especially during tde grain-filling stage in May and tde harvest season in June. | |
Stem Rust | Orange spores form on the stems, leading to reduced grain size and lodging, which results in yield loss. | High temperature and humidity conditions. | |
Stripe Rust (or Yellow Rust) |
Orange spores appear in stripe patterns on the leaves, reducing the size and number of grains, which results in yield loss. | Low temperatures of 4-7°C and high humidity conditions. | |
Powdery mildrew | White powdery lesions appear on the leaves and stems which results in yield loss. | High temperature and humidity conditions. excessive nitrogen fertilization. occurs especially during the rainy months of April and May, with symptoms worsening throughout the harvest season. |