In recent years, new plant breeding technologies (NPBT) have had enormous effects on breeding and the agricultural industry. In particular, genome editing technology, including site-directed nuclease technologies, has progressed dramatically since the first-generation Zinc finger nucleases to the third-generation clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). CRISPR/Cas9 technology has yielded a revolutionary breakthrough in the accurate, efficient, and user-friendly genome editing of eukaryotes. Several methods for basic research and applications, such as knock-out, base editing, gene targeting, and transcriptional activation or repression have been derived from CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Herein, we will describe the current progress in NPBTs and also summarize the crops developed by NPBTs. After analyzing the current status of NPBTs and crop development, we have proposed potential strategies for crop development using NPBTs.
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Recently, several attempts have been undertaken to develop breeding technologies by combining new biotechnologies. Gene-editing technology is currently one of the most interesting areas. The plant breeding methods using this technique have the advantage of greatly improved accuracy and efficiency of the plant genetic correction compared with conventional breeding methods, which has raised expectations for the useful application of this technology as a cutting-edge breeding technology. Although not all countries around the world currently have established appropriate regulation policies on crops developed with gene-editing technology, the number of cases in which GMO regulations are not applied on a case-by-case basis according to the scientific background is growing. However, Korea has not yet established policies on which criteria should be applied to crops generated from the application of gene-editing technology. As the number of cases of crop development and commercialization using gene-editing technology is expected to increase in the near future, it will be necessary to prepare reasonable policies to support developers and seed industries in Korea to ensure harmonization with international regulatory policy trends.
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In this study, genetic analysis was conducted on the inheritance of qualitative traits, such as leaf color, flower color, seed size, and seed hardness, in the F2 population derived from the cross between var.
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It is reported that the absence of lipoxygenase-3 (LOX-3) may contribute to a reduction in stale flavor after the storage of rice. To improve the quality of stored rice of the Korean
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A cowpea cultivar
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‘Aram’ is a soybean cultivar developed for soy-sprout. It was developed from the crossing of ‘Bosug’ (
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‘Haepum’ is a bacterial blight-resistant, medium maturing rice cultivar with high grain quality. It was derived from a cross between ‘Iksan493’ (cultivar name ‘Jinbaek’) and the F1 cross between ‘Iksan495’ (‘Dacheong’) and ‘Iksan496’ (‘Jungmo1005’). Of these three cultivars, ‘Jinbaek’ is a bacterial blight-resistant mid-late maturing rice cultivar with high grain quality, ‘Dacheong’ is a mid-late maturing rice cultivar with multiple resistance to disease and insects, and ‘Jungmo1005’ is a mid-late maturing rice cultivar with lodging tolerance. To develop fixed lines, the anther culture method was applied to F1 plants. The cultivar ‘Haepum’ was selected using the pedigree method, yield trials, and local adaptability tests. The heading date of ‘Haepum’ was August 11th, three days earlier than that of ‘Nampyeong’ cultivar. Haepum’ is a cultivar tolerant to lodging and it has short culms. Due to its low rate of viviparous germination, ‘Haepum’ could be useful for preventing pre-harvest sprouting in cultivation of medium maturing rice in the southern plain area of Korea. ‘Haepum’ carries two bacterial blight resistance genes (
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‘Bodrami’ is a brown rice cultivar suitable for cooking, developed by crossing ‘Hwaseong’ and ‘Congsengla’ cultivars at Rural Development Administration, Korea, in 2003. Cooked brown rice of ‘Bodrami’ naturally has a soft texture, and after 24 hours of warm treatment, it maintained its soft texture and it was evaluated that the taste and texture of cooked brown rice were better than that of another rice cultivar. ‘Bodrami’ is a mid-maturing rice cultivar. The average heading date in ordinary planting was August 11th in Suwon, Korea, which also exhibits strong to blast leaf and rice stripe virus, and brown rice yield of ‘Bodrami’ had a yield of 5.56 MT/ha in ordinary planting. The advantages of eating brown rice are high intake of GABA (which is excellent for controlling blood),
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‘Chamdream’ is a medium-late maturing, high-quality rice cultivar developed in 2014 by the crop breeding team of Crop Research Division, GARES, Hwaseong, Korea, in cooperation with the rice breeding team of the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea. ‘Chamdream’ was first developed in 2004 from a backcross between the F1 hybrid ‘Samgwang/Jojeongdo’ and ‘Samgwang’ cultivar. The heading date of this cultivar is August 17th in Gyeonggido Province. Its culm length is 79 cm and it has 15 panicles per hill and 115 spikelets per panicle. It is a medium-grain brown rice cultivar with a weight of 22.9 g per 1,000 grains. Its cold tolerance is lower than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’ and its degree of lodging tolerance is similar to that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. This cultivar is resistant to bacterial leaf blight and stripe virus diseases and moderately resistant to rice blast diseases, but it is susceptible to other virus diseases and pests. The appearance of milled ‘Chamdream’ rice is clear and its protein content is 5.4%, which is lower than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. The palatability of cooked ‘Chamdream’ rice is better than that of ‘Chucheongbyeo’ which is mainly cultivated in Gyeonggido. Its milling ratio is 76.8% which is higher than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. The yield of milled ‘Chamdream’ rice was 5.9 MT/ha in the local adaptability tests in standard cultivation in four regions from 2012 to 2014. ‘Chamdream’ is highly adaptable to the environmental conditions of Gyeonggido Province, especially to the southern region of Han River. (Registration No. 6065)
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Oriental
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‘Sinjinbaek’ is a bacterial blight (BB)-resistant, mid-late maturing rice cultivar with high grain quality. To diversify the resistance genes and enhance the resistance of Korean rice cultivars against BB, ‘Sinjinbaek’ was developed from a cross between ‘Iksan493’ (cultivar name ‘Jinbaek’) and the F1 cross between ‘Hopum’ and ‘HR24670-9-2-1’ (‘HR24670’). ‘Jinbaek’ is a BB-resistant cultivar with two BB resistance genes,
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As a result of the efforts to breed a high yield naked barley cultivar with disease and stress tolerance in response to climate change and proper double cropping of barley and rice in a paddy field. A new naked barley cultivar named ‘Hogang’ was developed from the cross between ‘Suyoung’ and ‘Geukjosuk 55’ at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea, in 2016. ‘Hogang’ is a naked barley cultivar used for powdering and mixing with rice. It has good cooking quality, high whiteness, water absorption rate, and expansion rate. Among other quality characteristics,
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