This study used perilla seeds produced in 2019, 2020, and 2021 to determine the year of production using multivariate statistical analysis of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectral data of perilla leaves. Spectral analysis based on multivariate statistical analysis of whole-cell extracts was used to distinguish the perilla leaves at the metabolic level. FT-IR spectral data of the leaves were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The FTIR spectrum identified spectral differences between the frequency regions of 1,700 to 1,500, 1,500 to 1,300, and 1,100 to 950 cm-1. This spectral region reflects quantitative and qualitative changes in amides I, II in amino acids and proteins (1,700–1,500 cm-1), phosphodiester groups from nucleic acids and phospholipids (1,500–1,300 cm-1), and carbohydrate compounds (1,100–950 cm-1). PCA revealed separate clusters corresponding to production traceability relationships. Therefore, PCA can be used to distinguish between production in 2019, 2020, and 2021 based on different metabolite contents. PLS-DA showed a similar production traceability classification for the perilla seeds. In addition, this metabolic identification system can be used to rapidly select and classify useful perilla seed varieties.
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