1 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원
1 National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Iksan, 570-080, Korea
2 농촌진흥청
2 Rural Development Bureau, RDA, Suwon, 441-707, Korea
3 전남농업기술원
3 Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jangsung, 515-804, Korea
4 경북농업기술원
4 Gyeongsangbukdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Daegu, 702-708, Korea
5 (사)한국맥류산업발전연구원
5 Korean Wheat & Barley Industry Development Institute, Suwon, 441-857, Korea
6 전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 작물생명과학과
6 Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
© 2014 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
| Variety | Vernalization | Leaf | Stem | Spike | Awn | Kernel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| Color | Width | Angle | Length | Color | Thick | Color | Shape | Color | Length | Size | Color | ||
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| Joongmo2003 | III | Gz | My | M | M | LYx | M | LYw | Rod | LY | M | M | Ww |
| Keumkang | III | G | M | M | M | LY | M | LY | Rod | LY | M | M | W |
| Field condition | Location | Heading date (Mon. Day) | Maturity date (Mon. Day) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Joongmo2004 | Keumkang | Joongmo2004 | Keumkang | ||
|
|
|||||
| Upland | Suwon | 5.4 | 5.3 | 6.10 | 6.9 |
| Daegu | 4.18 | 4.18 | 5.31 | 6.1 | |
|
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|||||
| Mean | 4.26az | 4.26a | 6.5a | 6.5a | |
|
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|||||
| Paddy | Iksan | 4.23 | 4.23 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| Naju | 4.23 | 4.23 | 6.5 | 6.4 | |
|
|
|||||
| Mean | 4.23b | 4.23b | 6.4a | 6.4b | |
| Variety | Culm length (cm) | Spike length (cm) | Number of spike/m2 | Number of grains/spike | Test weight (g) | 1,000 grain weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Joongmo2003 | 85az | 8.0a | 830b | 35a | 806a | 44.9b |
| Keumkang | 83b | 7.9a | 888a | 31b | 814b | 46.2a |
| Variety | Winter hardiness | Disease resistance (S, M, R)z | Sprout resistance | Loading (0~9) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||
| Withered plant (%) | Scab | Powdery mildew | Pre-harvest sprouting (%) | Suwon | Iksan | Daegu | Naju | |
|
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||||||||
| Joongmo2003 | 24.5ay | M | S | 18.5b | 5a | 3a | 3a | 0a |
| Keumkang | 9.2a | S | S | 25.8a | 2b | 2a | 1b | 0a |
| Variety | Flour yield (%) | Ash (%) | Protein (%) | SDSSz (ml) | Gluten (%) |
Color of floury |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | a | b | ||||||
|
|
||||||||
| Joongmo2004 | 75.5ax | 0.42a | 12.3b | 43.0b | 10.3a | 89.97a | -1.38a | 10.76a |
| keumkang | 72.6b | 0.42a | 13.1a | 57.8a | 10.8a | 89.61b | -1.15a | 9.46b |
| Variety |
Mixograph |
Amylose (%) |
Pasting properties (BU) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water absorption (%) | Mixing time (min) | Mixing tolerance (mm) | Peak viscosity | Breakdown | ||
|
|
||||||
| Joongmo2004 | 59.7az | 3.7b | 15.8b | 24.9a | 120.0a | 60.0b |
| Keumkang | 60.3a | 3.8a | 19.2a | 25.0a | 117.5a | 10.3a |
| Variety | HMW-GSz | GBSSy | Puroindolines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||
| Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-D1 | Wx-A1 | Wx-B1 | Wx-D1 | Pina-D1 | Pinb-D1 | |
|
|
||||||||
| Joongmo2004 | N | 7+8 | 5+10 | ax | a | a | a | bw |
| Keumkang | 2* | 7+8 | 5+10 | a | a | a | a | b |
| Varieties | Color of noodle dough sheetz | Texture properties of cooked noodles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| L | a | b | Hardness (N) | Springiness (Ratio) | Cohesiveness (Ratio) | |
|
|
||||||
| Joongmo2004 | 80.41ay | -1.07a | 20.03a | 3.50b | 0.92b | 0.65a |
| Keumkang | 80.28a | -1.05b | 18.04a | 4.54a | 0.93a | 0.63b |
| Field condition | Location | Joongmo2004 (kg/10a) | Keumkang (kg/10a) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | Mean | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | Mean | ||
|
|
|||||||||
| Upland | Suwon | 537 | 311 | 621 | 490 | 665 | 531 | 716 | 637 |
| Daegu | 652 | 618 | 361 | 544 | 610 | 576 | 376 | 521 | |
|
|
|||||||||
| Mean | 595az | 465b | 491a | 517b | 638a | 554b | 546a | 579a | |
|
|
|||||||||
| Paddy | Iksan | 586 | 620 | 515 | 574 | 513 | 627 | 555 | 565 |
| Naju | 445 | 579 | 461 | 495 | 400 | 605 | 420 | 475 | |
|
|
|||||||||
| Mean | 516b | 600a | 488b | 534a | 457b | 616a | 487b | 520b | |
Growth habit and morphological characteristics of ‘Joongmo2004’.
| Variety | Vernalization | Leaf | Stem | Spike | Awn | Kernel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Color | Width | Angle | Length | Color | Thick | Color | Shape | Color | Length | Size | Color | ||
| Joongmo2003 | III | G |
M |
M | M | LY |
M | LY |
Rod | LY | M | M | W |
| Keumkang | III | G | M | M | M | LY | M | LY | Rod | LY | M | M | W |
G: green
M: middle
LY: light yellow
W: white
Heading and maturity date of ‘Joongmo2004’ in the regional yield trials.
| Field condition | Location | Heading date (Mon. Day) | Maturity date (Mon. Day) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joongmo2004 | Keumkang | Joongmo2004 | Keumkang | ||
| Upland | Suwon | 5.4 | 5.3 | 6.10 | 6.9 |
| Daegu | 4.18 | 4.18 | 5.31 | 6.1 | |
| Mean | 4.26a |
4.26a | 6.5a | 6.5a | |
| Paddy | Iksan | 4.23 | 4.23 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| Naju | 4.23 | 4.23 | 6.5 | 6.4 | |
| Mean | 4.23b | 4.23b | 6.4a | 6.4b | |
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Joongmo2004’ in the regional yield trials.
| Variety | Culm length (cm) | Spike length (cm) | Number of spike/m2 | Number of grains/spike | Test weight (g) | 1,000 grain weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joongmo2003 | 85a |
8.0a | 830b | 35a | 806a | 44.9b |
| Keumkang | 83b | 7.9a | 888a | 31b | 814b | 46.2a |
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Tolerance assessment of ‘Joongmo2004’ to environmental stress in the regional yield trials.
| Variety | Winter hardiness | Disease resistance (S, M, R) |
Sprout resistance | Loading (0~9) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Withered plant (%) | Scab | Powdery mildew | Pre-harvest sprouting (%) | Suwon | Iksan | Daegu | Naju | |
| Joongmo2003 | 24.5a |
M | S | 18.5b | 5a | 3a | 3a | 0a |
| Keumkang | 9.2a | S | S | 25.8a | 2b | 2a | 1b | 0a |
S: susceptible, M: moderate, R: resistant
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Flour yield and characteristics of ‘Joongmo2003’ in the regional yield trials.
| Variety | Flour yield (%) | Ash (%) | Protein (%) | SDSSz (ml) | Gluten (%) | Color of floury |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | a | b | ||||||
| Joongmo2004 | 75.5a |
0.42a | 12.3b | 43.0b | 10.3a | 89.97a | -1.38a | 10.76a |
| keumkang | 72.6b | 0.42a | 13.1a | 57.8a | 10.8a | 89.61b | -1.15a | 9.46b |
SDSS: SDS-sedimentation volume
L: lightness, a: redness (+) greeness (-), b: yellowness(+) blueness(-)
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Rheological properties of dough and pasting properties of ‘Joongmo2004’ in the regional yield trials.
| Variety | Mixograph |
Amylose (%) | Pasting properties (BU) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water absorption (%) | Mixing time (min) | Mixing tolerance (mm) | Peak viscosity | Breakdown | ||
| Joongmo2004 | 59.7a |
3.7b | 15.8b | 24.9a | 120.0a | 60.0b |
| Keumkang | 60.3a | 3.8a | 19.2a | 25.0a | 117.5a | 10.3a |
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Subunits of HMW-GS, GBSS and puroindolines of ‘Joongmo2004’.
| Variety | HMW-GS |
GBSS |
Puroindolines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-D1 | Wx-A1 | Wx-B1 | Wx-D1 | Pina-D1 | Pinb-D1 | |
| Joongmo2004 | N | 7+8 | 5+10 | a |
a | a | a | b |
| Keumkang | 2* | 7+8 | 5+10 | a | a | a | a | b |
HMW-GS: high molecular weight glutenin subunit
GBSS: granule bound starch synthase
a: wild type
b: mutant
Noodle dough properties and texture of cooked noodles prepared from ‘Joongmo2004’ in the regional yield trials.
| Varieties | Color of noodle dough sheet |
Texture properties of cooked noodles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | a | b | Hardness (N) | Springiness (Ratio) | Cohesiveness (Ratio) | |
| Joongmo2004 | 80.41a |
-1.07a | 20.03a | 3.50b | 0.92b | 0.65a |
| Keumkang | 80.28a | -1.05b | 18.04a | 4.54a | 0.93a | 0.63b |
L: lightness, a: redness (+) greeness (-), b: yellowness(+) blueness(-)
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Yield of ‘Joongmo2004’ in the regional yield trial.
| Field condition | Location | Joongmo2004 (kg/10a) | Keumkang (kg/10a) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | Mean | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | Mean | ||
| Upland | Suwon | 537 | 311 | 621 | 490 | 665 | 531 | 716 | 637 |
| Daegu | 652 | 618 | 361 | 544 | 610 | 576 | 376 | 521 | |
| Mean | 595a |
465b | 491a | 517b | 638a | 554b | 546a | 579a | |
| Paddy | Iksan | 586 | 620 | 515 | 574 | 513 | 627 | 555 | 565 |
| Naju | 445 | 579 | 461 | 495 | 400 | 605 | 420 | 475 | |
| Mean | 516b | 600a | 488b | 534a | 457b | 616a | 487b | 520b | |
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
G: green
M: middle
LY: light yellow
W: white
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
S: susceptible, M: moderate, R: resistant
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
SDSS: SDS-sedimentation volume
L: lightness, a: redness (+) greeness (-), b: yellowness(+) blueness(-)
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
HMW-GS: high molecular weight glutenin subunit
GBSS: granule bound starch synthase
a: wild type
b: mutant
L: lightness, a: redness (+) greeness (-), b: yellowness(+) blueness(-)
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test