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녹비용 헤어리베치 품종 ‘청풍보라’

A New Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Variety, ‘Cheongpoogbora’ for Green Manure

Ja-Hwan Ku*, Min-Tae Kim, Weon-Tai Jeon, Ki-Yeong Seong, Hyeoun-Suk Cho, Chung-Guk Kim, Ui-Gum Kang, Young-Up Kwon, Im-Soo Choi, In-Seok Oh, Tae-Su Kim
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2014;46(3):318-322.
Published online: August 31, 2014

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: jhku@korea.kr, Tel: +82-31-290-6743, Fax: +82-31-290-6742)
• Received: June 10, 2014   • Revised: August 3, 2014   • Accepted: August 7, 2014

© 2014 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘Cheongpoongbora’, a winter hairy vetch variety (Vicia villosa Roth) for green manure use, was developed from the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2009. Among the genetic resourced collected in Daegu, early flowering, strongly resistant to cold, and high yield in green manure, was selected by pedigree selection method. Over the two years from 2008 to 2009, regional yield trial test was conducted with the line in four regions: Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok. As a result, in December 2009, it was named ‘Cheongpoongbora’ as a new variety. ‘Cheongpoongbora’ features medium green color leaves, medium density hair, and black seed coat. Flowering season for the variety was on April 29 on average across the nation, 11 days earlier than the check variety ‘Welta’. Also, it was more resistant to cold than ‘Welta’. The dry matter yield was average 5.20 tons per ha, 5.9% higher than ‘Welta’ (4.92 tons), the nitrogen yield was average 166 kg per ha, 6.4% higher than ‘Welta’ (156 kg). ‘Cheongpoongbora’ can be cultivated in any national regions which have the daily minimum mean temperature of over -15°C in January.
헤어리베치는 유럽과 아시아가 원산지인 콩과 Vicia 속 월 년생 식물로써 일명 winter vetch, Siberian vetch 등으로 불 릴 정도로 내한성이 강하고, 줄기가 덩굴성으로써 토양 피복 능력이 좋아 과수원이나 농경지 피복용으로 재배하거나 방목 지의 목초로 이용되고 있다(Power & Zachariassen 1993, SAREP 2014). 우리나라에는 1920년대에 도입되어 녹비작 물로 재배되다가 1960년대 이후 화학비료가 공급되면서 재배 되지 않았다(Lee 1983). 그러나 친환경농업 확산과 녹비작물 종자대 지원 정부정책사업이 추진되면서 1998년부터 다시 재 배가 시작되어 2010년도에는 재배면적이 4만6천ha에 이르렀 고 종자 수입량이 2,320 ton에 달하였다. 헤어리베치 국내 재 배 유형은 답리작 동계 재배가 주를 이루고 있다. 헤어리베치 재배에 의한 녹비 투입으로 벼, 옥수수 등의 여름작물에 필요 한 질소공급이 가능하며(Seo et al. 2000, Lee et al. 2002, Seo & Lee 2008), 잡초억제 및 토양 침식 경감 효과가 크고 (Choung et al. 2007, Seo et al. 2005), 내수성 토양 입단화 촉진으로 토양개량 효과가 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다(Jeon et al. 2010).
헤어리베치 품종 육성은 미국과 호주에서 자국의 초지 재 배에 적합한 형질 개량을 목표로 이루어져 왔다(Matic & Karagic 2010, SAREP 2014). 따라서 우리나라 답리작 재배 환경에 적합하지 않은 품종이 수입되어 내한성이 약하거나 봄철 생육이 지체되어 녹비생산성이 불안정한 실정이다. 이러 한 시점에서 국립식량과학원에서는 내한성이 강하고 중, 북부 지역에서도 안전한 월동이 가능하면서 봄철 녹비수량이 많아 답리작 녹비 재배에 유리한 특성을 지닌 헤어리베치 품종 개 발 요구에 부응하기 위하여 연구를 실시하였다. 그 연구결과 녹비용 헤어리베치 ‘청풍보라’(RDA 2009)를 개발하였고 육 성과정과 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
답리작 재배에 적합한 내한성, 조생 품종을 육성하기 위하 여 국내외에서 수집한 72계통의 헤어리베치 유전자원을 국립 식량과학원 시험포장(경기 수원)에 휴폭 100 cm, 주간 15 cm 간격으로 1주 1본으로 2002년 10월 초에 파종하여 녹비 수량 과 관련된 특성을 2003년도에 평가하였다. 월동율이 95%이 고 개화기가 5월 15일인 유전자원(Daegu2) 집단에서 5월 3 일에 개화하는 조기 개화 변이 개체를 선발하여 2004년부터 2006년에 걸쳐 4개 계통씩 형매교배로 세대를 진전시키면서 월동률이 90% 이상이고 개화가 가장 빠른 계통을 선발하여 모집단인 Daegu2에 비해서 개화기가 10일 빠르며 월동율이 90% 이상인 유망 계통 Daegu2-1-4-2-3을 육성하였다. ‘청풍 보라’의 특성 조사는 2008년과 2009년에 걸쳐 실시하였고 특 성 비교를 위해 품종육성 당시에 가장 많이 수입되고 있었던 ‘Welta’를 대조품종으로 사용하였다. 지역적응시험은 답리작 으로 하였으며, 파종 시기는 수원이 10월 2일, 익산과 영덕이 10월 13일, 밀양이 10월 8일이었고, 시험구당 면적은 25 m2 이고 시험구 배치는 난괴법 3반복으로 하였다. 파종량은 25 × 10 cm로 주당 3립씩 점파하였으며 비료는 시용하지 않았 다(RDA 2008, 2009). 녹비 생초수량은 해당 시험지역의 벼 이앙기 2주 전 무렵에 전체구를 예취하여 ha당 수량으로 환 산하였으며, 건물수량은 생초수량을 평량하고 난 후 2 kg을 취하여 70°C에서 72시간 열풍 건조 후 건물률을 산출한 다음 생초수량을 곱하여 ha당 수량으로 환산하였고, 건조된 시료 는 30메쉬로 분쇄하여 성분 분석용으로 이용하였다. 기타 생 육특성 조사는 농촌진흥청 신품종개발 공동연구사업 과제수 행 계획서 조사 기준에 준하여 실시하였다(RDA 2008, 2009).
육성경위
‘청풍보라’는 내한성이 강한 특성을 보유한 중생종 유전자 원(Daegu2) 집단에서 5월 3일에 개화하는 조생 변이 개체를 선발하여 2004년부터 2006년까지 Sb1~Sb3 세대를 양성하 고 Sb4 세대에서 내한성 조생 계통으로 선발 육성한 품종이 다. 2006년부터 2007년까지 2개년에 걸쳐 생산력 검정을 실 시한 결과 개화기가 빠르고 녹비생산성이 우수한 계통으로 판명되어 ‘베치1호’로 계통명을 부여한 후 2008년부터 2009 년까지 2년간 수원, 밀양, 익산, 영덕 등 4개 지역에서 지역적 응시험을 실시한 결과 내한성이 강하고 조생 특성을 보유하 며 녹비생산성이 우수한 계통으로 인정되어 2009년 12월 농 촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성신품종 선정심의회에서 ‘청풍보라’ 로 명명하였다(Fig. 1 and 2).
Fig. 1.
The field photo of Cheongpoongbora (left) and Welta (right) at the Suwon in May 6, 2009.
KJBS-46-318_F1.gif
Fig. 2.
Pedigree diagram of ‘Cheongpoongbora’.
KJBS-46-318_F2.gif
질적 형질
‘청풍보라’가 지니고 있는 고유 특성은 개화기에 엽형이 타 원형이며, 엽색은 중간 정도의 녹색이고 줄기 모용 밀도가 중 간 정도이다, 종자는 흑색 종피를 가지며 구형이다(Table 1). 대조 품종인 ‘웰타’와 구별되는 특징은 청풍보라의 줄기 모용 밀도가 ‘웰타’보다 적고, 개화기 무렵의 엽녹색이 ‘웰타’보다 연하다.
Table 1.
Morphological characteristics of ‘Cheongpoongbora’.
Table 1.
Variety Leaflet shape Leaf color Stem hair density Flower color Seed coat color Seed shape
Cheongpoongbora Oblong Medium green Medium Blue-violet Black Spherical
Welta Oblong Dark green High Blue-violet Black Spherical
월동률, 개화기
‘청풍보라’의 전국 평균 월동률은 94.1%로써 대조품종인 ‘웰타’의 89.2%보다 4.9%포인트 높아 내한성이 우수한 특성 을 보였다(Table 2). 연차 별 평균 월동률에서 2008년도 평균 월동률이 2009년의 평균 월동률보다 낮게 나타났다. 이는 2008년의 겨울이 2009년 겨울보다 기온이 더 낮았기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 월동 기간인 1월~2월의 평균기온이 2008 년의 경우 2009년보다 0.9°C 낮았다. ‘청풍보라’의 2008년도 월동률은 85.2%로써 ‘웰타’의 75%보다 10.2%포인트 높게 나타나 ‘청풍보라’가 ‘웰타’보다 내한성이 강한 특성을 보였다.
Table 2.
Overwintering rate of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.
Table 2.
Regions Seeding date Cheongpoogbora (%)
 Welta (%)
2008 2009 Mean 2008 2009 Mean
Suwon Oct. 2 100 95.5 97.8 92.1 96.0 94.1
Iksan Oct. 13 83.9 93.2 88.6 73.3 94.9 84.1
Milyang Oct. 8 100 100 100 100 100 100
Yeongdeok Oct. 13 85.2 94.8 90.0 75.0 82.1 78.6
Mean - 92.3 95.9 94.1 85.1 93.3 89.2
‘청풍보라’의 전국 평균 개화기는 4월 29일로써 만생종인 ‘웰타’의 5월 10일보다 11일 빠른 개화특성을 나타냈다 (Table 3). 지역 별로 개화기를 살펴볼 때 수원에서는 ‘청풍보 라’가 5월 6일에 개화하여 ‘웰타’보다 9일이 빨랐으며, 익산 에서는 5월 10일에 개화하여 6일이 빨랐고, 밀양과 영덕은 4 월 20일에 개화하여 ‘웰타’보다 밀양에서 19일, 영덕에서 11 일 빨리 개화하였다. 수원보다 겨울철 기온이 높은 밀양과 영 덕에서 ‘청풍보라’의 개화기가 ‘웰타’보다 더욱 앞당겨지는 특성을 보였다.
Table 3.
Flowering season of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.
Table 3.
Regions Seeding date Cheongpoogbora (%)
 Welta
2008 2009 Mean 2008 2009 Mean
Suwon Oct. 2 May 7 May 6 May 6 May 20 May 11 May 15
Iksan Oct. 13 May 5 May 12 May 10 May 13 May 20 May 16
Milyang Oct. 8 April 23 April 17 April 20 May 10 May 8 May 9
Yeongdeok Oct. 13 April 27 April 14 April 20 May 13 April 19 May 1
Mean - May 1 April 27 April 29z May 14 May 7 May 10y

z,yThe days calculated from January 1 to flowering date is significantly different between ‘Cheongpoongbora’ and ‘Welta’ by t-test

건물중 및 질소 수량
수원, 익산, 밀양, 영덕 등 4개 시험지에서 2년간(‘08~’09) 조사한 평균 건물중 수량은 ‘청풍보라’가 5.2 ton/ha의 건물 중을 생산하여 대조품종인 ‘웰타’보다 5.7% 많았다(Table 4). 본 시험에서 ‘청풍보라’가 나타낸 건물중 생산성은 Lee et al. (2007)이 보고한 헤어리베치 중만생 품종 그룹의 건물중 생 산성과 유사한 수준이었다. 모든 시험지역에서 ‘청풍보라’의 건물중 수량이 대조품종인 ‘웰타’보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 익산에서는 ‘청풍보라’ 건물중 수량이 4.49 ton/ha으로 써 ‘웰타’의 3.69 ton/ha에 비하여 22% 높았다. 익산 이외의 지역에서는 ‘청풍보라’ 건물중 수량이 ‘웰타’보다 1~4% 정 도 높은 것으로 나타나 ‘청풍보라’는 익산에서 가장 높은 건 물중 생산성을 보였다. 전국 평균 질소 수량은 ‘청풍보라’가 ha당 166 kg으로써 대조품종인 ‘웰타’에 비하여 6.4% 많았 고, 모든 시험지역에서 ‘청풍보라’의 질소생산성이 ‘웰타’보 다 높게 나타났다(Table 5). 건물중에서와 마찬가지로 ‘웰타’ 와 대비한 ‘청풍보라’의 질소생산성이 가장 높았던 지역은 익 산으로써 19%의 질소 수량 증가를 보였다.
Table 4.
Dry matter yield of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.
Table 4.
Varieties Suwon Iksan Milyang Yeongdeok Mean Index (A/B × 100)
Cheongpoogbora (A, MT/ha) 5.45az 4.49a 5.75a 5.12a 5.20a 106
Welta (B, MT/ha) 5.33a 3.69b 5.71a 4.93a 4.92b 100

zMeans with the same letters within columns are not significantly different at 5% probability level by least significant difference

Table 5.
Nitrogen yield of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.
Table 5.
Varieties Suwon Iksan Milyang Yeongdeok Mean Index (A/B × 100)
Cheongpoogbora (A, kg/ha) 174az 143a 180a 166a 166a 106
Welta (B, kg/ha) 171a 120b 174a 158a 156b 100

zMeans with the same letters within columns are not significantly different at 5% probability level by least significant difference

재배상 유의점
‘청풍보라’의 적응지역은 1월 일평균최저기온이 -15°C 이 상의 전국 지역이며, 적정 파종기는 중, 북부지역은 10월 5일 이전이고, 남부지역은 10월 10일 이전이다. 습해에 약하므로 배수가 잘 안되는 논이나 밭에서는 배수관리에 유의하여야 한다.
‘청풍보라’는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 추위에 강하 여 중, 북부 지역에서도 안정적으로 월동이 가능하며 조생이 고 봄철 녹비 수량이 많아 답리작 재배에 적합한 헤어리베치 품종을 육성하고자 내한성이 강하고 중생종인 ‘Daegu2(대구 수집)’ 유전자원 집단에서 파생한 조생 개체를 선발하여 육성 하였다. 월동률이 높고 개화기가 빠르며 녹비다수성인 우수 계통을 선발 육성하여 ‘베치1호’로 계통명을 부여하였고 2008 년부터 2009년까지 2년간 수원, 익산, 밀양, 영덕 등 4개 지 역에서 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 우수성이 인정되어 2009 년 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선정 되었다. ‘청풍보라’의 고유 특성은 중간 색조의 녹색잎, 중간 정도의 모용 밀도, 흑색 종피를 보유하였다. 개화기는 전국 평 균 4월 29일로 대조 품종인 ‘웰타’보다 11일 빠르며, 내한성 은 ‘웰타’보다 강하였다. 건물수량은 ha당 평균 5.2 ton으로 4.92 ton인 ‘웰타’에 비해 5.7% 많았고, 질소 수량은 ha당 평 균 166 kg으로 156 kg인 ‘웰타’에 비해 6.4% 많았다. ’청풍 보라’의 적응 지역은 1월 최저 평균기온이 -15°C 이상인 지역 이면 전국 어느 곳에서나 재배가 가능하다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(녹비작물 신품종 육성시험, PJ007494)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
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A New Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Variety, ‘Cheongpoogbora’ for Green Manure
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2014;46(3):318-322.   Published online September 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.3.318
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Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
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Include:
A New Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Variety, ‘Cheongpoogbora’ for Green Manure
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2014;46(3):318-322.   Published online September 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.3.318
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A New Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Variety, ‘Cheongpoogbora’ for Green Manure
Image Image
Fig. 1. The field photo of Cheongpoongbora (left) and Welta (right) at the Suwon in May 6, 2009.
Fig. 2. Pedigree diagram of ‘Cheongpoongbora’.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

A New Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Variety, ‘Cheongpoogbora’ for Green Manure

Morphological characteristics of ‘Cheongpoongbora’.

Variety Leaflet shape Leaf color Stem hair density Flower color Seed coat color Seed shape
Cheongpoongbora Oblong Medium green Medium Blue-violet Black Spherical
Welta Oblong Dark green High Blue-violet Black Spherical

Overwintering rate of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.

Regions Seeding date Cheongpoogbora (%)
 Welta (%)
2008 2009 Mean 2008 2009 Mean
Suwon Oct. 2 100 95.5 97.8 92.1 96.0 94.1
Iksan Oct. 13 83.9 93.2 88.6 73.3 94.9 84.1
Milyang Oct. 8 100 100 100 100 100 100
Yeongdeok Oct. 13 85.2 94.8 90.0 75.0 82.1 78.6
Mean - 92.3 95.9 94.1 85.1 93.3 89.2

Flowering season of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.

Regions Seeding date Cheongpoogbora (%)
 Welta
2008 2009 Mean 2008 2009 Mean
Suwon Oct. 2 May 7 May 6 May 6 May 20 May 11 May 15
Iksan Oct. 13 May 5 May 12 May 10 May 13 May 20 May 16
Milyang Oct. 8 April 23 April 17 April 20 May 10 May 8 May 9
Yeongdeok Oct. 13 April 27 April 14 April 20 May 13 April 19 May 1
Mean - May 1 April 27 April 29z May 14 May 7 May 10y

The days calculated from January 1 to flowering date is significantly different between ‘Cheongpoongbora’ and ‘Welta’ by t-test

Dry matter yield of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.

Varieties Suwon Iksan Milyang Yeongdeok Mean Index (A/B × 100)
Cheongpoogbora (A, MT/ha) 5.45az 4.49a 5.75a 5.12a 5.20a 106
Welta (B, MT/ha) 5.33a 3.69b 5.71a 4.93a 4.92b 100

Means with the same letters within columns are not significantly different at 5% probability level by least significant difference

Nitrogen yield of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.

Varieties Suwon Iksan Milyang Yeongdeok Mean Index (A/B × 100)
Cheongpoogbora (A, kg/ha) 174az 143a 180a 166a 166a 106
Welta (B, kg/ha) 171a 120b 174a 158a 156b 100

Means with the same letters within columns are not significantly different at 5% probability level by least significant difference

Table 1. Morphological characteristics of ‘Cheongpoongbora’.
Table 2. Overwintering rate of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.
Table 3. Flowering season of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.

The days calculated from January 1 to flowering date is significantly different between ‘Cheongpoongbora’ and ‘Welta’ by t-test

Table 4. Dry matter yield of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.

Means with the same letters within columns are not significantly different at 5% probability level by least significant difference

Table 5. Nitrogen yield of ‘Cheongpoongbora’ tested in Suwon, Iksan, Milyang, and Yeongdeok regions from 2008 to 2009.

Means with the same letters within columns are not significantly different at 5% probability level by least significant difference

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

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