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Korean. J. Breed. Sci. : Korean Journal of Breeding Science

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신품종 유색미 “빠른슈퍼자미” 쌀의 품질특성

Grain Quality of a Black Rice Variety ‘Pareunsuperjami’

The Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2016;48(4):547-552.
Published online: November 30, 2016

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*Corresponding author (ryusn@knou.ac.kr, +010-4229-2161)
• Received: December 1, 2016   • Accepted: December 6, 2016

© The Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A black rice variety ‘Pareunsuperjami’ developed from a conventional breeding method is an early maturing variety, of which heading time is 113 days after sowing, about the 30th of July. Its culm length and 1000 grain weights are 64.6 cm and 18.6 g, respectively, with the heavier grain weight than that of Heugjinju. ‘Pareunsuperjami’ has the higher content of cyaniding 3-glucoside (C3G) and strong antioxidant activity, compared to other color rice varieties. The highest content of total polyphenol extracted by a 70% of ethanol was found in the grain of Pareunsuperjami rice among other varieties, such as Daeripjami, Heugjinju, Daeripbyeo. The flavonoid and C3G contents were in the order of Pareunsuperjami > Daeripjami > Heugjinju > Daeripbyeo with a 5-fold higher C3G in Pareunsuperjami (1,038 mg/100g) than that of Heugjinju (204 mg/100g). The highest radical scavenging activity of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, ABTS) was observed in the grain of Pareunsuperjami rice, about 383. The highest ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) was also observed in the grain of Pareunsuperjami (383), followed by Daeripjami (356) and Heugjinju (275). The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity in vitro was also found in the grain of Pareunsuperjami. The higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was also found in the grain of Pareunsuperjami than that of Daeripbyeo with no significant difference than other color rice varieties. These results suggest that there is a close relation between high content of C3G and strong antioxidant activity, and thus the Pareunsuperjami is a good source of natural antioxidants as a functional staple food.
쌀은 아시아 국가의 주 식량원으로써 과거에는 단순한 에너지 공급원으로 인식되었지만 최근에는 쌀에 대한 여러 가지 생리적 효능이 규명되면서 쌀에 대한 기능성 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 쌀을 주식으로 하는 동양 뿐만 아니라 만성대사성환자가 많은 서양에서도 쌀에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 미국 암연구 소가 발표한 암예방 식품 40가지에 현미가 선정되기도 하였다 (The University of Taxas MdAnderson CancerCenter, 2015).
유색미는 현미 종피층이 붉은색이나 짙은 자색 등의 특이한 색을 가지는 쌀로 안토시아닌인 Cyanidin -3-glucoside, Cyanidi n-3-rhamnoside, malvidin-3-galactoside, Peonidin-3-glucosi de 등이 있으며, 그 중 Cyanidin -3-glucoside(C3G)가 가장 많이 존재하는 안토시아닌으로 알려져 있다(Reddy et al. 1994, Ryu et al. 1998, Ryu 2013, Ryu 2014).
유색미에는 독특한 향기와 각종 무기질 비타민, 불포화지방산 및 단백질 등이 함유되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 DNA 손상억제, 발암억제 및 높은 항산화활성을 갖는 탄닌계, 안토시아닌계 색소 를 상당량 함유하여 건강기능성 소재로서의 이용가치가 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다(Ryu 2014).
빠른슈퍼자미 품종의 평균출수기는 7월 30일로 조생종이며, 임실률은 78%, 현미 천립중은 18.8g으로 가벼운 품종이다. 또한 C3G 천연색소 함량은 현미 100g 당 2011년에는 1,192mg, 2012년에는 995mg, 2013년에는 1,093mg으로 흑진주벼보다 3~5배 높은 것으로 확인되었다(Ham et al. 2016).
빠른슈퍼자미는 흑진주벼와 수원425호의 후대계통인 C3GHi 벼와 쌀알의 크기가 일반쌀의 1.5배인 대립벼 1호를 교배하여 C3G 함량이 높은 계통으로 고기능성 조생종 품종이다 (Ham et al. 2016).
우리나라에서 육성된 벼품종을 보면 중만생종이 83.0%로 대체적으로 가장 많고, 조생종 11.8%, 중생종 5.2% 순으로 생태 형이 다양하지 못하다(Shin et al. 2015).
본 연구는 출수기가 빠르고 호분층의 C3G 함량이 높은 빠른슈 퍼자미(품종보호권 등록번호 5631호, 2015. 6. 29) 벼 품종의 작물학적 특성과 항산화 방어에 영향 끼치는 효과를 살펴보아 대사성질환 및 치료용 건강기능성 식품소재 품종으로 식약처 인증을 위한 기초 자료로 활용코자 수행하였다.
시료 조제
흑진주(유색미 대조구), 대립벼 1호, 대립자미, 빠른슈퍼자미 쌀을 Food grainder (HMF -2100S, Hanil electronics, Seoul, Korea)로 분쇄한 다음 100 mesh 체를 통과시킨 후 3배량의 70% 에탄올을 넣고 40°C에서 24시간 진탕하면서 활성성분을 추출하였다. 추출을 세 번 반복한 다음 Whatman paper (no.4)로 추출물의 잔사를 제거한 후, 감압농축기 (N-1000, EYELA, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용해 추출물의 용매를 제거하고 동결 건조 (TAITEC VD-POR, Japan)시켰다. 동결건조물을 최종 농도 100mg/mL로 DMSO(Dimethyl sulfoxide)에 용해시켜 분석 전까지 -20°C에서 보관하면서 사용하였다.
Total polyphenolic compounds 함량 분석
시료 용액 50μL에 증류수 5mL을 넣은 후 Folin Ciocalteu's phenol reagent 0.5mL을 첨가하여 교반하였다. 5분 후 Na2CO3 용액 1.5mL을 가하고 증류수로 희석하여 총 volume이 10mL이 되도록 한 다음 교반하였다. 실온에서 2시간 방치 후 분광 광도계 (DU 800series, Beckman Coulter, USA)를 이용하여 765nm에 서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 총 페놀화합물 함량은 gallic acid로 표준 검량곡선을 작성하여 계산하였으며, 100g 건식 중량에 대한 mg gallic acid equivalents(GAE)로 나타내었다.
Flavonoids 함량 분석
시료 250μL에 증류수 1.25μL를 가하고 5% NaNO2 용액 75μL를 넣고 5분간 방치한 후 10% AlCl3·6H2O용액 150μL를 넣은 후 6분간 방치하였다. 위 반응액에 1M NaOH 500μL와 증류수 275μL를 가한 후 510nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 표준물질은 (+)-catechin hydrate를 사용하여 표준 검량선을 작 성하였으며, 추출물의 total flavonoid 함량은 시료 1g 중의 ug (+)-catechin hydrate로 나타내었다.
안토시아닌 C3G함량 분석
종자를 제현하여 곱게 마쇄하여 분말 2g에 0.1% trifuoroacteic acid(TFA)-95% EtOH 용매 20mL를 가한 후 진탕 추출하였다. 추출액은 50mL로 적정하여 0.45 PVDF syringe filter로 여과하여 HPLC (waters 501 pump, millipore gradient controller, waters 480 UV-Visdetector)를 이용하여 정량하였다. HPLC 분석은 ODS-5(4.6mm×250mm, Nomura Chemical Co., Japan) column을 사용하였고, 530nm 파장으로 검량하였다. 이동상으로 0.1% TFA in water, liner gradient, 0.1% in Acetonitrile을 사용하였고, 유속은 1.0mL/min이었다.
ABTS radical을 이용한 총 항산화력
총 항산화력 측정은 ABTS 7.4mM과 potassium persulphate 2.6mM을 하루동안 암소에 방치하여 ABTS·+을 생성시킨 다음 734nm에서 흡광도 값이 1.5가 되도록 몰흡광계수(∈ = 1.6×104 mol-1cm-1)를 이용하여 메탄올로 희석하였다. 희석된 ABTS·+ 용액 1mL에 시료 20μL을 가하여 30분 동안 반응시킨 후 흡광도 의 변화를 측정하였다. 0.1mM ascorbic acid을 이용하여 표준곡 선을 작성하였으며 측정된 값은 AEAC(ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity)로 나타내었다.
DPPH radical에 의한 전자공여능
농도별 시료 희석용액 0.1mL에 에탄올 1mL, 100mM sodium acetatebuffer(pH 5.5)
0.99mL를 분주한 시험관에 에탄올에 용해한 0.5mL의 0.5mM DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydeazyl) 용액을 첨가하 여 교반하고 30초 간 반응을 유도한 후 잔존 radical의 농도를 517nm에서 측정하였다. 전자공여능(%)은 [(1-As/Ac)×100]으 로 산출하였고, As와 Ac는 각각 실험군과 시료무첨가군의 흡광 도를 대입하였다. 양성 대조군으로는 BHT를 사용하였다.
환원력
시료에 50mM phosphate buffer(pH 6.6)와 0.5M potassium fericyanide [K3Fe(CN)6]50mL를 첨가하고 50°C에서 30분간 반응하였다. 반응 후 0.5mL의 10% trichloroaceticacid를 첨가 하고 3,000rpm의 원심분리로 상층액 만을 회수하였다. 회수된 상층액 0.5mL에 동일한 양의 탈이온수와 0.1mL의 FeCl3를 첨가한 다음, UV/vis spectrophotometer를 사용하여 700nm에 서 흡광도를 측정하였다.
Hydroxy radical 소거능
시료 10μL에 100mM 인산완충액(pH 7.4) 1.39mL, 10mM FeSO4·EDTA 용액 0.2mL, 10mM 2-deoxyribose 용액 0.2mL, 10mM H2O2 용액(buffer solution) 0.2mL를 첨가하여 37°C에 서 4시간 동안 교반하면서 hydroxy radical 생성 및 반응을 유도한 후 2.8% TCA 용액을 첨가하여 반응을 정지시켰다. 그 후 0.8% TBA 용액으로 100°C에서 10분간 발색을 유도한 다음 532nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 한편 4시간의 반응 없이 10mM H2O2 용액으로 radical 생성을 유발하는 즉시 반응을 중단하고 발색을 유도한 것을 미처리구로 하였다. 비색정량에서 유색미 추출물 색의 영향을 배제하고 radical 생성반응 없이 추출물 자체가 2-deoxyribose를 산화하는지 알아보기 위해 100mM 인산완충액 1.79mL, 10mM 2-deoxyribose 용액 0.2mL에 시료 0.01mL을 첨가하고 4시간 반응시킨 후 상기와 같은 방법으로 발색을 유도, 흡광도를 측정하여 시료대조군의 흡광도로 하였다. Hydroxy radical 소거능은 아래의 식에 의해 계산되었다.
Hydroxy radical 소거능(%) = (1- ) × 100
As : 실험군의 흡광도
Asc : 시료대조군의 흡광도
Ac : 처리군의 흡광도
Ao : 미처군의 흡광도
본 실험 결과는 SAS(SAS Institute Inc., USA)를 이용하여 통계처리 하였다.
작물학적 특성
빠른슈퍼자미 품종의 2015년과 2016년 주요 작물학적 특성 평가내용은 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같다. 중부평야지 보통기 재배에서 출수기는 파종일로부터 113일인, 7월 30일로 흑진주 품종보다는 4일 늦은 조생종 품종이다. 간장은 64.6cm 정도로 단간이며, 현미천립중은 18.6g으로 비교적 가벼운 품종이다. 이러한 결과는 2011년과 2012년의 품종특성 연구결과와 유사하 였다(Ham et al. 2016).
Table 1.
Major agronomic traits and yield components
Table 1.
Cultivar Year Heading date Culm Length (cm) Brown rice 1000 grain weight (g)
Heugjinju 2015 July. 28 72 17.0
2016 July. 24 73 16.9
zAverage July. 26 73±1.2 17.0±0.7
Pareunsuperjami 2015 July. 30 65.2 18.2
2016 Aug. 1 64.1 19.0
zAverage July. 30 64.6±1.3 18.6±1.3

zValues are expressed as means±CV.

Total polyphenolic compounds 함량
플라보노이드를 포함한 폴리페놀성 화합물은 유리 라디칼을 제거하여 산화를 억제하고 활성산소의 소거 및 산화적 스트레스 를 막아 항암, 항균, 항알러지, 노화 등을 예방하거나 지연시키는 효과를 가진다(Hertog et al. 1992). 페놀성 화합물은 식물계에 널리 분포되어 존재하는 2차 대사산물 중 하나로 다양한 구조와 분자량을 가지며 phenolic hydroxyl기가 단백질과 같은 거대분 자와 결합하여 항산화, 항암 및 항균 등의 생리기능을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다(Choi et al. 2003). 최근 육성된 기능성 신품종을 70% 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀성 화합물 함량은 빠른슈퍼자미가 쌀 100g 당 221.04mg으로 가장 많은 함량을 나타내었으며, 대립자미 183.92mg, 흑진주 109.20mg, 일반현 미인 대립벼 45.79mg의 순으로 나타났다(Table 2). 총 폴리페놀 성 화합물은 교배조합의 대립벼에 비해 유색미에서 월등한 양을 나타내었으며 특히, 색이 가장 진한 빠른슈퍼자미가 대조 품종구 인 흑진주에 비해서도 그 함량이 두 배 정도 많았다. 이는 유색미 에 포함된 플라보노이드와 안토시아닌의 함량과도 유사하게 나타났으며, 유색미에 포함된 이 두 성분에 의해 기인된 것으로 생각되어진다.
Table 2.
Total polyphenolic compounds of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice varieties.
Table 2.
Cultivars Total phenolic content (mg/100g)

Daeripbyeo 45.79±0.83a
Heugjinju 109.20±1.82b
Daeripjami 183.92±3.68c
Pareunsuperjami 221.04±2.13d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Flavonoids 함량
플라보노이드는 플라본(flavon)을 기본구조로 가지는 식물 색소로 페놀화합물과 함께 식물체 전반에 함유되어 있으며 항산 화 활성에 직접적인 영향을 주는 인자로 알려져 있다. 따라서 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하여 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 예측할 수 있는데, 유색미 계열 기능성 쌀 70% 에탄올 추출물의 플라보노이드 화합물 함량을 측정한 결과를 Table 3에서 보면, 폴리페놀성 화합물 함량과 유사한 결과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 빠른슈퍼자미가 쌀 100g 당 플라보노이드 성분이 82.36mg으로 가장 많은 양을 나타내었으며 대립자미에서 62.55mg, 흑진주에서 36.83mg, 대립벼에서 10.35mg의 순으로 나타났다. Table 4.
Table 3.
Flavonoids of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice varieties.
Table 3.
Cultivars Total flavonoid content (mg/100g)

Daeripbyeo 10.35±0.15a
Heugjinju 36.83±0.14b
Daeripjami 62.55±0.88c
Pareunsuperjami 82.36±0.26d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 4.
Content of Anthocyanin C3G of the 95% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.
Table 4.
Cultivars Total anthocyanin C3G content (mg/100g)

Daeripbyeo -
Heugjinju 204.35±1.49a
Daeripjami 630.25±2.46b
Pareunsuperjami 1,038±1.02d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

안토시아닌 C3G함량
기능성 유색미 품종 쌀의 안토시아닌 C3G(cyanidin-3-glucos ide) 함량을 측정한 결과 빠른슈퍼자미에서 현미 100g 당 1,038 mg으로 흑진주 품종의 204mg보다 5배 높았다. 종피가 두꺼운 쌀일수록 안토시아닌 C3G함량이 많은 것으로 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 유색미에는 다량의 안토시아닌계 색소가 존재하며 그 중 C3G(cyanidin-3-glucoside)와 P3G(peonidin-3-glucosid e)가 대표적인 성분인데, 빠른슈퍼자미와 대립자미는 C3G 함량 이 높은 고기능성 벼 신품종으로 이미 밝혀진 바 있다(Ryu 2014). Ham et al.(2016)이 보고한 현미 100g 당 C3G 함량이 2011년 1,192mg, 2013년의 1,093mg보다 다소 낮은 것은 2016년 등숙 기간인 8월 초순에서 9월 초순까지 고온조건 때문으로 평가된다.
ABTS radical을 이용한 총 항산화력
ABTS 라디칼을 이용한 총 항산화력은 쌀 추출물 1mg/mL의 농도에서 시행되었다. 빠른슈퍼자미의 총 항산화력이 383.25 AEAC로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 대립자미가 355.92, 흑진 주가 274.58, 대립벼가 86.45 AEAC의 값을 나타내었으며, 다른 항산화 활성 실험 결과와 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다(Ryu 2014). 총 항산화력과 polyphenol 함량과는 높은 수준의 상관성이 존재 하는 것으로 보아 유색미 에탄올 추출물의 폴리페놀 화합물이 유리라디칼을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 것으로 보여진다. 일반 적으로 폴리페놀 화합물과 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 높은 연관성 을 가지고 있다는 기존의 연구결과와 유사하였다. 본 연구에서도 높은 폴리페놀성 화합물을 포함하는 빠른슈퍼자미 품종에서 가장 높은 활성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 유색미 추출물에는 폴리페놀화합물과 안토시안계 색소 등이 다양하게 존재하고 있어 항산화활성이 매우 높은 것으로 생각되며, 향후 천연 항산화 제로서 이용 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.
DPPH radical에 의한 전자공여능
전자공여능은 지질과산화 반응을 연쇄적으로 일으키는 반응 에 관여하는 산화성 자유라디칼에 전자를 제공하여 산화 진행과 정을 정지시키는 정도를 측정하는 방법이다. 산화성 자유라디칼 은 생체 내에 존재하는 단백질과 세포막의 지질 등을 산화시켜 막에 쌓이거나 DNA에 손상을 일으켜 각종 질병을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다(Hong et al. 1997). 유색미 신품종 쌀 추출물 의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과를 Table 5에서 보면, 시료 농도 1mg/mL에서 빠른슈퍼자미가 91.45%, 대립자미 78.74%, 흑진주 51.43%, 대립벼 38.16%의 소거능을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 선행연구에서도 유색미의 추출물이 백미의 추출물보다 DPPH 라디칼 소거능에서 높은 활성을 나타낸다는 보고가 있었는데(Kong et al. 2008, Oki et al. 2002), 본 연구에서 도 C3G 고함유 유색미에서 월등히 높은 DPPH 라디칼소거능을 나타내었다. 폴리페놀 화합물 중 플라보노이드 계열 화합물이 DPPH 라디칼 소거능에서 우수한 항산화력이 있음을 보고하였 다(Villano et al. 2007). 또한 Cho et al.(2012)의 연구에서도 유색미가 일반미 및 다른 곡류에 비해 DPPH radical 제거능이 뛰어나 본 연구와 유사한 결과를 나타내었으며, 유색미 품종은 ABTS 라디칼을 총 항산화력과 더불어 DPPH 라디칼소거능력 이 우수한 항산화 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. Table 6.
Table 5.
ABTS radical scavenging of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.
Table 5.
Cultivars AEAC (µg AA eq/g)

Daeripbyeo 86.45±2.10a
Heugjinju 274.58±1.61b
Daeripjami 355.92±4.39c
Pareunsuperjami 383.25±2.49d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 6.
DPPH radical scavenging of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.
Table 6.
Cultivars DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)

Daeripbyeo 38.16±0.29a
Heugjinju 51.43±1.14b
Daeripjami 78.74±0.25c
Pareunsuperjami 91.45±1.06d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

환원력
철 이온의 환원력에 대한 항산화력을 측정하는 환원력 평가는 항산화 능력평가의 중요한 지표가 된다. Potassium ferricyanide 법을 이용하여 유색미 추출물이 Fe3+ 이온을 Fe2+ 이온으로 환원 시키는 능력을 측정한 결과 유색미 간의 환원력은 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았지만 일반현미에 비해서는 유색미 계통의 기능성 쌀의 환원력이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Table 7.
Table 7.
Reducing power of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.
Table 7.
Cultivars DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)

Daeripbyeo 0.11±0.00a
Heugjinju 0.18±0.00b
Daeripjami 0.19±0.01b
Pareunsuperjami 0.20±0.00b

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Hydroxy radical 소거능
Hydroxy radical은 생체 내에서 생성되는 자유라디칼을 활성 화 시키며 반응성이 매우 강한 자유라디칼 중 하나로 DNA 핵산과 결합함으로써 발암성, 돌연변이 및 세포독성을 일으킨다. Hydroxy radical 소거능이 높을수록 활성화된 산소종을 소거하 거나 지질과산화 과정을 직접적으로 방해함으로써 연쇄반응을 억제시켜 세포독성을 막을 수 있다(Maniavn et al. 2008). 유색미 추출물의 hydroxy radical 소거능을 측정한 결과 일반현미인 대립벼 40.25%보다 흑진주 48.64%, 대립자미 50.27%, 빠른슈 퍼자미 52.35%에서 높은 활성을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었 다. 그러나 유색미 간의 hydroxy radical 소거능은 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 신품종 빠른슈퍼자미 추출물에는 폴리 페놀 성분과 안토시아닌계 C3G 색소 등이 다양하게 존재하고 있어 항산화 활성이 매우 높아 향후 천연항산화제로서의 이용가 능성이 높을 것으로 평가된다. Table 8.
Table 8.
Hydroxy radical scavenging ability of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.
Table 8.
Cultivars DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)

Daeripbyeo 40.25±1.98a
Heugjinju 48.64±2.98b
Daeripjami 50.27±2.38b
Pareunsuperjami 52.35±2.25b

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

전통적인 교배육종을 통하여 육성된 빠른슈퍼자미는 천연색 소 C3G 함량이 높고 흑진주와 대립자미보다 항산화 능력이 뛰어난 새로운 유색미 품종이다. 빠른슈퍼자미 품종의 평균 출수 기는 파종일로부터 113일인 7월 30일로 조생종이다. 간장은 64.6cm 정도로 단간이며, 현미천립중은 18.6g으로 비교적 가벼 운 품종이다. 70% 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 화합물 함량은 빠른슈퍼자미에서 가장 많은 함량이었다. 플라보노이드와 안토 시아닌 C3G 함량도 총 폴리페놀 함량과 비슷하게 평가되었다. 그 함량은 빠른슈퍼자미 > 대립자미 > 흑진주 > 대립벼 순이었다. 안토시아닌 중에서 C3G 함량은 빠른슈퍼자미가 현미 100g 당 1,038mg으로 흑진주 204mg 보다 5배 높았다. 총항산화력은 빠른슈퍼자미가 383.25 AEAC, 대립자미는 355.92 AEAC, 흑진주 274.58 AEAC의 값을 나타내었다. DPPH 라디칼소거능 에서도 빠른슈퍼자미가 in vitro free radical 소거에 유의적으로 높은 우수한 항산화 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. Hydroxy radical 소거능은 일반현미인 대립벼에 비해 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 신품종 유색미 품종간의 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. C3G 고함유 품종군에서 우수한 항산화력이 있음을 보고한 선행 연구 결과도 비슷하였다. 이상의 결과에서 빠른슈퍼자미 유색미 신품종은 천연 항산화제의 자원으로서 뿐만 아니라 높은 항산화 능력을 가진 건강 기능성식품 소재로서 이용가능성이 클 것으로 사료된다.
이 논문은 한국방송통신대학교 2016년도 1분기 연구비 지원 에 의해 이루어진 것임.
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Grain Quality of a Black Rice Variety ‘Pareunsuperjami’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2016;48(4):547-552.   Published online December 31, 2016
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Grain Quality of a Black Rice Variety ‘Pareunsuperjami’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2016;48(4):547-552.   Published online December 31, 2016
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Grain Quality of a Black Rice Variety ‘Pareunsuperjami’
Grain Quality of a Black Rice Variety ‘Pareunsuperjami’

Major agronomic traits and yield components

Cultivar Year Heading date Culm Length (cm) Brown rice 1000 grain weight (g)
Heugjinju 2015 July. 28 72 17.0
2016 July. 24 73 16.9
zAverage July. 26 73±1.2 17.0±0.7
Pareunsuperjami 2015 July. 30 65.2 18.2
2016 Aug. 1 64.1 19.0
zAverage July. 30 64.6±1.3 18.6±1.3

Values are expressed as means±CV.

Total polyphenolic compounds of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice varieties.

Cultivars Total phenolic content (mg/100g)

Daeripbyeo 45.79±0.83a
Heugjinju 109.20±1.82b
Daeripjami 183.92±3.68c
Pareunsuperjami 221.04±2.13d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Flavonoids of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice varieties.

Cultivars Total flavonoid content (mg/100g)

Daeripbyeo 10.35±0.15a
Heugjinju 36.83±0.14b
Daeripjami 62.55±0.88c
Pareunsuperjami 82.36±0.26d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Content of Anthocyanin C3G of the 95% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Cultivars Total anthocyanin C3G content (mg/100g)

Daeripbyeo -
Heugjinju 204.35±1.49a
Daeripjami 630.25±2.46b
Pareunsuperjami 1,038±1.02d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

ABTS radical scavenging of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Cultivars AEAC (µg AA eq/g)

Daeripbyeo 86.45±2.10a
Heugjinju 274.58±1.61b
Daeripjami 355.92±4.39c
Pareunsuperjami 383.25±2.49d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

DPPH radical scavenging of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Cultivars DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)

Daeripbyeo 38.16±0.29a
Heugjinju 51.43±1.14b
Daeripjami 78.74±0.25c
Pareunsuperjami 91.45±1.06d

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Reducing power of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Cultivars DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)

Daeripbyeo 0.11±0.00a
Heugjinju 0.18±0.00b
Daeripjami 0.19±0.01b
Pareunsuperjami 0.20±0.00b

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Hydroxy radical scavenging ability of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Cultivars DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)

Daeripbyeo 40.25±1.98a
Heugjinju 48.64±2.98b
Daeripjami 50.27±2.38b
Pareunsuperjami 52.35±2.25b

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 1. Major agronomic traits and yield components

Values are expressed as means±CV.

Table 2. Total polyphenolic compounds of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice varieties.

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 3. Flavonoids of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice varieties.

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 4. Content of Anthocyanin C3G of the 95% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 5. ABTS radical scavenging of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 6. DPPH radical scavenging of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 7. Reducing power of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.

Table 8. Hydroxy radical scavenging ability of the 70% ethanolic extracts from colored rice cultivars.

Values are means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at p<0.05.