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중만생 항산화 적색메벼 ‘건강홍미’

Antioxidant Functional and Red Pericarp Rice ‘Geonganghongmi’

You-Chun Song1, Jun-Hyeon Cho1,*, Ji-Yoon Lee1, Jong-Hee Lee2, Sung-Hwan Oh2, Sang-Ik Han1, Kuk-Hyun Jung1, Woo-Duck Seo1, Woon-Ha Hwang1, Ki-Chang Jang2, No-Bong Park1, Dong-Soo Park1, Sang-Yeol Kim1, Hang-Won Kang1, Hak-Dong Lee3
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2017;49(1):23-30.
Published online: February 28, 2017

1 국립식량과학원

1 National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Korea

2 농촌진흥청

2 Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea

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*Corresponding Author (hy4779@korea.kr), +82-55-350-1169, +82-55-352-3059
• Received: July 15, 2016   • Accepted: September 20, 2016

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  • To fit the market demands for functional rice such as black and red color rice, ‘Sugary’a high free sugar content line was backcrossed to the black rice ‘Milyang152. The pedigree method was adapted in selection and generation advance. A high polyphenol content line, YR19646-3-2-1-1-2-2 showing red pericarp was selected and designed as ‘Milyang234’ followed by variety name ‘Geonganghongmi’ in 2010. Heading date of ‘Geonganghongmi’ was Aug. 19, medium-late maturing cultivar. ‘Geonganghongmi’ showed resistance to leaf blast and rice stripe virus while susceptible to major diseases and insects. The total polyphenol content of ‘Geonganghongmi’ was high as much as 24.2mg/g compare to that of 4.9mg/g of ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ and 17.2mg/g of a red pericarp rice ‘Jeogjinju’ at 70% ethanol extraction conditions. In local adaptability tests, yield of ‘Geonganghongmi’ was 4.5MT/ha about 86% of ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ and 102% of ‘Jeogjinju’, respectively. ‘Geonganghongmi’ is suitable for southern and middle plain area of Korea.
  • Keywords: Rice; Geonganghongmi; Milyang234; Polyphenol; Functional substance
최근 건강 및 장수에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 유색미 수요가 크게 증가되고 있다. 또 한편으로는 특정 유효물질을 증가시키는 발아현미, 인삼농축액 또는 칼슘 등을 코팅한 쌀 그리고 생리활성 물질을 부가한 버섯쌀 등이 가공 유통되고 있다. 그 중 당질미는 배유 내부에서 phytoglycogen 등 다양한 기능성 물질들이 저장 되어 있어 특수용도미로서 이용가치가 큰 것으로 보고되고 있다 (Takahashi et al. 2010, Lee et al. 2012, Song et al. 2015). 현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 유색미 종류는 흑미 (Song et al. 2010) 및 홍미 (Yang et al. 2011, 2012) 등 다양한 색깔을 보이고 있다. 일반적으로 홍미의 색소는 종피내에 분포하고 자색 과 흑색소는 과피내에 축적되어 있다 (Yang et al. 2011). 유색미 의 색소성분으로는 적색계는 탄닌, 자색계는 안토시아닌으로 알려져 있으며, 자색의 주요성분은 시아니딘-3-글루코사이드 (cyanidine-3-glucoside)로 구성되어 있고 그 외에 말비딘-3-글 루코사이드 (malvidin-3-glucoside)도 소량 함유되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 색소들은 항산화 활성을 나타내며 주로 cyanidine-3-glucoside이 강력한 항산화 성분을 가지고 있다고 하 였다 (Seo et al. 2013). 이에 기능성 성분이 뛰어난 적색미인 ‘건강 홍미’를 개발하여 그 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고 하고자 한다.
본 연구는 2007, 2009, 2010년 3년간 실시한 영호남 및 중부 평야지 7개 지역의 벼지역 적응시험 포장에서 보통기 표준재배 로 ‘남평벼’를 공시하여 수행하였다 (RDA 2007a, RDA 2009, RDA 2010). 각 시험지별 재배 방법은 4월 30일에 파종하여 30일간 육묘한 후 5월 30일에 30×15㎝ 재식거리로 주당 3본씩 이앙하고, 시비량은 N-P2O5-K2O=9-4.5-5.7㎏/10a로 재배 하였 다. 그 밖의 재배관리와 품종육성을 위한 주요 농업적 특성, 수량특성, 생리장해, 병충해 저항성 및 품질분석 조사는 농촌진 흥청 신품종개발 공동연구사업 과제 수행계획서 조사기준에 준하였다 (RDA 2007b). 항산화 활성 분석 방법으로 1) ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 측정은 ABTS (2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid)의 안정적인 라디컬을 이용한 항산화 효과로 Vandenberg et al. (1999) 등의 방법을 수정하여 측정하였다 (Seo et al. 2013). 7 mM ABTS (Sigma, USA)와 2.45 mM potassium persulfate를 혼합해 빛이 들어오지 않는 암소에서 실온으로 24시간 동안 방치하여 ABTS 자체의 라디컬을 형성시킨 후 증류수로 희석하였으며 희석된 ABTS 라디칼용액 0.9 ㎖에 농도 별 추출물 0.1 ㎖를 섞고, 실온에서 10분 후에 734 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 아래의 식에 의해 항산화 활성을 산출하였다. * ABTS 라디컬 소거능 (%) = [(무처리 흡광도– 추출물 처리 흡광도)/무처리 흡광도] × 100. 2) DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 측정 을 위한 DPPH (α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) assay는 Seo et al. (2013)의 실험법을 따랐다. 각각의 쌀 추출물 1 ㎎/㎖ 농도를 초순수 메탄올 (Sigma, USA)로 정량하여 50, 100, 200, 400㎍/㎖로 희석한 용액 500㎕와 1.0mM DPPH (Sigma, USA) 시약 0.5 ㎖를 혼합한 후 빛이 들어오지 않는 암소에서 실온으로 30분간 반응시켰다. 흡광 분광계를 사용하여 517 ㎚에서 흡광도 를 측정하였다. DPPH radical 소거능은 다음과 같이 구하였다. * DPPH 라디컬 소거능 (%) = (1 – 추출물 처리 흡광도/무처리 흡광도) × 100.
육성경위
‘건강홍미’는 소비자의 기능성 유색미에 대한 요구에 부응하 기 위해 흑미계통인 ‘밀양152호’에 유리당 함량이 높은 유전자원 ‘sugary’를 교배한 다음 기능성 성분을 높이고자 ‘sugary’로 한번 더 여교배한 다음 계통육종법으로 육성한 품종이다 (Fig. 1). 생산력검정 예비시험 및 2년간의 생산력검정시험에서 재배 적 특성이 양호하고 적색색소가 양호하며 항산화성이 높은 YR19646-3-2-1-1-2-2계통을 선발하여 ‘밀양234호’의 계통명 을 부여하였다. 2007, 2009, 및 2010년 3년의 지역적응시험 결과 재배안전성 및 기능성이 인정되어 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선정되었다. ‘건강홍미’는 지역적 응시험결과 남부 및 중부평야지 1모작지에 적응성이 높으며 현미의 색이 적색인 중만생 품종으로서, 폴리페놀 및 감마오리자 놀 등 항산화활성이 높은 기능성물질의 함량이 높아 노화방지, 고지혈증 등의 대사증후군을 예방하고 개선시키는 기능성 벼 품종으로 활용이 가능한 품종이다 (Fig 2).
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
KJBS-49-23_F1.gif
Fig. 2
Plant type at maturing stage and brown rice grain shape of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
KJBS-49-23_F2.gif
출수기 및 주요 농업적 특성
‘건강홍미’의 출수기는 중부 및 남부평야지 보통기 재배에서 3개년 평균이 8월 19일로 ‘남평벼’보다 5일 늦은 중만생종의 생태형을 나타냈다 (Table 1). ‘건강홍미’의 간장은 81cm로 ‘남평벼’보다 9cm정도 더 길었다. 이삭길이는 20cm로 ‘남평벼’ 보다 2cm정도 길고 주당수수는 ‘남평벼’보다 3개정도 많았으나 수당립수는 86개로 ‘남평벼’보다 적었다. 등숙률은 83.8%로 ‘남평벼’보다 낮았고 현미 천립중 또한 19.8g으로 약간 가벼웠다 (Table 2).
Table 1
Heading date of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 1
Location Heading date Transplanting date
Geonganghongmi Nampyeongbyeo
Middle plain area Aug. 21 Aug. 11z May 30
Yeongnam plain area Aug. 20 Aug. 19 May 30
Honam plain area Aug. 18 Aug. 16 May 30
Mean Aug. 19* Aug. 14 -

zHwaseongbyeo

*significant at P < 0.05.

Table 2
Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 2
Cultivar Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles /hill No. of spikelets /panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) Brown rice 1000 grain weight(g)
Geonganghongmi 81** 20* 16* 86** 83.8* 19.8*
Nampyeongbyeo 72 18 13 106 88.7 21.0

*significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

**significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

생리장해 및 도복 저항성
‘건강홍미’의 성숙기 하위엽의 노화는 ‘남평벼’와 비슷하고, 저온발아성 (98%)과 수발아율 (67.9%)은 ‘남평벼’보다 높았다. 내냉성 검정결과 출수 지연일수는 3일정도 짧지만 냉수구 임실 율은 ‘남평벼’에 비해 조금 낮았다 (Table 3). 도복관련 특성에서 ‘남평벼’에 비해 3절 간장이 길고 도복지수가 높은 등 도복에는 약한 편이었다 (Table 4).
Table 3
Reaction to the environmental and physiological stress of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 3
Cultivar Low tem. germinability (13°C 15DAS, %) Appearance of wilting Adult leaf senescence Viviparous germinationz (%) Cold tolerancey
Seedling stage (0-9) Heading delay (days) Grain fertility (%)
Geonganghongmi 98* Resistant Slow 67.9** 7 13 31.7ns
Nampyeongbyeo 84 Resistant Slow 4.2 6 16 38.7

zGermination rate under water saturated incubation(25°C) for 7 days on the panicle at 40 days after pollination.

yCold tolerance was evaluated at cold-water(17°C) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS.

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * and ** significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

Table 4
Lodging tolerance of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 4
Cultivar Plant heightz (cm) Length of 3rd internode (cm) Breaking weight of 3rd internode (g) Lodging index Field lodging (1-9)
Geonganghongmi 106* 14.0* 462* 341* 3
Nampyeongbyeo 103 12.8 571 268 1

zCulm length + Panicle length

*significant at P < 0.05.

병충해 저항성
‘건강홍미’의 잎도열병 밭못자리 검정에서는 전국 평균 저항 성 정도가 2.7로 저항성 반응을 나타냈고, 목도열병 포장검정에 서 ‘남평벼’보다 발병 정도가 경미했다 (Table 5, Table 6). 줄무늬잎마름병에는 저항성이나 흰잎마름병, 기타 바이러스병 및 해충에 대한 저항성은 없었다 (Table 7, Table 8).
Table 5
Reaction to leaf and panicle blast of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 5
Cultivar Leaf blast nursery (N : 24kg/10a) Panicle blast field nursery (N : 22kg/10a)
No. of tested site(14)
Rz (0~3) M (4~6) S (7~9) Avg. Diseased panicley (%)
Icheon Jecheon Yaesan Miryang
Geonganghongmi 11 3 0 2.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nampyeongbyeo 3 9 2 4.9 0.7 0.7 4.2 16.8

zR : Resistant, M : Moderate, S : Susceptible.

yMaximum infection ratio

Table 6
Reaction of durable resistance to leaf blast of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 6
Cultivar Percentage of diseased leaf area Based on sequential seeding (%) Durable resistance index No. of virulence isolate
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Geonganghongmi 30.0 35.0 30.0 40.0 40.0 30.0 40.0 4 11
Nampyeongbyeo 40.0 50.0 45.0 50.0 40.0 50.0 40.0 7 7
Table 7
Reaction to bacterial blight and virus diseases of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 7
Cultivar Bacterial blight Virus disease
K1 K2 K3 K3a Stripe Dwarf Black streaked dwarf
Geonganghongmi Sz S S S R S S
Nampyeongbyeo S S S S R R S

zR : Resistant, S : Susceptible

Table 8
Resistance to major insects of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 8
Cultivar Brown planthopper Small brown planthopper
Geonganghongmi Sz S
Nampyeongbyeo S S

zR : Resistant, S : Susceptible

품질 및 기능성 물질 함량
‘건강홍미’의 현미의 장폭비는 1.78로 ‘남평벼’와 비슷한 단립 형이며, 알칼리 붕괴도와 아밀로스 함량은 ‘남평벼’와 비슷하고, 단백질 함량은 1.1% 높았다 (Table 9, Table 10). ‘건강홍미’는 기존의 붉은색 품종인 ‘적진주벼’에 비하여 총폴리페놀은 40%, 감마오리자놀은 10%가 더 들어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 추출물 의 항산화 활성을 검정한 결과 ‘건강홍미’가 77.2%로 ‘적진주벼’ 에 비해 약 18% 더 높은 활성을 나타냈다 (Fig. 3, Fig 4, NICS 2010, Seo et al. 2013).
Table 9
Milling property and grain quality of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 9
Cultivar Miling propertiesa Brown rice Translucency (1-9) WC/ WB (0-9)
BR (%) MB (%) MRH (%) HR (%) Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) L/W Ratio
Geonganghongmi 82.3ns - - - 5.09* 2.85ns 1.80 ns 1.78 ns 9 -
Nampyeongbyeo 82.5 88.7 73.2 91.3 4.88 2.80 1.89 1.74 1 1/0

zBR : Brown/rough rice ratio, MB : Milled/brown rice ratio

MRH : Milling recovery of head rice, HR : Head rice ratio of milled rice

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * significant at P < 0.05.

Table 10
Physicochemical properties ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 10
Cultivar Amylose (%) Protein (%) Alkali digestion value (1-7)
Geonganghongmi 19.8 ns 7.7 * 6.7
Nampyeongbyeo 19.7 6.6 6.5

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * significant at P < 0.05.

Fig. 3
Contents of total phenolic andγ-oryzanol in ‘Geonganghongmi’.
* Bar means standard deviation (n=3)
KJBS-49-23_F3.gif
Fig. 4
Antioxidants (Brown rice) effects of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
* Bar means standard deviation (n=3)
KJBS-49-23_F4.gif
수량성
‘건강홍미’의 수량성은 2007, 2009, 및 2010년 3개년간 실시 한 지역적응시험 보통기 재배에서 쌀수량 4.5MT/ha로 ‘남평벼’ 보다 14% 감수되었으나 특수미 비교품종인 ‘적진주벼’에 비해 서는 2% 증수하였다 (Table 11, Table 12).
Table 11
Summarized results of local adaptability test of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 11
Region No. of tested sites Nampyeongbyeo (MT/ha) Milled rice of Geonganghongmi (MT/ha)
‘07 ‘09 ‘10 Mean Index(A/B) Range
Middle plain 3 5.14(4.72) z 3.00 5.29 3.93 4.60 88(104) 3.61~5.67
Yeongam plain 1 5.27(4.18) 3.67 4.13 4.21 4.00 77( 91) 3.67~4.21
Honam plain 3 5.29(4.08) 4.46 5.21 4.16 4.61 88(104) 3.61~5.54
Average 7 5.22(4.41) 4.34 5.09 4.07 4.50 86(102)

z( ) : Jeogjinjubyeo

Table 12
Results of local adaptability test of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 12
Culture season Region Location Geonganghongmi Nampyeongbyeo
Heading date Milled rice(MT/ha) Index(A/B) Milled rice(MT/ha)
2007 2009 2010 Avg. 2007 2009 2010 Avg. 2007 2009 2010 Avg. 2007 2009 2010 Avg.
Ordinary- planting (Standard fertilizer level) Middle plain Suwon 8.22 8.20 8.27 8.23 4.79 5.67 3.61 4.69 97 90 81 89 [4.93] [6.28] [4.48] [5.23]
Hwaseong - 8.20 8.24 8.22 - 5.48 4.10 4.79 - 97 86 92 - [5.67] [4.76] [5.22]
Cheongwon 8.17 8.19 8.15 8.17 4.20 4.71 4.07 4.33 87 85 89 87 [4.84] [5.53] [4.56] [4.98]
Avg. 8.20 8.20 8.22 8.21 3.00 5.29 3.93 4.60 92 91 85 89 [3.26] [5.83] [4.60] [5.14]
Yeongnam plain area Miryang 8.19 8.23 8.20 8.20 3.67 4.13 4.21 4.00 73 71 85 76 5.05 5.83 4.93 5.27
Honam plain area Iri 8.18 8.19 8.18 8.18 4.34 4.97 3.61 4.31 81 85 79 82 5.36 5.84 4.59 5.26
Yesan 8.18 8.19 8.16 8.17 4.67 5.54 4.61 4.94 90 100 96 95 5.20 5.54 4.80 5.18
Naju 8.17 8.17 8.16 8.16 4.38 5.11 4.26 4.58 80 91 82 84 5.48 5.60 5.19 5.42
Avg. 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 4.46 5.21 4.16 4.61 84 92 86 87 5.35 5.66 4.86 5.29
Mean 8.19 8.20 8.19 8.19 4.34 5.09 4.07 4.50 85 88 85 86 5.14 5.76 4.76 5.22
적응지역 및 재배상 유의점
‘건강홍미’는 중만생종 품종으로 적기에 모내기를 실시하여 야 하며, 냉수용출답 등 출수지연이 우려되는 지역은 재배를 피해야 한다. 도열병 및 줄무늬잎마름병을 제외한 흰잎마름병, 기타 바이러스 및 벼멸구에는 약하므로 적기 기본방제를 하여야 한다. 질소질 비료 과용 시 출수지연, 등숙불량이 우려되므로 적정 균형시비 해야 한다.
기능성 유색미에 대한 소비자 요구에 따라 흑미계통인 ‘밀양 152호’에 유리당 함량이 높은 유전자원인 ‘sugary’를 교배한 후 기능성 성분을 높이고자 ‘sugary’로 여교배한 다음 계통육종 법으로 육성한 ‘건강홍미’의 주요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘건강홍미’의 출수기는 중부 및 남부평야지 보통기 재배에서 3개년 평균 8월 19일로 ‘남평벼’에 비해 5일 늦은 중만생종이다. 간장은 81cm로 ‘남평벼’보다 9cm 정도 더 큰편이며, 이삭은 길이가 20cm로 ‘남평벼’보다 2cm 정도 약간 길고 주당수수는 ‘남평벼’ 3개 정도 많았으나 수당립수는 86개로 ‘남평벼’보다 적었다. 등숙률은 83.8%로 ‘남평벼’보다 낮고 현미 천립중은 19.8g으로 약간 가벼웠다. ‘건강홍미’의 냉수구 출수지연일수는 남평벼 대비 3일정도 짧지만 저온발아성 (98%)과 수발아율 (67.9%)은 ‘남평벼’보다 높았고 도복에는 약한 편이었다. ‘건강 홍미’는 잎도열병 밭못자리 검정에서는 2.7로 저항성 반응을 나타냈고, 줄무늬잎마름병에는 저항성이나 흰잎마름병, 바이러 스병 및 기타 해충에는 감수성이었다. ‘건강홍미’의 쌀수량은 4.5MT/ha로 ‘남평벼’보다 14% 감수되었으나 ‘적진주벼’에 비 해서는 2% 증수하였다. ‘건강홍미’는 70%에탄올 추출조건에서 ‘적진주벼’에 비해 폴리페놀 함량이 높았으며 추출된 풀리페놀 을 이용한 항산화 활성검정에서도 ‘적진주벼’보다 높은 활성을 나타냈다.
본 ‘건강홍미’품종은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(세부과제명: 건강 증진 기능성 벼 품종개발, 세부과제번호: PJ01026801)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임. 본 ‘건강홍미’를 육성함에 있어 협력하여 주신 국립식량과학원 소속의 벼 육종연구진, 농촌진흥청 연구정 책국, 기술지원국 및 각도 농업기술원 관계관께 깊은 감사를 드리는 바이다.
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Antioxidant Functional and Red Pericarp Rice ‘Geonganghongmi’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(1):23-30.   Published online March 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2017.49.1.23
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Antioxidant Functional and Red Pericarp Rice ‘Geonganghongmi’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(1):23-30.   Published online March 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2017.49.1.23
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Antioxidant Functional and Red Pericarp Rice ‘Geonganghongmi’
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Fig. 2 Plant type at maturing stage and brown rice grain shape of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Fig. 3 Contents of total phenolic andγ-oryzanol in ‘Geonganghongmi’. * Bar means standard deviation (n=3)
Fig. 4 Antioxidants (Brown rice) effects of ‘Geonganghongmi’. * Bar means standard deviation (n=3)

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Antioxidant Functional and Red Pericarp Rice ‘Geonganghongmi’

Heading date of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Location Heading date Transplanting date
Geonganghongmi Nampyeongbyeo
Middle plain area Aug. 21 Aug. 11z May 30
Yeongnam plain area Aug. 20 Aug. 19 May 30
Honam plain area Aug. 18 Aug. 16 May 30
Mean Aug. 19* Aug. 14 -

zHwaseongbyeo

*significant at P < 0.05.

Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles /hill No. of spikelets /panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) Brown rice 1000 grain weight(g)
Geonganghongmi 81** 20* 16* 86** 83.8* 19.8*
Nampyeongbyeo 72 18 13 106 88.7 21.0

*significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

**significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

Reaction to the environmental and physiological stress of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Low tem. germinability (13°C 15DAS, %) Appearance of wilting Adult leaf senescence Viviparous germinationz (%) Cold tolerancey
Seedling stage (0-9) Heading delay (days) Grain fertility (%)
Geonganghongmi 98* Resistant Slow 67.9** 7 13 31.7ns
Nampyeongbyeo 84 Resistant Slow 4.2 6 16 38.7

zGermination rate under water saturated incubation(25°C) for 7 days on the panicle at 40 days after pollination.

yCold tolerance was evaluated at cold-water(17°C) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS.

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * and ** significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

Lodging tolerance of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Plant heightz (cm) Length of 3rd internode (cm) Breaking weight of 3rd internode (g) Lodging index Field lodging (1-9)
Geonganghongmi 106* 14.0* 462* 341* 3
Nampyeongbyeo 103 12.8 571 268 1

zCulm length + Panicle length

*significant at P < 0.05.

Reaction to leaf and panicle blast of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Leaf blast nursery (N : 24kg/10a) Panicle blast field nursery (N : 22kg/10a)
No. of tested site(14)
Rz (0~3) M (4~6) S (7~9) Avg. Diseased panicley (%)
Icheon Jecheon Yaesan Miryang
Geonganghongmi 11 3 0 2.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nampyeongbyeo 3 9 2 4.9 0.7 0.7 4.2 16.8

zR : Resistant, M : Moderate, S : Susceptible.

yMaximum infection ratio

Reaction of durable resistance to leaf blast of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Percentage of diseased leaf area Based on sequential seeding (%) Durable resistance index No. of virulence isolate
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Geonganghongmi 30.0 35.0 30.0 40.0 40.0 30.0 40.0 4 11
Nampyeongbyeo 40.0 50.0 45.0 50.0 40.0 50.0 40.0 7 7

Reaction to bacterial blight and virus diseases of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Bacterial blight Virus disease
K1 K2 K3 K3a Stripe Dwarf Black streaked dwarf
Geonganghongmi Sz S S S R S S
Nampyeongbyeo S S S S R R S

zR : Resistant, S : Susceptible

Resistance to major insects of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Brown planthopper Small brown planthopper
Geonganghongmi Sz S
Nampyeongbyeo S S

zR : Resistant, S : Susceptible

Milling property and grain quality of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Miling propertiesa Brown rice Translucency (1-9) WC/ WB (0-9)
BR (%) MB (%) MRH (%) HR (%) Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) L/W Ratio
Geonganghongmi 82.3ns - - - 5.09* 2.85ns 1.80 ns 1.78 ns 9 -
Nampyeongbyeo 82.5 88.7 73.2 91.3 4.88 2.80 1.89 1.74 1 1/0

zBR : Brown/rough rice ratio, MB : Milled/brown rice ratio

MRH : Milling recovery of head rice, HR : Head rice ratio of milled rice

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * significant at P < 0.05.

Physicochemical properties ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Cultivar Amylose (%) Protein (%) Alkali digestion value (1-7)
Geonganghongmi 19.8 ns 7.7 * 6.7
Nampyeongbyeo 19.7 6.6 6.5

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * significant at P < 0.05.

Summarized results of local adaptability test of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Region No. of tested sites Nampyeongbyeo (MT/ha) Milled rice of Geonganghongmi (MT/ha)
‘07 ‘09 ‘10 Mean Index(A/B) Range
Middle plain 3 5.14(4.72) z 3.00 5.29 3.93 4.60 88(104) 3.61~5.67
Yeongam plain 1 5.27(4.18) 3.67 4.13 4.21 4.00 77( 91) 3.67~4.21
Honam plain 3 5.29(4.08) 4.46 5.21 4.16 4.61 88(104) 3.61~5.54
Average 7 5.22(4.41) 4.34 5.09 4.07 4.50 86(102)

z( ) : Jeogjinjubyeo

Results of local adaptability test of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Culture season Region Location Geonganghongmi Nampyeongbyeo
Heading date Milled rice(MT/ha) Index(A/B) Milled rice(MT/ha)
2007 2009 2010 Avg. 2007 2009 2010 Avg. 2007 2009 2010 Avg. 2007 2009 2010 Avg.
Ordinary- planting (Standard fertilizer level) Middle plain Suwon 8.22 8.20 8.27 8.23 4.79 5.67 3.61 4.69 97 90 81 89 [4.93] [6.28] [4.48] [5.23]
Hwaseong - 8.20 8.24 8.22 - 5.48 4.10 4.79 - 97 86 92 - [5.67] [4.76] [5.22]
Cheongwon 8.17 8.19 8.15 8.17 4.20 4.71 4.07 4.33 87 85 89 87 [4.84] [5.53] [4.56] [4.98]
Avg. 8.20 8.20 8.22 8.21 3.00 5.29 3.93 4.60 92 91 85 89 [3.26] [5.83] [4.60] [5.14]
Yeongnam plain area Miryang 8.19 8.23 8.20 8.20 3.67 4.13 4.21 4.00 73 71 85 76 5.05 5.83 4.93 5.27
Honam plain area Iri 8.18 8.19 8.18 8.18 4.34 4.97 3.61 4.31 81 85 79 82 5.36 5.84 4.59 5.26
Yesan 8.18 8.19 8.16 8.17 4.67 5.54 4.61 4.94 90 100 96 95 5.20 5.54 4.80 5.18
Naju 8.17 8.17 8.16 8.16 4.38 5.11 4.26 4.58 80 91 82 84 5.48 5.60 5.19 5.42
Avg. 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 4.46 5.21 4.16 4.61 84 92 86 87 5.35 5.66 4.86 5.29
Mean 8.19 8.20 8.19 8.19 4.34 5.09 4.07 4.50 85 88 85 86 5.14 5.76 4.76 5.22
Table 1 Heading date of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Hwaseongbyeo

significant at P < 0.05.

Table 2 Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

Table 3 Reaction to the environmental and physiological stress of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Germination rate under water saturated incubation(25°C) for 7 days on the panicle at 40 days after pollination.

Cold tolerance was evaluated at cold-water(17°C) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS.

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * and ** significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

Table 4 Lodging tolerance of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Culm length + Panicle length

significant at P < 0.05.

Table 5 Reaction to leaf and panicle blast of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

R : Resistant, M : Moderate, S : Susceptible.

Maximum infection ratio

Table 6 Reaction of durable resistance to leaf blast of ‘Geonganghongmi’.
Table 7 Reaction to bacterial blight and virus diseases of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

R : Resistant, S : Susceptible

Table 8 Resistance to major insects of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

R : Resistant, S : Susceptible

Table 9 Milling property and grain quality of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

BR : Brown/rough rice ratio, MB : Milled/brown rice ratio

MRH : Milling recovery of head rice, HR : Head rice ratio of milled rice

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * significant at P < 0.05.

Table 10 Physicochemical properties ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Not significant(ns) in the t-test, * significant at P < 0.05.

Table 11 Summarized results of local adaptability test of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

( ) : Jeogjinjubyeo

Table 12 Results of local adaptability test of ‘Geonganghongmi’.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

Table 11

Table 12

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