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내병 다수성 지황 ‘토강’

A disease resistance and high yielding Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. ex Steud. cultivar ‘Tokang’

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2017;49(1):36-40.
Published online: February 28, 2017

1 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원

1 Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea

2 충청남도농업기술원

2 Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Geumsan 32723, Korea

3 전라북도농업기술원

3 Jeonbuk Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jinan 55440, Korea

4 경상북도농업기술원

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*Corresponding Author (pcg@korea.kr), +82-43-871-5611, +82-43-871-5569
• Received: September 28, 2016   • Accepted: December 19, 2016

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  • A new Rehmannia glutinosa cultivar ‘Tokang’ was derived from ‘Jihwang 1’ seedlings by medicinal crop breeding team of National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, RDA in 2009. It has pink flower, dark brown seed coat, light yellow root cortex. The plant type was some rising from the ground. The content of catalpol and extract were higher than the ‘Jihwang 1’(check variety). The content of catalpol was 4.55% and the extract was 71.2%. It showed stronger resistance to root rot compare with the ‘Jihwang 1’. The regional yield trials were conducted at three different locations from 2007 to 2009. The average yield of ‘Tokang’ was 21.1ton/ha, which was 12% more than the ‘Jihwang 1’. This cultivar is adaptable to the whole of Korea except for mountain areas. (Registration No. 4725)
현삼과(Scrophulariaceae)에 속하는 지황(Rehmannia glutinosa) 은 우리나라를 비롯한 일본, 중국, 베트남 등지에 분포하는 다년 생 숙근초로 국내에서는 생약재로 많이 이용되고 있는 약용작물 이다(Jeong et al. 2004). 우리나라에서 지황의 재배면적은 ‘89년 에 392ha까지 이르렀으나, 그 후로 점차 감소하다 다시 늘기 시작하여 현재는 325ha 내외에서 머무르고 있으며(MIFAFF 2012), 수입량은 해마다 증가하고 있는 추세로 매년 2,000 M/T 이상을 약재 및 식품용으로 수입하고 있다. 국내에서 지황은 전북 정읍, 충남 금산, 경북 안동 등지에서 많이 재배되고 있다.
지황의 뿌리는 한약재로 이용되는데, 용도에 따라 생지황(生 地黃), 건지황(乾地黃) 및 숙지황(熟地黃)으로 구분된다. 한방에 서 생지황은 혈열(血熱)을 식히는 청열양혈(晴熱養血)작용과 진액을 생성하고 갈증을 없애는 생진(生津), 지갈(止渴)작용이 있다. 건지황은 음기를 보하는 보음작용과 혈을 생성케 하는 양혈(養血)작용, 혈열을 식히는 양혈(凉血)작용이 있으며, 숙지 황은 혈을 북돋우는 보혈작용과 음기를 기르는 자음(滋陰)작용, 정액과 척수를 보하는 보정익수(補精益髓)작용이 있다(Tang & Eisenbrand 1992, Zhang et al. 2008, An & Chung 2014). 지황은 전통적으로 당귀지황탕(當歸地黃湯), 사물탕(四物湯), 육미지황환(六味地黃丸), 십전대보탕(十全大補湯), 팔미지황환 (八味地黃丸), 쌍화탕(雙和湯) 등의 처방에 사용되며(Kim et al. 1996, Ma et al. 2000), 특히 십전대보탕에 대한 최근의 연구결과를 보면 각종 면역세포의 부활에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려졌다(Choi et al. 2014). 지황의 주요 성분으로는 catalpol, rehmanin, carotene, β-sitosterol, 5-HMF, 비타민 A 및 glucose 를 비롯한 당류 등이 알려져 있다(Morota et al. 1989, Park et al. 1989). 지황의 뿌리는 건조시키더라도 glucose, mannitol 등의 당류가 많아 육질은 유연하며 점성이 있어 분말화가 어려운 특성이 있다. 생지황의 약효성분은 iridoid 배당체인 catalpol이 며 이 물질은 이뇨작용과 사하작용 등의 생리활성을 나타낸다.
지황은 1990년대부터 품종육성이 시작되어 현재까지 고려, 고강 등의 품종이 육성되어 있으나(Kim et al. 2002, Kim et al. 2008), 육종가와 농민이 원하는 고품질․내병성 품종의 육성은 미진한 실정이다. 국립원예특작과학원 약용작물 육종 연구진은 이를 해결하고자 노력을 기울인 결과 고품질, 내병성 지황 품종인 ‘토강’을 육성하였고 품종보호출원을 완료하였기에 그 결과를 보고하는 바이다.
본 시험은 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년간 수원 등3개 지역에 서 수행하였으며, 생육 특성과 수량성을 ‘지황1호’와 비교하였 다. 시비량은 N-P2O5-K2O 160-140-200㎏/ha, 퇴비는 30ton/ha 를 전량 기비로 시용하였다. 파종은 4월 중순에 하였고, 재식 거리는 조간거리30㎝, 주간거리 15㎝로 하였으며, 시험구는 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 기타 재배법은 농촌진흥청 지황 표준재배법에 준하였고, 생육특성 및 수량성 조사는 농촌진흥청 시험연구 조사기준에 준하여 실시하였다. 뿌리썩음병 검정은 병해를 방제하지 않은 포장에서 자연발생을 유도하여 이병정도 (0~9)를 수확기인 10월 하순에서 11월 상순에 조사하였고, 조사 기준은 지황 신품종 개발사업 과제 수행계획서 조사기준에 준하 여 실시하였다.
지황의 주요성분인 Catalpol 분석은 표준품인 catalpol (sigma-Aldrich, USA)을 구입하여 사용하였고, 표준액은 1mg 의 catalpol을 1mL의 methanol에 용해하여 사용하였다. 검액은 1g의 건조 지황을 100mL의 30% methanol에 용해하여 초음파 추출한 후, syringe filter (0.45㎛)로 여과하여 사용하였다. 분석 은 Agilent 1100 Series HPLC System (Agilent Tech., USA)을 이용하였고, column은 Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm, Agilent Tech., USA)을 이용하였다. 분석조건은 Table 1과 같다.
Table 1
Experimental conditions of HPLC.
Table 1
LC condition

Column oven 30°C
Flow rate 0.5 mL/min
Injection 10μL
Mobile phase A: water, B: acetonitrile
Gradient: B(3~90%)
Course : 0-13min, 3-90%B; 13-19min, 90%B; 19-25min, 90-3%B
실험결과는 SAS Enterprise Guide 4.2 (Statistical analysis system, 2009, Cray, NC, USA)로 분석하였고, 시료간의 유의적 인 차이는 Duncan’s multiple range test로 유의수준 5%(p<0.05) 에서 검증하였다.
육성경위
‘토강’은 ‘지황1호’ 실생집단에서 내병 다수성 지황 개체를 선발, 증식을 거친 후 2005~2006년 생산력 검정시험을 실시하였 다. 그 결과 고품질이면서 병해에 강하고 수량성이 높은 RG1S03-5를 수원 12호로 계통명을 부여한 후, 2007~2009년까 지 3년간 수원 등 3지역에서 지황 표준재배법에 준하여 지역적응 시험을 실시한 결과(농촌진흥청 2007~2009) 우수성이 인정되 어 2009년 12월 직무육성 품종심의회를 거쳐 ‘토강’으로 명명하 여 2010년 신품종으로 등록하게 되었다(Fig. 1). 또한 2011년 품종보호출원을 실시하여 현재 품종보호권 등록이 완료되었다 (품종등록번호 4725).
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of cv.‘Tokang’
*PYT (Preliminary yield trial), AYT (Advanced yield trial).
KJBS-49-36_F1.gif
고유특성
‘토강’은 지면으로부터 약간 솟은 형태를 나타내며, 생육중기 완전 전개된 잎 중 어린잎들의 색깔은 안토시아닌 색소를 거의 띠지 않아 ‘지황 1호’와 구별된다. 또한 뿌리의 색은 ‘지황1호’가 황색인데 비해 ‘토강’은 연황색을 띤다. 그 밖의 특성은 ‘지황 1호’와 비슷하다(Table 2).
Table 2
Inherent characteristics of cv. ‘Tokang’.
Table 2
Variety Plant type Leaf colory Flower color Seed coat color Root cortex color

Tokang some risingz very pale pink dark brown light yellow
Jihwang1 some risingz medium pink dark brown yellow

zFrom the ground.

yAnthocyanin coloration of abaxial leaf surface at the mid-growth stage.

가변특성 및 병저항성
‘토강’의 지상부는 ‘지황1호’에 비하여 잎이 길이가 길고, 잎의 수가 많은 특성을 보이며, 지하부는 뿌리가 굵고 근수가 많은 특성을 보인다. ‘토강’은 뿌리썩음병에 대한 저항성이 ‘지황 1’호에 비하여 강한데 이 때문에 안정성이 높은 품종이라 생각된 다. 그 이유는 뿌리 작물인 지황의 경우 뿌리썩음병이 가장 큰 병해이며, 발병 시에 확실한 방제 방법이 아직까지 없기 때문이 다. 이로 인해 수확 시에 발병된 뿌리는 전량 폐기하고 있으며, 이는 생산량 감소로 이어지고 있다(Table 3).
Table 3
Agronomic characteristics of cv. ‘Tokang’.
Table 3
Variety Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) No. of Leaf per plant Root length (cm) Roort diameter (mm) No. of roots Disease injurryz (0~9)

Tokang 27.3a 9.4a 21.5a 24.0a 17.3a 7.3a 2.0a
Jihwang1 25.0b 9.0a 20.0b 23.0a 15.6b 6.8b 3.6b

zRoots rot : 0; None, 1; under 5%, 3; 10~20%, 5; 30~40%, 7; 50~60%, 9; over 70%.

*The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT

수량성
‘토강’은 2007~2009년까지 3년간 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 수원 등 3지역에서 모두 증수되는 것으로 나타났고, 3개 지역의 ha당 평균 수량은 21.1ton으로 ‘지황1호’ 대비 12% 증수하였다 (Table 4). 증수 요인으로는 근경이 굵고, 근수가 많은 품종의 특성과 수확기에 문제가 되는 뿌리썩음병에 대한 저항성의 증가 로 인한 안정적인 수확이 가능하였기 때문으로 생각된다.
Table 4
Yields of ‘Tokang’ in regional yield trial from 2007 to 2009.
Table 4
Year Root yieldz(Ton/ha) Index (B/A)

Jihwang 1(A) Tokang(B)

2007 17.5 20.4 116
2008 15.7 18.1 115
2009 23.7 24.9 105

Average 18.9b 21.1a 112

zThe average yields of Suwon, Uiseong and Naju.

*The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT

품질특성
지황의 주요성분인 catalpol 함량은 4.55%로 대비품종인 ‘지 황1호’에 비하여 많은 것으로 나타났다(Table 5). Catalpol은 지황의 품질 관리를 위한 지표물질로도 이용되고 있어(Oshio et al. 1984) 신품종 ‘토강’의 육성 의의는 작지 않다 할 수 있다. 또한 엑스 함량도 71.2%로 ‘지황 1호’에 비하여 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 건근율은 18.5%로 ‘지황 1호’에 비해 근소하게 낮은 것으로 나타났는데, 이를 토대로 판단해 볼 때 ‘토강’은 건지황의 용도보다는 생지황이나 숙지황 용도로 활용 하는 것이 더 적합할 것으로 생각된다.
Table 5
Catalpol and extract content of cv. ‘Tokang’.
Table 5
Variety Rate of dried root (%) Catalpolz (%) Extracty (%)

Tokang 18.5a 4.55a 71.2a
Jihwang1 19.3a 3.47b 66.4b

zCatalpol and extract content of dry matter.

yExtract by 50% ethanol.

*The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT

적응지역 및 재배상의 유의점
지황 신품종 ‘토강’의 적응지역은 중북부 산간 고랭지를 제외 한 전국의 지역에서 가능하나, 비교적 온난하고 햇빛이 잘 들며 통풍이 잘되는 곳이 좋다. 재배지로는 토심이 깊고 물 빠짐이 좋은 곳이 적합하며, 토질은 사양토로 유기물 함량이 많은 곳이 좋다. 배수가 불량한 곳에서는 뿌리썩음병 발생이 많아지며, 이어짓기를 하게 되면 병해 발생이 많아지므로 돌려짓기를 하는 것이 좋다.
‘토강’은 고품질 내병 다수성 지황 개발을 목표로 ‘지황1호’ 실생 집단에서 우량 개체를 선발, 증식을 거친 후 2005~2006년 생산력 검정시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 고품질이면서 병해에 강하고 수량성이 높은 RG1S03-5를 수원 12호로 계통명을 부여 한 후, 2007~2009년까지 3년간 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 우수성이 인정되어 2009년 12월 직무육성 품종 심의회를 거쳐 ‘토강’으로 명명하였다. 2011년 품종보호권을 출원하여 2013년 등록되었다. 토강의 초형은 지면에서 약간 솟아오르는 형태를 나타내며, 생육중기 완전 전개된 잎 중 가장 어린잎들의 색깔은 안토시아닌 색소를 거의 띠지 않아 대비품종과 구별된다. ‘토강’ 은 지황 1호에 비하여 잎이 크고 많으며, 뿌리가 굵고 많다. 또한 뿌리썩음병에 대한 저항성도 비교적 강하며, 3년간 실시한 지역적응시험결과 1ha 당 평균 수량은 21.1ton로 ‘지황1호’ 대비 12% 증수하였다. ‘토강’은 지황의 주요성분인 catalpol과 엑스 함량이 ‘지황1호’에 비하여 많게 나타났다(품종등록번호 4725).
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 지황 신품종 육성 및 재배기술 연구 과제 (사업번호: PJ010292022015)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 결 과로 이에 감사드립니다.
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A disease resistance and high yielding Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. ex Steud. cultivar ‘Tokang’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(1):36-40.   Published online March 1, 2017
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A disease resistance and high yielding Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. ex Steud. cultivar ‘Tokang’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(1):36-40.   Published online March 1, 2017
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A disease resistance and high yielding Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. ex Steud. cultivar ‘Tokang’
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Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of cv.‘Tokang’ *PYT (Preliminary yield trial), AYT (Advanced yield trial).
A disease resistance and high yielding Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. ex Steud. cultivar ‘Tokang’

Experimental conditions of HPLC.

LC condition

Column oven 30°C
Flow rate 0.5 mL/min
Injection 10μL
Mobile phase A: water, B: acetonitrile
Gradient: B(3~90%)
Course : 0-13min, 3-90%B; 13-19min, 90%B; 19-25min, 90-3%B

Inherent characteristics of cv. ‘Tokang’.

Variety Plant type Leaf colory Flower color Seed coat color Root cortex color

Tokang some risingz very pale pink dark brown light yellow
Jihwang1 some risingz medium pink dark brown yellow

zFrom the ground.

yAnthocyanin coloration of abaxial leaf surface at the mid-growth stage.

Agronomic characteristics of cv. ‘Tokang’.

Variety Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) No. of Leaf per plant Root length (cm) Roort diameter (mm) No. of roots Disease injurryz (0~9)

Tokang 27.3a 9.4a 21.5a 24.0a 17.3a 7.3a 2.0a
Jihwang1 25.0b 9.0a 20.0b 23.0a 15.6b 6.8b 3.6b

zRoots rot : 0; None, 1; under 5%, 3; 10~20%, 5; 30~40%, 7; 50~60%, 9; over 70%.

*The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT

Yields of ‘Tokang’ in regional yield trial from 2007 to 2009.

Year Root yieldz(Ton/ha) Index (B/A)

Jihwang 1(A) Tokang(B)

2007 17.5 20.4 116
2008 15.7 18.1 115
2009 23.7 24.9 105

Average 18.9b 21.1a 112

zThe average yields of Suwon, Uiseong and Naju.

*The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT

Catalpol and extract content of cv. ‘Tokang’.

Variety Rate of dried root (%) Catalpolz (%) Extracty (%)

Tokang 18.5a 4.55a 71.2a
Jihwang1 19.3a 3.47b 66.4b

zCatalpol and extract content of dry matter.

yExtract by 50% ethanol.

*The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT

Table 1 Experimental conditions of HPLC.
Table 2 Inherent characteristics of cv. ‘Tokang’.

From the ground.

Anthocyanin coloration of abaxial leaf surface at the mid-growth stage.

Table 3 Agronomic characteristics of cv. ‘Tokang’.

Roots rot : 0; None, 1; under 5%, 3; 10~20%, 5; 30~40%, 7; 50~60%, 9; over 70%.

The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT

Table 4 Yields of ‘Tokang’ in regional yield trial from 2007 to 2009.

The average yields of Suwon, Uiseong and Naju.

The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT

Table 5 Catalpol and extract content of cv. ‘Tokang’.

Catalpol and extract content of dry matter.

Extract by 50% ethanol.

The same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT