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시중 중화면 제조 기계를 이용한 국산 밀 품종의 중화면 면대 특성 및 식미 평가

Characteristics of yellow alkaline noodles from Korean wheat cultivars with commercially used machines in Korean market

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2017;49(3):157-169.
Published online: August 31, 2017

1 국립식량과학원

1 National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Korea

2 전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 작물생명과학과

2 Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea

*Corresponding Author (pcs89@jbnu.ac.kr, +82-63-270-2533, +82-63-270-2640)
• Received: June 1, 2017   • Accepted: June 16, 2017

© Korean Society of Breeding Science. All rights reserved.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Characteristics of Sourdough Breads Baked Using Korean Bread Wheats
    Jin Hee Park, Chon-Sik Kang, Kyeong-Min Kim, Jinwoo Yang, Jae-Han Son, Chang-Hyen Choi, Han-Yong Jung, Ji-Young Son, Tae-Il Park, Kyeong-Hoon Kim
    Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2020; 52(4): 408.     CrossRef

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Characteristics of yellow alkaline noodles from Korean wheat cultivars with commercially used machines in Korean market
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(3):157-169.   Published online September 1, 2017
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Characteristics of yellow alkaline noodles from Korean wheat cultivars with commercially used machines in Korean market
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(3):157-169.   Published online September 1, 2017
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Characteristics of yellow alkaline noodles from Korean wheat cultivars with commercially used machines in Korean market
Image Image
Fig. 1 Korean noodle machine (A) manufactured by Mirae Enterprise, Korea and Japanese noodle machine (B) manufactured by Ohtake Noodle Machine Mfg., Japan.
Fig. 2 Noodle dough sheet and cooked noodles from Mirae noodle machine (A) and Othake noodle machine(B) with commercial flour for noodles.
Characteristics of yellow alkaline noodles from Korean wheat cultivars with commercially used machines in Korean market

Flour characteristics of Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

Flour Ash (%) Damaged Starch (%) Lightness Protein (%) SDSSedimentation Volume (mL) Mixograph

Water Absorption (%) Mixing Time (min)

Korean Wheat Cultivars
Baekjoong 0.47abz 6.86a 92.84fg 11.66bc 59.50d 60.50c 3.15cd
Goso 0.42ef 2.36f 94.38ab 10.79d 48.00e 58.67d 3.08cd
Joa 0.40g 3.21e 93.82cd 11.28cd 19.00j 60.00c 1.67f
Jojoong 0.40g 6.30bc 92.60gh 12.09b 43.50f 61.70c 3.23b
Jokyung 0.47ab 6.45b 93.49de 11.91bc 69.50c 61.17c 3.37ab
Joongmo2008 0.48a 3.08e 92.24h 16.44a 79.50a 65.67a 3.73a
Jopoom 0.44cd 2.23f 91.73i 11.48bcd 39.00hi 62.00c 2.60e
Keumkang 0.46bc 4.23d 93.17ef 12.14b 77.00b 63.00b 3.10cd
Suan 0.44de 6.02c 94.09bc 11.57bc 42.50fg 61.00c 2.77de
Uri 0.41fg 1.48g 94.66a 11.60bc 20.00j 56.00e 1.40f
Younbaek 0.43de 5.92c 92.76fg 11.20cd 41.00gh 61.33c 2.57e
Korean Wheat Flours with Different Protein Content
Keumkang I 0.42cy 5.383c 92.36a 10.17c 46.00c 62.00b 3.30c
Keumkang II 0.45b 5.79b 92.49a 12.61b 59.00b 65.00a 3.72b
Keumkang III 0.47a 6.16a 91.89b 15.71a 72.25c 66.00a 4.13a
Jokyung I 0.42b 5.71c 92.21a 8.27c 33.00c 57.00c 2.50c
Jokyung II 0.47a 6.03b 92.25a 10.21b 49.50b 59.00b 3.67b
Jokyung III 0.47a 6.23a 92.19a 12.26a 66.25a 63.00a 4.12a
Suan I 0.41b 5.46b 91.72a 8.88c 21.50c 59.00c 2.03c
Suan II 0.42b 5.67b 91.68a 11.07b 30.50b 62.00b 2.80b
Suan III 0.43a 6.07a 91.74a 13.21a 48.25a 64.00a 3.18a
Korean Wheat Flours with Different Amylose Content
Baekchal 0.47a 5.71b 93.01c 11.98a 51.25a 63.33a 2.77b
Hojoong 0.40c 2.45c 93.52b 11.60a 35.50c 58.33b 2.91b
Joongmo2012 0.42b 2.57c 94.09a 11.26a 45.00b 59.00b 4.03a
Shinmichal 1 0.43b 7.21a 93.66b 11.35a 30.50d 63.00a 2.73b
Commercial Flour for Noodles
Comx 0.43 6.50 94.48 11.67 37.50 62.33 5.01

zLeast significant difference (p=0.05). Differences between two means exceeding this value are significant

yValues followed by the same letters within each cultivar are not significantly different at p<0.05.

xCom = Commercial flour for making noodles.

Starch properties of Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different amylose content.

Flour Amylose (%) Amylograph

Peak Viscosity (BU) Holding Strength (BU) Final Viscosity (BU) Breakdown (BU) Setback (BU)

Korean Wheat Cultivars
Baekjoong 26.84cz 94.50d 66.50c 210.00d 28.00de 143.50e
Goso 28.86a 80.50ef 35.00e 192.50ef 45.50b 157.50d
Joa 27.98abc 84.00e 56.00d 203.00de 28.00de 147.00e
Jojoong 28.81a 112.00bc 75.50b 238.00c 26.00def 160.00d
Jokyung 27.53abc 77.00ef 52.50d 157.50g 24.50ef 105.00g
Joongmo2008 27.56abc 112.50b 66.00c 240.00c 26.50def 170.50c
Jopoom 28.67ab 114.00b 90.50a 306.50a 21.00f 186.00b
Keumkang 26.74c 77.00ef 42.00e 168.00g 35.00c 126.00f
Suan 27.10c 73.50f 42.00e 189.00f 31.50cd 147.00e
Uri 27.96abc 129.50a 73.50bc 276.50b 56.00a 203.00a
Younbaek 28.04abc 104.00c 71.50bc 205.00d 25.50def 143.00e
Korean Wheat Flours with Different Amylose Content
Baekchal 6.46b 651.00a 392.50a 448.00a 333.75b 135.75b
Hojoong 20.77a 164.50d 87.50d 325.50c 77.00c 238.00a
Joongmo2012 20.57a 203.50c 166.00b 376.00b 60.00c 233.50a
Shinmichal 1 6.15b 563.00b 131.67c 219.33d 430.67a 81.00c
Commercial Flour for Noodles
Comy 27.28 114.50 106.00 275.00 23.00 182.00

zLeast significant difference (p=0.05). Differences between two means exceeding this value are significant.

yCom = Commercial flour for making noodles.

Characteristics of noodle dough sheet of yellow alkaline noodles prepared from different noodle machine with Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

Flour Korean Noodle Machine Japanese Noodle Machine


Thickness Lightness Thickness Lightness

Korean Wheat Cultivars
Baekjoong 1.60gz 83.00a 1.65f 85.79a
Goso 1.80cd 81.63b 1.76d 81.07cd
Joa 1.79de 80.00d 1.77d 79.20f
Jojoong 1.77e 79.02ef 1.81c 77.82g
Jokyung 1.83bc 80.73c 1.87b 81.54bc
Joongmo2008 2.10a 79.40e 2.08a 78.18g
Jopoom 1.60g 78.67f 1.59g 77.16h
Keumkang 1.84b 81.99b 1.82c 80.97d
Suan 1.77e 80.61c 1.77d 79.40ef
Uri 1.47h 82.71c 1.56i 81.80b
Younbaek 1.70f 80.84a 1.67e 79.75e
Korean Wheat Flours with Different Protein Content
Keumkang I 1.66cy 82.84a 1.65c 82.37a
Keumkang II 1.77b 83.11a 1.77b 82.35a
Keumkang III 1.84a 82.78a 1.80a 81.84b
Jokyung I 1.53c 83.50a 1.50c 82.61a
Jokyung II 1.64b 83.34a 1.64b 82.38a
Jokyung III 1.77a 82.96a 1.73a 82.95a
Suan I 1.65c 82.84a 1.66c 81.76a
Suan II 1.71b 82.60a 1.68b 81.71a
Suan III 1.77a 82.58a 1.72a 82.05a
Korean Wheat Flours with Different Amylose Content
Baekchal 1.74a 81.31b 1.68b 81.80a
Hojoong 1.62b 83.50a 1.62c 81.18b
Joongmo2012 1.76a 81.61b 1.79a 80.50c
Shinmichal 1 1.65b 78.47c 1.57d 78.47d
Commercial Flour for Noodles
Comx 1.80 84.67 1.82 84.74

zLeast significant difference (p=0.05). Differences between two means exceeding this value are significant.

yValues followed by the same letters within each cultivar are not significantly different at p<0.05.

xCom = Commercial flour for making noodles.

Coefficients of correlation between flour characteristics and properties of noodle dough sheet of yellow alkaline noodles prepared from different noodle machine with Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

Parameters Flourz Korean Noodle Machine Japanese Noodle Machine


Thickness Lightness Thickness Lightness

Ash n = 11 0.406 0.144 0.441 0.313
n = 9 0.474 0.517 0.475 0.451
n = 4 0.566 -0.375 0.084 0.247

Damaged Starch n = 11 0.094 0.055 0.152 0.291
n = 9 0.571 0.361 0.465 0.284
n = 4 -0.082 -0.868 -0.579 -0.520

Lightness of flour n = 11 -0.225 0.583 -0.190 0.378
n = 9 -0.186 0.572 -0.116 0.741*
n = 4 0.091 -0.075 0.398 -0.489

Protein n = 11 0.701*y -0.318 0.604* -0.268
n = 9 0.944*** -0.230 0.881** -0.184
n = 4 0.087 -0.509 -0.143 0.715

SDS-sedimentation volume n = 11 0.648* 0.041 0.211 0.164
n = 9 0.722* 0.292 0.680* 0.368
n = 4 0.842 0.103 0.717 0.763

Mixograph water absorption n = 11 0.753** -0.549 0.623* -0.417
n = 9 0.953*** -0.306 0.925*** -0.177
n = 4 0.158 -0.920 -0.383 -0.251

Mixograph mixing time n = 11 0.654* -0.205 0.265 -0.004
n = 9 0.262 0.205 0.320 0.448
n = 4 0.603 0.861 0.882 0.075

Amylose n = 11 -0.145 -0.503 0.295 -0.534
n = 9 - - - -
n = 4 -0.042 0.955* 0.488 0.298

Peak viscosity n = 11 -0.355 -0.178 0.242 -0.236
n = 9 - - - -
n = 4 0.174 -0.924 -0.366 -0.154

Holding strength n = 11 -0.413 -0.387 0.136 -0.285
n = 9 - - - -
n = 4 0.646 -0.465 0.264 0.530

Final viscosity n = 11 -0.428 -0.339 0.117 -0.379
n = 9 - - - -
n = 4 0.701 0.182 0.668 0.901

Breakdown n = 11 -0.353 0.645* -0.267 0.345
n = 9 - - - -
n = 4 -0.105 -0.950* -0.605 -0.468

Setback n = 11 -0.390 -0.134 0.112 -0.296
n = 9 - - - -
n = 4 0.096 0.915 0.587 0.547

zn=11 indicates 11 Korean wheat cultivars, n=9 indicates three Korean wheat cultivars with different protein content and n=4 indicates four Korean wheats including waxy and low amylose content.

y*, **, ***, significant at p<0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 level.

Texture properties of cooked yellow alkaline noodles prepared from different noodle machine with Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

Flour Korean Noodle Machine Japanese Noodle Machine


Hardness (N) Springiness (Ratio) Cohesiveness (Ratio) Hardness (N) Springiness (Ratio) Cohesiveness (Ratio)

Korean Wheat Cultivars
Baekjoong 2.21iz 0.88a 0.60e 2.55i 0.89a 0.63b
Goso 4.46c 0.85c 0.62c 3.84b 0.88ab 0.62b
Joa 4.14d 0.88a 0.63c 3.65d 0.88ab 0.62b
Jojoong 3.84f 0.86c 0.64b 3.58e 0.87bc 0.61b
Jokyung 3.63g 0.85c 0.61d 3.20g 0.89a 0.60b
Joongmo2008 4.77b 0.85c 0.65a 3.77c 0.89a 0.65a
Jopoom 3.67g 0.86c 0.62c 2.74h 0.88ab 0.61b
Keumkang 4.97a 0.87ab 0.63c 4.63a 0.89a 0.64a
Suan 4.00e 0.86c 0.61d 3.66d 0.84d 0.65a
Uri 2.20i 0.87bc 0.61d 2.44j 0.89a 0.65a
Younbaek 3.24h 0.87bc 0.63c 3.48f 0.86c 0.59c
Korean Wheat Flours with Different Protein Content
Keumkang I 2.93cy 0.87a 0.61c 2.94c 0.89a 0.64a
Keumkang II 3.85b 0.87a 0.63a 3.40b 0.89a 0.66a
Keumkang III 4.48a 0.87a 0.62b 4.21a 0.90a 0.64a
Jokyung I 2.33c 0.87a 0.63ab 1.96c 0.86b 0.61a
Jokyung II 3.48b 0.88a 0.64a 2.84b 0.88a 0.61a
Jokyung III 4.01a 0.88a 0.62b 3.52a 0.87ab 0.61a
Suan I 3.35c 0.87a 0.61a 3.46c 0.87b 0.64a
Suan II 3.86b 0.86ab 0.60a 3.67b 0.87b 0.64a
Suan III 4.14a 0.85b 0.61a 4.30a 0.89a 0.64a
Korean Wheat Flours with Different Amylose Content
Baekchal 0.96c 0.70c 0.61b 1.16c 0.77c 0.61b
Hojoong 2.61b 0.84b 0.64a 3.05b 0.86b 0.63ab
Joongmo2012 3.52a 0.88a 0.63ab 3.12a 0.89a 0.64a
Shinmichal 1 0.89c 0.66c 0.58c 0.91d 0.75d 0.61b
Commercial Flour for Noodles
Comx 3.91 0.87 0.63 3.30 0.89 0.62

zLeast significant difference (p=0.05). Differences between two means exceeding this value are significant.

yValues followed by the same letters within each cultivar are not significantly different at p<0.05.

xCom = Commercial flour for making noodles.

Coefficients of correlation between flour characteristics and texture profiles of cooked yellow alkaline noodles prepared from different noodle machine with Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

Parameters Flourz Korean Noodle Machiney Japanese Noodle Machine


HD (N) SP (Ratio) CO (Ratio) HD (N) SP (Ratio) CO (Ratio)

Ash n = 11 0.127 -0.373 -0.103 0.055 0.316 0.195
n = 9 0.464 -0.152 0.667* -0.018 0.234 -0.342
n = 4 -0.659 -0.638 -0.471 -0.727 -0.649 -0.806

Damaged Starch n = 11 -0.166 -0.153 -0.189 0.057 -0.358 -0.334
n = 9 0.652 -0.154 0.368 0.158 0.044 -0.522
n = 4 -0.924 -0.979* 0.584 -0.984* -0.970* -0.853

Lightness of flour n = 11 -0.138 -0.009 -0.437 0.030 -0.107 0.323
n = 9 -0.366 -0.027 0.672* -0.595 0.070 -0.035
n = 4 0.721 0.584 0.175 0.568 0.618 0.828

Protein n = 11 0.366 -0.201 0.604* 0.202 0.288 0.426
n = 9 0.887*x -0.680* -0.073 0.658 0.500 0.179
n = 4 -0.509 -0.335 0.068 -0.361 -0.393 -0.674

SDS-sedimentation volume n = 11 0.437 -0.449 0.211 0.423 0.328 0.116
n = 9 0.605 -0.420 0.360 0.161 0.341 -0.124
n = 4 0.103 0.165 0.323 0.049 0.146 -0.147

Mixograph water absorption n = 11 0.608* -0.187 0.623* 0.486 0.001 -0.010
n = 9 0.828** -0.735* -0.232 0.653 0.487 0.378
n = 4 -0.920 -0.946 -0.859 -0.982* -0.945 -0.930

Mixograph mixing time n = 11 0.434 -0.504 0.265 0.368 0.077 -0.078
n = 9 0.113 -0.090 0.355 -0.133 0.446 0.051
n = 4 0.861 0.779 0.491 0.696 0.798 0.802

Amylose n = 11 0.040 -0.115 0.295 -0.149 -0.084 -0.478
n = 9 - - - - - -
n = 4 0.955* 0.977* 0.881 0.997** 0.976* 0.943

Peak viscosity n = 11 -0.454 0.240 0.242 -0.557 0.225 0.054
n = 9 - - - - - -
n = 4 -0.924 -0.932 -0.804 -0.969* -0.935 -0.955

Holding strength n = 11 -0.493 0.206 0.136 -0.641* 0.132 -0.265
n = 9 - - - - - -
n = 4 -0.465 -0.405 -0.176 -0.500 -0.425 -0.668

Final viscosity n = 11 -0.341 0.291 0.117 -0.584 0.114 0.109
n = 9 - - - - - -
n = 4 0.182 0.282 0.506 0.191 0.255 -0.072

Breakdown n = 11 -0.217 0.168 -0.276 -0.089 0.181 0.498
n = 9 - - - - - -
n = 4 -0.950* -0.991** -0.945 -0.992** -0.985* -0.887

Setback n = 11 -0.284 0.381 0.112 -0.459 0.049 0.359
n = 9 - - - - - -
n = 4 0.915 0.975* 0.973* 0.977* 0.964* 0.837

zn=11 indicates 11 Korean wheat cultivars, n=9 indicates three Korean wheat cultivars with different protein content and n=4 indicates four Korean wheats including waxy and low amylose content.

yHD = hardeness, CO = Cohesiveness, SP = springiness.

x*, **, ***, significant at p<0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 level.

Table 1 Flour characteristics of Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

Least significant difference (p=0.05). Differences between two means exceeding this value are significant

Values followed by the same letters within each cultivar are not significantly different at p<0.05.

Com = Commercial flour for making noodles.

Table 2 Starch properties of Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different amylose content.

Least significant difference (p=0.05). Differences between two means exceeding this value are significant.

Com = Commercial flour for making noodles.

Table 3 Characteristics of noodle dough sheet of yellow alkaline noodles prepared from different noodle machine with Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

Least significant difference (p=0.05). Differences between two means exceeding this value are significant.

Values followed by the same letters within each cultivar are not significantly different at p<0.05.

Com = Commercial flour for making noodles.

Table 4 Coefficients of correlation between flour characteristics and properties of noodle dough sheet of yellow alkaline noodles prepared from different noodle machine with Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

n=11 indicates 11 Korean wheat cultivars, n=9 indicates three Korean wheat cultivars with different protein content and n=4 indicates four Korean wheats including waxy and low amylose content.

*, **, ***, significant at p<0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 level.

Table 5 Texture properties of cooked yellow alkaline noodles prepared from different noodle machine with Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

Least significant difference (p=0.05). Differences between two means exceeding this value are significant.

Values followed by the same letters within each cultivar are not significantly different at p<0.05.

Com = Commercial flour for making noodles.

Table 6 Coefficients of correlation between flour characteristics and texture profiles of cooked yellow alkaline noodles prepared from different noodle machine with Korean wheat cultivars and wheat flours with different protein and amylose content.

n=11 indicates 11 Korean wheat cultivars, n=9 indicates three Korean wheat cultivars with different protein content and n=4 indicates four Korean wheats including waxy and low amylose content.

HD = hardeness, CO = Cohesiveness, SP = springiness.

*, **, ***, significant at p<0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 level.