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감자 24품종의 농업적 형질의 유전형과 재배환경의 상호작용 효과

김수정1,†, 손황배1,†, 박민우2, 장동칠1, 홍수영1, 권오근3, 정진철4, 구본철1, 김율호1,*

Interpretation of Genotype × Environment Interaction in Agronomic Traits in 24 Potato Cultivars Using AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2018;50(2):90-103.
Published online: June 1, 2018

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구소

농업회사법인 현대종묘㈜

농촌진흥청 연구정책국 연구운영과

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 골든시드프로젝트 사업단

Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, 25342, Korea

Hyundai Seed Co. Ltd, Yeoju, 12660, Korea

Research Administration Division, Research Policy Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54875, Korea

Golden Seed Project, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea

(E-mail: kimyuh77@korea.kr, Tel: +82-33-330-1840, Fax: +82-33-330-1519)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

• Received: November 8, 2017   • Accepted: January 15, 2018

Copyright: © 2018 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Genotype by Environment Interaction (GEI) Effect for Potato Tuber Yield and Their Quality Traits in Organic Multi-Environment Domains in Poland
    Beata Ewa Tatarowska, Jarosław Plich, Dorota Milczarek, Dominika Boguszewska-Mańkowska, Krystyna Zarzyńska
    Agriculture.2024; 14(9): 1591.     CrossRef

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Interpretation of Genotype × Environment Interaction in Agronomic Traits in 24 Potato Cultivars Using AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(2):90-103.   Published online June 1, 2018
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Interpretation of Genotype × Environment Interaction in Agronomic Traits in 24 Potato Cultivars Using AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(2):90-103.   Published online June 1, 2018
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Interpretation of Genotype × Environment Interaction in Agronomic Traits in 24 Potato Cultivars Using AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis
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Fig. 1 Tuber yield (kg⋅10a-1) in the 24 potato genotypes across three environments during (2012-2013) main cropping season. G01, Irish Cobbler; G02, Superior; G03, Jopung; G04, Namsuh; G05, Jasim; G06, Jasuh; G07, Jowon; G08, Sinnamjag; G09, Haryeong; G10, Seohong; G11, Hongyoung; G12, Jayoung; G13, Dejima; G14, Chubaek; G15, Chudong; G16, Chugang; G17, Chuyoung; G18, Bangul; G19, Shepody; G20, Atlantic; G21, Gawon; G22 Gahwang; G23, Goun; G24 Saebong. Single, Single cultivation; Doble, Doble cultivation.
Fig. 2 Number of tuber (ea/plant) in the 24 potato genotypes across three environments during (2012-2013) main cropping season. G01, Irish Cobbler; G02, Superior; G03, Jopung; G04, Namsuh; G05, Jasim; G06, Jasuh; G07, Jowon; G08, Sinnamjag; G09, Haryeong; G10, Seohong; G11, Hongyoung; G12, Jayoung; G13, Dejima; G14, Chubaek; G15, Chudong; G16, Chugang; G17, Chuyoung; G18, Bangul; G19, Shepody; G20, Atlantic; G21, Gawon; G22 Gahwang; G23, Goun; G24 Saebong. Single, Single cultivation; Doble, Doble cultivation.
Fig. 3 Tuber dry matter (%) in the 24 potato genotypes across three environments during (2012-2013) main cropping season. G01, Irish Cobbler; G02, Superior; G03, Jopung; G04, Namsuh; G05, Jasim; G06, Jasuh; G07, Jowon; G08, Sinnamjag; G09, Haryeong; G10, Seohong; G11, Hongyoung; G12, Jayoung; G13, Dejima; G14, Chubaek; G15, Chudong; G16, Chugang; G17, Chuyoung; G18, Bangul; G19, Shepody; G20, Atlantic; G21, Gawon; G22 Gahwang; G23, Goun; G24 Saebong. Single, Single cultivation; Doble, Doble cultivation.
Fig. 4 AMMI biplot showing the mean (main effect) vs. stability (PC1) view of both genotypes and environments on tuber yield (A), tuber number (B), and tuber dry matter (C) in 24 potato genotypes. Abbreviations of genotypes and environments are as given in Table 1 and 2.
Fig. 5 Vector view of GGE (genotype main effects plus genotype x environment interaction effect) biplot of on potato tuber yield (A), tuber number (B), and tuber dry matter (C) in 24 potato genotypes across three environments.
Fig. 6 Polygon (which-won-where) view of GGE (genotype main effects plus genotype x environment interaction effect) biplot of on potato tuber yield (A), tuber number (B), and tuber dry matter (C) in 24 potato genotypes across three environments.
Interpretation of Genotype × Environment Interaction in Agronomic Traits in 24 Potato Cultivars Using AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis

Description of the potato genotypes evaluated in this study.

Genotype Cultivar Released year Utilization Cropping systemz Total yieldy(kg/10a) Breeding nation Cross combination Maturity
G01 Irish Cobbler 1960 Table potato Single 3,761 USA bud-mutant of Early Rose Early
G02 Superior 1978 Table potato, Potato chip Single 3,191 USA B96-56 × M59-44 Early
G03 Jopung 1988 Table potato Single 3,510 Korea Resy × Superior Early
G04 Namsuh 1995 Table potato Single 4,714 Korea (Sroeken × Superior) × Wheeler Medium
G05 Jasim 1999 Table potato Single 2,733 Korea Daekwan48 × B6603-6 Late
G06 Jasuh 2000 Table potato Single 3,770 Korea Daekwan49 × B6603-6 Early
G07 Jowon 2000 Table potato Single 3,703 Korea AG54071 × Katahdin Early
G08 Sinnamjag 2001 Table potato Single 4,444 Korea Irish Cobbler × Katahdin Early
G09 Haryeong 2005 Table potato Single 3,899 Korea Atlantic × Superior Early-medium
G10 Seohong 2006 Table potato Single 4,052 Korea Jasim × 93K61-5 Early-medium
G11 Hongyoung 2007 Table potato, Potato chip Single 3,112 Korea Atlantic × AG34314 Medium-late
G12 Jayoung 2007 Table potato, Potato chip Single 3,096 Korea Atlantic × AG34314 Late
G13 Dejima 1978 Table potato Double S 2,956 A 2,359 Japan Hokaido31 × Unzen Medium-late
G14 Chubaek 1999 Table potato Double S 3,529 A 2,340 Korea H83011-3 × Superior Early
G15 Chudong 2001 Table potato Double S 3,243 A 2,181 Korea H83520 × Superior Medium
G16 Chugang 2002 Table potato Double S 3,462 A 2,746 Korea H83005-2 × Superior Medium
G17 Chuyoung 2004 Table potato Double S 2,952 A 2,057 Korea Atlantic × (Russet Burbank ×Solanum phureja) Medium
G18 Bangul 2010 Table potato Double S 4,040 A 3,053 Korea Dejima × Superior Early
G19 Shepody 1988 French fry Single 3,684 Canada F58050 × Wauseon Medium
G20 Atlantic 1995 Potato chip Single 2,934 USA B5141-6 × Wauseon Medium
G21 Gawon 1999 Potato chip Single 3,173 Korea Namsuh × Konahubuki Early
G22 Gahwang 2002 Potato chip Single 3,438 Korea Atlantic × AG54701 Early
G23 Goun 2006 Potato chip Double S 3,322 A 2,622 Korea Lemhi Russet × Chubaek Early-medium
G24 Saebong 2010 Potato chip Double S 3,200 A 2,710 Korea Daegwan2-8 × DH09-231 Early

zSingle, Single cultivation; Double, Double cultivation.

yS, Spring crop; A, Autumn crop.

Meteorological data of three environments of potato cultivation during 2012 and 2013 cropping season.

Environmentz Factor Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Meanz
E1(20 m) Maximum temp. (°C) 12.2y 16.2 21.8 23.9 30.0 - - 20.8
Minimum temp. (°C) 2.6 6.1 12.3 16.8 21.8 - - 11.9
Average temp. (°C) 7.5 11.1 16.9 19.9 26.1 - - 16.3
Accumulated precipitation (mm) 47.8 82.0 77.1 28.7 67.3 - - 60.6
Sum of sunshine (hr) 151.9 231.2 245.7 155.3 43.8 - - 165.6
Accumulated precipitation days 5.5 9.0 8.5 11.0 4.5 - - 7.7

E2(560 m) Maximum temp. (°C) - 16.6 22.1 25.4 27.0 28.2 - 23.9
Minimum temp. (°C) - 3.0 7.7 13.7 19.0 20.0 - 12.7
Average temp. (°C) - 9.3 14.5 18.7 22.6 24.2 - 17.9
Accumulated precipitation (mm) - 57.0 76.3 89.3 416.3 40.0 - 135.8
Sum of sunshine (hr) - - - - - - - - - -
Accumulated precipitation - 4.0 7.5 9.0 15.5 3.0 - 7.8

E3(800 m) Maximum temp. (°C) - - 20.2 21.7 25.2 25.8 23.1 23.2
Minimum temp. (°C) - - 8.0 12.6 18.3 18.0 14.1 14.2
Average temp. (°C) - - 14.2 16.8 21.4 21.5 17.6 18.3
Accumulated precipitation (mm) - - 143.3 94.3 330.6 188.6 4.0 152.1
Sum of sunshine (hr) - - 56.9 179.6 180.4 187.2 13.2 123.5
Accumulated precipitation - - 4.0 13.0 16.0 14.0 1.0 9.6

All data values obtained from nearest Korea Meteorological Administration of Database. (http://www.kma.go.kr).

zEnvironment (masl) represented abbreviation of region and meter above the sea level.

yMean represented 2012-2013 climate average for cultivation period(E1, Mar. 21.-Jul. 11.; E2, Apr. 15.-Aug. 5.; E3, May 14.-Sep. 3.) including temperature and precipitation.

Agronomic traits of the 24 potato genotypes across three environments during (2012-2013) main cropping season.

Genotypesz Environmenty Mean±S.D.w CVv

E1 E2 E3





TY NT DM TY NT DM TY NT DM TY NT DM TY NT DM
G01 3,141 9.4 20.2 2,698 9.2 18.3 1,866 6.4 17.8 2,568±367 8.3±1.2 18.8±1.1 0.224 0.242 0.080
G02 3,755 8.6 20.9 3,957 8.6 17.8 2,330 7.4 18.3 3,348±748 8.2±1.4 19.0±1.7 0.186 0.306 0.115
G03 3,899 7.9 17.2 2,905 6.9 15.3 3,008 7.5 16.1 3,270±718 7.5±1.1 16.2±1.0 0.200 0.263 0.082
G04 2,625 9.1 17.7 3,065 7.9 16.1 2,352 8.8 17.5 2,681±630 8.6±1.4 17.1±0.9 0.171 0.275 0.069
G05 3,600 8.2 20.9 4,165 8.4 18.9 2,289 4.0 17.7 3,351±443 6.9±1.1 19.2±1.6 0.324 0.267 0.114
G06 3,242 6.9 18.2 3,391 6.1 17.3 1,823 4.2 17.6 2,819±539 5.7±0.8 17.7±1.5 0.232 0.317 0.092
G07 3,701 7.7 18.6 3,717 6.9 15.3 2,783 5.5 17.9 3,400±795 6.7±1.7 17.3±1.3 0.304 0.243 0.109
G08 3,015 9.1 19.0 3,065 9.1 16.5 1,744 8.9 15.0 2,608±623 9.0±2.2 16.8±1.1 0.244 0.321 0.118
G09 3,266 8.1 22.1 3,526 8.1 20.2 3,227 7.2 20.7 3,340±738 7.8±1.4 21.0±1.3 0.192 0.243 0.070
G10 4,165x 9.4 19.3 4,037 7.5 16.7 2,792 5.7 16.9 3,665±822 7.6±1.6 17.6±1.4 0.298 0.285 0.102
G11 2,928 12.4 17.9 3,272 12.2 15.3 2,840 11.0 17.2 3,013±544 11.9±1.5 16.8±1.1 0.127 0.191 0.095
G12 3,051 11.3 22.6 3,420 11.6 20.6 2,563 6.4 20.8 3,011±431 9.7±0.8 21.4±1.0 0.252 0.197 0.068
G13 4,038 12.0 20.6 4,588 10.9 18.5 2,675 7.8 19.4 3,767±639 10.3±1.7 19.5±1.2 0.235 0.283 0.076
G14 4,641 10.5 17.2 3,592 7.6 16.0 1,720 6.2 15.1 3,318±829 8.1±1.4 16.1±1.2 0.289 0.447 0.092
G15 3,625 12.1 19.2 3,379 10.1 15.8 2,827 9.0 17.0 3,277±743 10.4±1.3 17.3±1.3 0.179 0.250 0.111
G16 4,072 8.4 20.6 4,090 9.9 20.0 2,963 6.4 19.7 3,709±679 8.2±1.5 20.1±1.0 0.244 0.302 0.051
G17 4,072 10.1 21.0 3,988 9.9 16.7 2,076 6.2 17.4 3,130±602 8.7±1.3 18.4±1.6 0.245 0.320 0.131
G18 2,506 9.9 22.0 2,468 8.3 20.0 1,797 8.5 18.1 2,257±695 8.9±2.2 20.1±1.9 0.264 0.329 0.120
G19 2,920 7.4 21.5 3,193 5.5 19.8 1,713 4.8 21.0 2,609±482 5.9±1.5 20.8±1.2 0.338 0.299 0.066
G20 3,761 9.6 22.2 4,181 7.3 20.3 2,064 5.9 20.4 3,335±775 7.6±1.2 21.0±1.3 0.249 0.375 0.072
G21 3,199 9.2 21.9 3,917 8.1 18.5 2,688 7.6 19.5 3,268±403 8.3±1.6 19.9±1.4 0.202 0.197 0.100
G22 2,999 9.7 22.3 3,037 8.3 18.8 1,878 5.6 20.5 2,638±514 7.9±1.6 20.5±0.8 0.295 0.283 0.082
G23 3,536 10.1 23.1 4,236 9.3 21.6 2,230 5.8 22.6 3,334±646 8.4±1.4 22.4±1.1 0.275 0.315 0.060
G24 4,122 12.6 21.4 4,498 9.7 20.9 3,734 8.5 20.9 4,118±733 10.2±1.6 21.1±0.8 0.229 0.192 0.037

Mean 3464 9.6 20.3 3,599 8.6 18.1 2,416 6.9 18.5 - - -
S.D. 533 1.6 1.8 572 1.6 2.0 547 1.7 2.0 - - -
C.V 0.15 0.17 0.09 0.16 0.19 0.11 0.23 0.25 0.11 - - -

zG01, Irish Cobbler; G02, Superior; G03, Jopung; G04, Namsuh; G05, Jasim; G06, Jasuh; G07, Jowon; G08, Sinnamjag; G09, Haryeong; G10, Seohong; G11, Hongyoung; G12, Jayoung; G13, Dejima; G14, Chubaek; G15, Chudong; G16, Chugang; G17, Chuyoung; G18, Bangul; G19, Shepody; G20, Atlantic; G21, Gawon; G22 Gahwang; G23, Goun; G24 Saebong.

yE1, Gangneung; E2, Jinbu; E3, Daegwallyeong; TY, Tuber yield(kg/10a); NT, Number of tuber (ea/plant); DM, Dry matter of tuber (%).

xUnderlined values are the highest yield at each test environment.

wAverage data for three environment (E1, E2, and E3) ± standard deviation.

vC.V. Coefficient of variation

AMMI analysis of variance for tuber yield (kg⋅10a-1) of 24 potato genotypes grown at three environments.

Source of variation df SS MS F- valuez Efficiency (%)y
Genotype (G) 23 78,691,572 3,421,373 8.58*** 19.2
Environment (E) 2 119,042,979 59,521,489 24.88*** 29.0
Rep (E) 15 35,872,759 2,391,517 5.99*** 8.7
G x E 46 42,463,834 923,127 2.31*** 10.4
Residuals 336 134,036,553
Total 410,107,697
AMMI PC1 24 23,367,158 973,632 2.44 64.2
AMMI PC2 22 13,625,427 619,338 1.55 35.8
Total

Abbreviations:df, degree of freedom; SS, sum of squares; MS, mean sum of squares.

zValues for the variables in each factor: nsnon-significant or

***Significant at p<0.001.

yValues in brackets indicate part of the E, G and G×E SS to the total yield variation.

AMMI analysis of variance for tuber number (ea/plant) of 24 potato genotypes grown at three environments.

Source of variation df SS MS F- valuez Efficiency (%)y
Genotype (G) 23 782 34 16.65*** 33.6
Environment (E) 2 459 229 17.32*** 19.7
Rep (E) 15 199 13 6.47*** 8.5
G x E 46 236 5 2.51*** 10.1
Residuals 319 652
Total 2,327
AMMI PC1 24 77 3 1.57 70.3
AMMI PC2 22 32 1 0.72 29.7

Abbreviations: df, degree of freedom; SS, sum of squares; MS, mean sum of squares.

zValues for the variables in each factor: ns non-significant,* Significant at p<0.05 or

***Significant at p<0.001.

yValues in brackets indicate part of the E, G and G×E SS to the total yield variation.

AMMI analysis of variance for dry matter (%) of 24 potato genotypes grown at three environments.

Source of variation df SS MS F- valuez Efficiency (%)y
Genotype (G) 23 1,344 58 38.98*** 51.5
Environment (E) 2 383 191 24.38*** 14.7
Rep (E) 15 118 8 5.23*** 4.5
G x E 46 151 3 2.18*** 5.8
Residuals 333 616
Total 2,610
AMMI PC1 24 88 4 2.44 68.4
AMMI PC2 22 41 2 1.23 31.6

Abbreviations: df, degree of freedom; SS, sum of squares; MS, mean sum of squares.

zValues for the variables in each factor: nsnon-significant or

***Significant at p<0.001.

yValues in brackets indicate part of the E, G and G×E SS to the total yield variation.

Tuber yield, number, and dry matter for AMMI and rank of 24 potato genotypes tested for two years per location at three environments in Korea.

Genotypez Tuber yieldy Tuber numberx Tuber dry matterw



kg/10a rTY rASV_TY ea/plant rNT rASV_NT % rDM rASV_DM
G01 2,515 23 11 8.56 8 7 18.80 15 9
G02 3,348 6 9 8.22 13 19 19.67 11 1
G03 2,298 16 22 6.71 21 2 16.21 23 8
G04 2,681 19 21 7.56 16 6 17.09 20 21
G05 3,478 5 10 7.55 19 16 19.18 13 19
G06 2,818 17 7 5.67 24 1 17.53 18 12
G07 3,304 11 2 6.53 22 3 17.89 16 11
G08 2,636 22 1 8.37 11 12 16.83 21 23
G09 3,340 7 23 7.35 20 11 20.98 4 4
G10 3,365 3 6 7.72 17 10 17.65 17 6
G11 2,696 18 5 11.55 1 9 16.77 22 20
G12 3,011 15 16 10.68 3 17 21.36 2 3
G13 3,767 2 13 10.73 2 4 19.65 12 7
G14 3,317 10 24 8.28 12 23 16.09 24 10
G15 3,277 12 17 10.39 4 14 17.22 19 13
G16 3,587 4 8 8.39 10 24 20.05 9 14
G17 3,130 14 14 9.21 6 8 14.84 14 22
G18 2,257 24 15 8.92 7 21 20.05 8 24
G19 2,652 20 4 5.71 23 13 20.79 6 16
G20 3,335 8 20 7.70 18 18 20.90 5 2
G21 3,154 13 12 7.92 14 5 19.93 10 15
G22 2,638 21 3 7.88 15 15 20.54 7 17
G23 3,333 9 18 8.42 9 20 22.06 1 5
G24 4,118 1 19 10.25 5 22 21.07 3 18

zG01, Irish Cobbler; G02, Superior; G03, Jopung; G04, Namsuh; G05, Jasim; G06, Jasuh; G07, Jowon; G08, Sinnamjag; G09, Haryeong; G10, Seohong; G11, Hongyoung; G12, Jayoung; G13, Dejima; G14, Chubaek; G15, Chudong; G16, Chugang; G17, Chuyoung; G18, Bangul; G19, Shepody; G20, Atlantic; G21, Gawon; G22 Gahwang; G23, Goun; G24 Saebong.

yrTY, rank of tuber yield (kg/10a); rASV_TY, rank of stability index in tuber yield.

xrNT, rank of tuber number (ea/plant); rASV_NT, rank of stability index in tuber number.

wrDM, rank of tuber dry matter (%); rASV_DM, rank of stability index in tuber dry matter.

Table 1 Description of the potato genotypes evaluated in this study.

Single, Single cultivation; Double, Double cultivation.

S, Spring crop; A, Autumn crop.

Table 2 Meteorological data of three environments of potato cultivation during 2012 and 2013 cropping season.

All data values obtained from nearest Korea Meteorological Administration of Database. (http://www.kma.go.kr).

Environment (masl) represented abbreviation of region and meter above the sea level.

Mean represented 2012-2013 climate average for cultivation period(E1, Mar. 21.-Jul. 11.; E2, Apr. 15.-Aug. 5.; E3, May 14.-Sep. 3.) including temperature and precipitation.

Table 3 Agronomic traits of the 24 potato genotypes across three environments during (2012-2013) main cropping season.

G01, Irish Cobbler; G02, Superior; G03, Jopung; G04, Namsuh; G05, Jasim; G06, Jasuh; G07, Jowon; G08, Sinnamjag; G09, Haryeong; G10, Seohong; G11, Hongyoung; G12, Jayoung; G13, Dejima; G14, Chubaek; G15, Chudong; G16, Chugang; G17, Chuyoung; G18, Bangul; G19, Shepody; G20, Atlantic; G21, Gawon; G22 Gahwang; G23, Goun; G24 Saebong.

E1, Gangneung; E2, Jinbu; E3, Daegwallyeong; TY, Tuber yield(kg/10a); NT, Number of tuber (ea/plant); DM, Dry matter of tuber (%).

Underlined values are the highest yield at each test environment.

Average data for three environment (E1, E2, and E3) ± standard deviation.

C.V. Coefficient of variation

Table 4 AMMI analysis of variance for tuber yield (kg⋅10a-1) of 24 potato genotypes grown at three environments.

Abbreviations:df, degree of freedom; SS, sum of squares; MS, mean sum of squares.

Values for the variables in each factor: nsnon-significant or

Significant at p<0.001.

Values in brackets indicate part of the E, G and G×E SS to the total yield variation.

Table 5 AMMI analysis of variance for tuber number (ea/plant) of 24 potato genotypes grown at three environments.

Abbreviations: df, degree of freedom; SS, sum of squares; MS, mean sum of squares.

Values for the variables in each factor: ns non-significant,* Significant at p<0.05 or

Significant at p<0.001.

Values in brackets indicate part of the E, G and G×E SS to the total yield variation.

Table 6 AMMI analysis of variance for dry matter (%) of 24 potato genotypes grown at three environments.

Abbreviations: df, degree of freedom; SS, sum of squares; MS, mean sum of squares.

Values for the variables in each factor: nsnon-significant or

Significant at p<0.001.

Values in brackets indicate part of the E, G and G×E SS to the total yield variation.

Table 7 Tuber yield, number, and dry matter for AMMI and rank of 24 potato genotypes tested for two years per location at three environments in Korea.

G01, Irish Cobbler; G02, Superior; G03, Jopung; G04, Namsuh; G05, Jasim; G06, Jasuh; G07, Jowon; G08, Sinnamjag; G09, Haryeong; G10, Seohong; G11, Hongyoung; G12, Jayoung; G13, Dejima; G14, Chubaek; G15, Chudong; G16, Chugang; G17, Chuyoung; G18, Bangul; G19, Shepody; G20, Atlantic; G21, Gawon; G22 Gahwang; G23, Goun; G24 Saebong.

rTY, rank of tuber yield (kg/10a); rASV_TY, rank of stability index in tuber yield.

rNT, rank of tuber number (ea/plant); rASV_NT, rank of stability index in tuber number.

rDM, rank of tuber dry matter (%); rASV_DM, rank of stability index in tuber dry matter.