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안토시아닌 함량이 많은 검정색 메성쌀보리 ‘흑누리’

이미자*, 김양길, 김경호, 박형호, 김상민

Development of Naked Non-Waxy Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Huknuri’ with High Anthocyanin Content

Mi-Ja Lee*, Yang-Kil Kim, Kyung-Ho Kim, Hyung-Ho Park, Sang-Min Kim
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2018;50(3):274-279.
Published online: August 31, 2018

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

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(E-mail: esilvia@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5332, Fax: +82-63-238-5303)
• Received: May 1, 2018   • Accepted: June 7, 2018

Copyright: © 2018 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • Consumer interest in nutrition and health has increased, for other food and industrial applications, including for barley. ‘Huknuri’ is a new naked non-waxy barley cultivar with black lemma. It was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, in 2011. The initial cross was carried out in 2002, and an elite line (HB16225-B-B-9) was selected in 2006. Since then, through preliminary yield and advanced yield trials, it was designated as ‘Iksan 100’. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional yield trials from 2009 to 2011 and was released as ‘Huknuri’, possessing high anthocyanin content and black lemma with a non-waxy endosperm. The average heading and maturing dates of ‘Huknuri’ were April 23 and May 29 in paddy fields, which were one day earlier and the same as those of the check cultivar ‘Saessalbori’, respectively. It had a culm and spike length of 87 and 5.0 cm, respectively. It showed 601 spikes per m2, 61 grains per spike, 29.0 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 780 g of test weight. ‘Huknuri’ showed better resistance to Barley yellow mosaic virus and higher water absorption and expansion rates than those of the check cultivar. Its average pearled grain yield in the regional yield trial was 3.44 MT/ha in upland, and 3.56 MT/ha in paddy fields, which were 5% lower and 1% higher than those of the check cultivar, respectively. The anthocyanin content was 180 µg/g, which was higher than that of the check cultivar.
보리는 쌀과 더불어 그 동안 우리의 기본식량으로 큰 몫을 차지하여 왔으나 근래에 국민의 식량 소비구조가 변화됨에 따라 보리소비가 크게 줄어들고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 최근에는 건강에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 기능성 성분과 항산화 물질이 함유된 열매나 곡물을 개발하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 그 중 안토시아닌을 함유한 색깔을 가지는 열매나 곡물에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다(Henry 1996). 최근 개발되고 있는 유색보리는 안토시아닌을 포함하고 있어 기능성식품으로 주목 받고 있다(Choi et al. 2007, Lee et al. 2011a, 2012b, Kim et al. 2007).
보리는 식품학적인 측면에서 쌀에 버금가는 우수한 전분질 식품으로 예로부터 우리의 식생활에서 중요한 위치를 차지해 왔다. 또한 보리는 다른 맥류보다 주식으로 하기에 알맞고 단백질, 칼슘, 식이섬유 등 영양면에서 웰빙식품으로 각광을 받고 있다(Cheigh et al. 1976). 보리는 밀가루의 5배, 쌀의 16배에 해당하는 많은 양의 식이섬유를 함유하고 있으며, 특히, 콜레스테롤 함량을 낮추는 것으로 알려진 수용성 식이섬유를 다른 식품보다 많이 함유하고 있다(Baik & Ullrich 2008). 이중 베타글루칸이라는 물질은 고혈압과 동맥경화, 당뇨와 같은 질병에 좋다는 것이 보고되면서 보리가 건강식품으로 인기를 끌고 있다(Newman et al. 1989, Lee 1996, Lee et al. 1997, Lee 2001).
본 연구에서는 보리 소비 촉진을 위하여 기능성 보리 품종 개발에 대한 연구결과 흑색으로 안토시아닌을 함유한 메성 쌀보리 품종인 ‘흑누리’를 육성하게 되어 본 품종의 육성경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
농업형질 및 수량성 조사
흑누리의 지역적응시험은 2009년부터 3개년 동안 답리작 재배는 전북 익산, 전남 나주, 경남 진주와 경북 대구에서 대비품종인 새쌀보리와 비교 검토하였으며(RDA 2009, 2010), 지역별 표준재배로 수행하였다. 생육조사는 내병성, 내습성, 내도복성, 흰가루병, 보리호위축병(Barley yellow mosaic virus, BaYMV) 및 수량구성요소를 조사하였으며, 조사 및 평가 방법은 농업과학기술 연구 조사 분석 기준(RDA 2003)에 준하였다. 병해검정 중 흰가루병은 익산지역 포장(비닐하우스)에서 Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei 병원균을 접종 2주 후 조사하였으며, 발병심도를 0~9 및 괴사정도로 판정하였다. 보리호위축병 검정은 지역별 상습발병포장인 익산(strain III형), 나주(strain I형), 진주(strain IV형)지역에서 자연 발생을 유도하였고 백동품종을 체크품종으로 하여 이병정도(0~9)를 3월 상순에서 4월 상순 사이에 조사하였다(Park et al. 2009, Kim et al. 2016). 내한성 검정은 경기도 연천 시험지에서 9월 하순에 파종하여 월동 후 고사주율(%)을 조사하였다.
품질분석
품질 분석은 조곡에서 단백질과 회분, 수분함량을 분석하였으며, 정곡에서 베타글루칸, 회분, 아밀로스 함량을 분석하였고, 취반특성 및 취반 후 저장 기간에 따른 백도 변화를 조사하였다. 수분과 회분 함량은 각각 AACC 방법(2000) 44-15A와 08-01에 준하여 측정하였다. 시료는 Satake 시험 도정기로 정맥수율 77%로 정맥하였다. 모든 성분 분석에는 조곡과 정곡을 0.2 mm체가 장착된 Retsch centrifugal mill (Zm 100, Retsch GmbH & Co. Haan, Germany)로 분쇄한 분말시료를 사용하였다. 단백질분석은 Elementar Analyzer System (Vario MACRO, Hanau, Germany)를 이용하여 분석한 총 질소함량에 켈달장치를 이용하여 분석한 값과 비교하여 얻어진 conversion factor를 곱하여서 구하였다. β-glucan 분석은 Mcclary 방법(Mccleary & Glennie-Holmes, 1985)을 이용한 Megazyme kit를 이용하여 510 nm에서 흡광도로 분석하였다. 취반에 따른 정맥의 수분흡수율, 퍼짐성은 Shinjiro (1965) 등의 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 보리쌀 5 g을 20 mL D.W (distilled water)가 들어있는 메스실린더에 넣은 후 부피(a)를 읽고, 이 시료를 평량한 알루미늄망(자체제작)에 넣어서 증류수를 제거한 후 이 망을 100 mL 비이커에 넣고 충분히 끓는 물 80 mL를 부어 알루미늄 호일로 덮어 150°C 건조기에서 40분간 취반하였다. 취반된 시료를 꺼내어 10회 정도 물기를 털어준 다음 비이커에 60° 정도 기울여 놓고, 10분 후 무게(b)를 측정하고 이 시료를 20 mL D.W가 들어 있는 메스실린더에 옮기고 부피(c)를 측정하였다. 100 mL 비이커에 남아 있는 고형물을 건조기에 넣고 75°C-80°C에서 16시간 정도 건조시킨 후 꺼내어 데시케이터에 넣고 30분 후 무게를 재고 다음 식으로 흡수율과 퍼짐성 및 용출고형물을 계산하였다.
흡수율(%)=흡수 후 무게(b)−(시료+망무게)시료무게×100
퍼짐성(%) = 취반 후 부피(c) ÷ 취반 전 시료부피(a) × 100
총페놀 함량은 gallic acid를 표준물로 하여 Folin-Denis 방법(Official methods of analysis of the Association of official Analytical Chemists)으로 분석하였다(So et al. 2002). 분쇄한 시료 1 g을 20 mL 80% MeOH로 24시간 추출한 후 10분간 200 rpm으로 원심분리 상등액을 분석에 이용하였다. 상등액 500 μL와 증류수 1 ml, Folin 시약(10%) 2.5 mL를 3분간 반응시킨 후 Na2CO3 1 mL를 첨가하여 1시간 반응시켜 760 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다.
Megazyme β-glucan assay kit는 Megazyme Co. (Bray, Co., Wicklow, Ireland)에서 구입하였으며, 그 외 모든 시약은 1급 이상 시약을 사용하였다.
총플라보노이드 함량은 Dewanto 방법을 이용하였으며, 표준물질은 (+)-catechin(sigma-aldrich)를 사용하여 검량선을 작성하였으며 510nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 분석하였다. 총 안토시아닌 함량은 Tüker와 Erdoğdu의 방법에 따라 측정하였다. 당분석은 조곡 1 g/10 ml DW 넣고 30°C에서 2시간 초음파추출을 한 후, 원심분리하고 0.2 μm Nylon membrane filter(Sunri, U.S.A)로 여과하여 ELSD검출기가 장착된 HPLC(Waters, U.S.A)로 분석하였다. 분석조건은 검출기 온도는 90°C, 질소공급량 2 ml/min, 컬럼은 Prevail Carbohydrate ES 5u(250 mm × 4.6 mm), 컬럼온도는 30°C, 샘플온도는 4°C이었다. 이때 이동상은 75% ACN, 유속은 1 ml/min 이었다. 실험결과는 SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 (Statistical analysis system 9.2, NC, USA)로 분석하고, 시료간의 유의적인 차이는 ANOVA를 이용하여 유의수준 5%(p<0.05)에서 검증하였다.
육성 경위
흑색영을 가진 메성쌀보리 품종을 육성하기 위하여 2002년에 ‘긴쌀보리’와 ‘창녕재래’ 교배립을 ‘긴쌀보리’와 여교배한 교배립과 ‘새쌀보리’와 ‘도꾸시마모찌하다가’를 교배하였다. 2003년에 F1을 양성한 후 이듬해 집단으로 F2를 전개하였고, 2005년과 2006년에는 각각 F3, F4를 계통선발하였다. 2007년에 Observational yield trial 시험을 수행하여 우량시 되는 HB16225-B-B-9계통을 선발하여 2008년에 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과, 흑색영을 가진 메성쌀보리로 판명되어 ‘익산100호’로 계통명을 부여, 2009년부터 3년간 익산 등 4개 지역에서 답리작재배로 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 흑색영으로 안토시아닌, 플라보노이드, 당 함량이 새쌀보리에 비하여 높은 6조 메성쌀보리 계통임이 입증되어 2011년 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정심의회에서 신품종으로 선정됨과 동시에 ‘흑누리’로 명명하였다. 육성 경위는 Fig. 1과 같다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Huknuri’.
KJBS_50_274_fig_1.jpg
주요 특성
흑누리의 주요특성은 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같이 이삭이 6조인 쌀보리로 파성이 IV이고 병성 type이며 잎색은 녹색이고 폭은 중정도로 길이는 길고, 까락이 길다. 이삭은 반직립형이고 밀도는 소수형이다.
Table 1
Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Huknuri’
Table 1
Cultivars Vernalization Grain husk Leaf Culm Spike Awn length
Color Length Width Length Diameter Type Density
Huknuri IV Naked Green Long Medium Medium Medium 6-rowed low Long
Saessal III Naked Green Long Medium Medium Medium 6-rowed Medium Long
출수기 및 성숙기는 Table 2에서와 같이 출수기는 답리작 4개 지역에서 평균은 4월 28일로 새쌀보리보다 1일 빨랐으며, 성숙기는 답리작에서 6월 4일로 새쌀보리보다 1일 늦었다.
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Huknuri’ cultivated in Iksan, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2009 to 2011
Table 2
Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike 1000-grain weight (g) Test weight (g)
Huknuri Apr.30 June 4 95±2.5* 5.0±0.92 696±179.5 56±7.0 30.0±0.70** 771±16.9*
Saessal Apr.29 June 3 86±4.3 5.0±0.10 687±99.5 58±0.6 27.0±0.66 786±13.6

Average±SD(standard deviation), (n=12)

*and

**stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by LSD.

생육 및 수량구성 요소는 간장은 95 cm로 표준품종인 새쌀보리의 86 cm에 비해 9 cm 정도 길었다. 수장은 5.0 cm로 새쌀보리와 같았으며, m2당 수수는 696개로 새쌀보리보다 많았지만 유의성은 없다. 1수립수는 56개로 적었고, 천립중은 30 g으로 새쌀보리보다 무거웠고 리터중은 새쌀보리보다 가벼웠다(Table 2).
내재해성 및 내병성은 Table 3에서와 같이 내한성은 고사주율이 고휴 97%, 저휴 75%로 새쌀보리보다 약하였다. 도복 정도는 지적포장에서 3으로 새쌀보리보다 약하였고, 보리호위축병은 익산(strain III형)과 나주(strainI형)에서 새쌀보리보다 강하였고, 진주(strain IV형)에서는 새쌀보리와 같이 저항성을 보였다. 흰가루병은 익산지역 포장에서 새쌀보리와 같았다.
Table 3
Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Huknuri’ tested in Yeoncheon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2009 to 2011
Table 3
Cultivar Winter killing ratez (%) Degree of lodging (0~9)w Powdery mildewy BaYMVx (0~9)w
Normal High ridge Infection type Iksan (III) Naju (I) Jinju (IV)
Huknuri 74.9 97.3 3* Susceptable 6* 2 1
Saessal 61.8 78.4 0 Susceptable 8 4 1

zData tested at Yeoncheon.

yMeans of Suwon, Iksan and Milyang during RYT.

xBarley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

w0 : Resistence, 9 : Susceptible

*stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

품질특성
‘흑누리’의 조곡, 정곡 및 취반특성은 Table 4에서와 같이 조곡의 단백질 함량은 12.1%로 표준품종인 새쌀보리보다 많지만 유의성은 없었다. 총페놀 함량은 1.25 mg/g로 새쌀보리와 비슷하였다. Baik & Ullrich (2008)는 보리는 약 0.2-4.0% phenolic compound를 포함하며, polyphenols, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, catechin 등이 주요 phenolic compounds라고 하였다. 총안토시아닌 함량은 흑누리가 128 μg/g로 새쌀보리보다 2배 정도 높았으며 총플라보노이드 함량은 5.5 mg/g로 새쌀보리보다 높았다.
Table 4
Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Huknuri’
Table 4
Cultivar Protein cont. (%) Total phenol cont.z (mg/g) Total antho -cyanin cont.z (μg/g) Total flavonoid cont.z (mg/g) Grain pearling Cooking quality
β-glucan (%) Amylose (%) Water absorption rate(%) Expansion rate (%)
Huknuril 12.1±0.60 1.3±0.01 128±12.0* 5.5±0.02 5.7±0.32* 20.8±0.61 220±21.1 395±29.5
Saessal 11.4±0.56 1.2±0.02 69±6.0 4.4±0.42 4.7±0.36 21.6±1.55 218±15.9 388±28.5

Average±SD(standard deviation), (n=12),

z(n=4)

*stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

보리는 평균적으로 전분 64%, 단백질 11%, β-glucan 5%로 구성되어 있으며 나머지 20%는 수분, 지방, 회분, 섬유소, 그리고 소량의 비타민 등 미량성분들을 포함하고 있다(Cheigh et al. 1976). 신품종 ‘흑누리’의 β-glucan 함량은 5.7%로 새쌀보리보다 높았고, 아밀로스 함량은 20.8%로 새쌀보리와 비슷하였다. 취반시 흡수율과 퍼짐성은 220%와 395%로 새쌀보리와 비슷하였다(Table 4).
총당함량은 흑누리가 4.7%로 새쌀보리와 비슷하였으나 과당 함량은 0.13%로 새쌀보리보다 유의성 있게 높았으며, 포도당 함량도 0.18%로 높았다. 자당 함량도 0.61%로 새쌀보리보다 높았고. 맥아당 함량은 0.54%로 새쌀보리와 비슷하였으며 자당과 맥아당 함량이 과당과 포도당보다 높았다(Table 5). 이로써 새롭게 개발된 ‘흑누리’ 품종은 안토시아닌과 플라보노이드 함량이 높고 자당과 맥아당 함량이 높은 흑색 메성 품종으로 기능성과 가공특성을 향상시킨 가공제품 개발에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.
Table 5
Carbohydrates composition of ‘Huknuri’
Table 5
Cultivar Grain pearling
Total carbohydrate (%) Fructose (%) Glucose (%) Sucrose (%) Maltose (%)
Huknuri 4.7±0.61 0.13±0.00* 0.18±0.00* 0.61±0.05* 0.54±0.06
Saessal 4.2±0.32 0.06±0.00 0.12±0.10 0.41±0.03 0.55±0.05

Average±SD(standard deviation)

*stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

수량성
‘흑누리’의 수량성은 2009년부터 2011년까지 3개년간 실시한 지역적응시험 답리작 4개소 평균수량은 3.17 MT/ha로 새쌀보리보다 15% 감소하였으나 전체적인 수량성은 통계적인 차이는 없었다(Table 6).
Table 6
Yield potential of ‘Huknuri’in the regional yield trials(RYT) tested in Iksan, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2009 to 2011
Table 6
Field Regions Huknuri (MT/ha) Saessal(MT/ha) Index (a/b×100)
2009 2010 2011 Mean(a) 2009 2010 2011 Mean(b)
Paddy Iksan 3.35 3.41 3.43 3.40 5.89 4.38 3.94 4.74 72
Naju 3.08 1.59 3.33 2.67 3.20 1.44 3.89 2.84 94
Jinju 4.12 3.06 3.62 3.60 4.45 3.26 4.22 3.98 91
Daegu 　- 3.01 2.82 2.91 -　 3.22 3.19 3.20 91
Mean 3.52 2.69 3.46 3.17 4.51 3.03 3.81 3.73 85
신품종 ‘흑누리’는 흑색영을 가지는 메성 쌀보리 신품종으로 국립식량과학원에서 계통육종법으로 육성하였다. 4개 지역에서 답리작 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 답리작 적응성이 높으며, 흑색으로 안토시아닌, 플라보노이드 함량 및 당 함량이 높은 계통임이 입증되었다. 출수기는 답리작에서 새쌀보리보다 1일 빨랐고, 성숙기는 1일 늦었다. 간장은 95 cm로 중장간, 수장 5.0 cm, m2당 수수는 696개로 새쌀보리와 비슷하였고 천립중은 30.0 g이었다. 단백질 함량은 새쌀보리와 비슷하였고, β-glucan 함량은 새쌀보리보다 높았다. 흡수율과 퍼짐성은 비슷하였고, 총안토시아닌 함량과 총플라보노이드 함량은 새쌀보리보다 높았다. 총당함량은 새쌀보리와 비슷하였으나 과당, 포도당, 자당 함량은 새쌀보리보다 높았고. 맥아당 함량은 새쌀보리와 비슷하였으며 자당과 맥아당 함량이 과당과 포도당보다 높았다. 수량성은 답리작에서 3.17 MT/ha로 새쌀보리보다 15% 감소하였다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 농업과학기술 연구개발사업(과제명 : 대두가공부산물의 이소플라본 무배당체 전환효율 증진 기술 개발, 과제번호: PJ012107022018)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
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Development of Naked Non-Waxy Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Huknuri’ with High Anthocyanin Content
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(3):274-279.   Published online September 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.3.274
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Development of Naked Non-Waxy Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Huknuri’ with High Anthocyanin Content
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(3):274-279.   Published online September 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.3.274
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Development of Naked Non-Waxy Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Huknuri’ with High Anthocyanin Content
Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Huknuri’.

Fig. 1

Development of Naked Non-Waxy Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Huknuri’ with High Anthocyanin Content

Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Huknuri’

Cultivars Vernalization Grain husk Leaf Culm Spike Awn length
Color Length Width Length Diameter Type Density
Huknuri IV Naked Green Long Medium Medium Medium 6-rowed low Long
Saessal III Naked Green Long Medium Medium Medium 6-rowed Medium Long

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Huknuri’ cultivated in Iksan, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2009 to 2011

Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike 1000-grain weight (g) Test weight (g)
Huknuri Apr.30 June 4 95±2.5* 5.0±0.92 696±179.5 56±7.0 30.0±0.70** 771±16.9*
Saessal Apr.29 June 3 86±4.3 5.0±0.10 687±99.5 58±0.6 27.0±0.66 786±13.6

Average±SD(standard deviation), (n=12)

*and

**stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by LSD.

Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Huknuri’ tested in Yeoncheon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2009 to 2011

Cultivar Winter killing ratez (%) Degree of lodging (0~9)w Powdery mildewy BaYMVx (0~9)w
Normal High ridge Infection type Iksan (III) Naju (I) Jinju (IV)
Huknuri 74.9 97.3 3* Susceptable 6* 2 1
Saessal 61.8 78.4 0 Susceptable 8 4 1

zData tested at Yeoncheon.

yMeans of Suwon, Iksan and Milyang during RYT.

xBarley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

w0 : Resistence, 9 : Susceptible

*stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Huknuri’

Cultivar Protein cont. (%) Total phenol cont.z (mg/g) Total antho -cyanin cont.z (μg/g) Total flavonoid cont.z (mg/g) Grain pearling Cooking quality
β-glucan (%) Amylose (%) Water absorption rate(%) Expansion rate (%)
Huknuril 12.1±0.60 1.3±0.01 128±12.0* 5.5±0.02 5.7±0.32* 20.8±0.61 220±21.1 395±29.5
Saessal 11.4±0.56 1.2±0.02 69±6.0 4.4±0.42 4.7±0.36 21.6±1.55 218±15.9 388±28.5

Average±SD(standard deviation), (n=12),

z(n=4)

*stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

Carbohydrates composition of ‘Huknuri’

Cultivar Grain pearling
Total carbohydrate (%) Fructose (%) Glucose (%) Sucrose (%) Maltose (%)
Huknuri 4.7±0.61 0.13±0.00* 0.18±0.00* 0.61±0.05* 0.54±0.06
Saessal 4.2±0.32 0.06±0.00 0.12±0.10 0.41±0.03 0.55±0.05

Average±SD(standard deviation)

*stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

Yield potential of ‘Huknuri’in the regional yield trials(RYT) tested in Iksan, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2009 to 2011

Field Regions Huknuri (MT/ha) Saessal(MT/ha) Index (a/b×100)
2009 2010 2011 Mean(a) 2009 2010 2011 Mean(b)
Paddy Iksan 3.35 3.41 3.43 3.40 5.89 4.38 3.94 4.74 72
Naju 3.08 1.59 3.33 2.67 3.20 1.44 3.89 2.84 94
Jinju 4.12 3.06 3.62 3.60 4.45 3.26 4.22 3.98 91
Daegu 　- 3.01 2.82 2.91 -　 3.22 3.19 3.20 91
Mean 3.52 2.69 3.46 3.17 4.51 3.03 3.81 3.73 85
Table 1 Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Huknuri’
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Huknuri’ cultivated in Iksan, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2009 to 2011

Average±SD(standard deviation), (n=12)

and

stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by LSD.

Table 3 Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Huknuri’ tested in Yeoncheon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2009 to 2011

Data tested at Yeoncheon.

Means of Suwon, Iksan and Milyang during RYT.

Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

0 : Resistence, 9 : Susceptible

stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

Table 4 Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Huknuri’

Average±SD(standard deviation), (n=12),

(n=4)

stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

Table 5 Carbohydrates composition of ‘Huknuri’

Average±SD(standard deviation)

stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

Table 6 Yield potential of ‘Huknuri’in the regional yield trials(RYT) tested in Iksan, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2009 to 2011

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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