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다수성 종실용 옥수수 단교잡 신품종 ‘황다옥’

손범영*, 백성범, 김정태, 이진석, 배환희, 고영삼, 김선림

Single Cross Maize Hybrid ‘Hwangdaok’ for High Grain Yield

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(2):105-109.
Published online: June 1, 2019

국립식량과학원

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*(E-mail: sonby@korea.kr, Tel: +82-31-695-4039, Fax: +82-31-695-4029)
• Received: March 20, 2019   • Revised: March 26, 2019   • Accepted: April 20, 2019

Copyright: © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘Hwangdaok’, a new maize F1 hybrid (Zea mays L.), was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2016. The high-yielding yellow dent hybrid named ‘Hwangdaok’ was obtained by crossing between two inbred lines, ‘KS203’ and ‘KS190’. After advanced yield trial in Suwon in 2012, regional yield trial was subsequently carried out to evaluate the growth and yield of ‘Hwangdaok’ at three different locations from 2014 to 2016. The number of days to silking of ‘Hwangdaok’ is 76. The plant height is 262 cm and ear height ratio is 51%, which are similar to those of ‘Jangdaok’. It has resistance to lodging. The number of ears per 100 plants is 95. The ear length is 21.3 cm and weight of 100 seeds is 34.7 g, similar to those of ‘Jangdaok’. It has moderate resistance to southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis) and European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). The grain yield (10 ton/ha) of ‘Hwangdaok’ is 6% higher than that of ‘Jangdaok’. The seed production rate of ‘Hwangdaok’ is acceptable due to good synchronization of flowering period during crossing between the seed parent, KS203, and the pollen parent, KS190, in Yeongwol. F1 seed yield was 1.68 ton/ha. ‘Hwangdaok’ can be a suitable cultivar to plain areas in Korea. (Variety registration No. 7502).
옥수수(Zea mays L.)는 세계 3대 작물의 하나로 식량과 사료로써 널리 이용되고 있다. 옥수수는 배유에 저장되어 있는 전분질, 단백질 및 기름의 함량이 적지 않고 특히 황색종은 비타민 A가 풍부하여 식품이나 공업원료용, 농후사료로서 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 2016년의 통계자료에 따르면 옥수수 수입량 974만톤 중 소, 돼지, 닭 등 가축의 배합사료용으로 이용된 것이 764만톤으로 옥수수 수입량의 대부분을 차지하고 있다(Statistics Korea 2017). 현재 사료용을 포함한 옥수수 곡물자급률은 0.8%에 불과해 곡물자급률을 제고하기 위한 적극적인 정책수단과 노력이 필요한 것으로 보고 있다(Statistics Korea 2017). 우리나라 곡물자급률을 제고하기 위해서는 다수성 종실용 옥수수를 육성하고 다수확 재배기술을 개발하여 옥수수 생산량을 늘려야 한다고 생각한다. 최근 농촌진흥청에서는 광평옥(Moon et al. 2001, Son et al. 2006b, Son et al. 2009), 강다옥(Son et al. 2006a), 장다옥(Son et al. 2004), 안다옥(Son et al. 2013), 다평옥(Son et al. 2015) 등 다수성 종실용 옥수수 품종을 지속적으로 개발해 왔다. 이번에 개발된 ‘황다옥’은 기존 품종들보다 생육 및 수량 특성이 우수한 것으로 판명되었기에 품종의 육성경위, 주요 생육특성 및 수량성 등을 보고하고자 한다.
본 연구는 조숙 다수성 종실용 옥수수 신품종 육성을 위해 2014~2016년까지 3년간 수원, 홍천, 대구 등 3지역에서 수행하였다.
고유특성조사 및 생산력 검정시험
출사일수는 파종일부터 출사일까지의 소요된 생육일수로 하였다. 간장은 지면에서 웅수목까지의 길이를 측정하였고 착수고는 지면으로부터 최상단 이삭이 달린 마디까지의 높이를 측정하였다. 도복의 조사범위는 1~9로 우수한 것을 1, 불량한 것을 9로 표시하였다. 깨씨무늬병(Southern leaf blight: Bipolaris maydis), 그을음무늬병(Northern leaf blight: Exserohilum turcicum)의 조사범위는 0~9로 저항성은 0, 불량한 것을 9로 표시하였다. 깨씨무늬병은 인공접종하였고, 그을음무늬병은 자연발생조건에서 조사하였다. 조명나방(Corn borer: Ostrina furnacalis)은 자연발생조건에서 조사하였다. 단백질의 분석은 Kjeldahl 분석법에 따라 Kjeltec 2400 auto analyzer (Foss Tecator, Huddinge, Sweden)로 분석을 하였고, 지방의 분석은 Soxtherm Automatic System (Gerhardt Soxtherm 2000, Hoffmannstre, Germany)으로 하였다. 아미노산 조성은 Amino acid Auto-analyzer (Hitachi L-8800, Japan)으로 분석하였다. 종실수량은 구당 4열 가운데 2줄의 이삭을 수확하여 산출하였다. 생산력검정 시험은 2012년 수원에서 수행하였다. 시험구는 난괴법 3반복으로 수행하였으며, 재식밀도는 60 × 30 cm (55,000본/ha)로 하였고 대조품종은 장다옥으로 하였다.
지역적응성 시험
‘황다옥’의 지역적응성 시험은 2014~2016년까지 3년간 수원, 홍천, 대구 등 3지역에서 수행하였으며 ‘장다옥’을 대비품종으로 선정하였는데 이 품종은 2003년 육성된 단교잡종으로 이삭길이가 ‘수원19호’보다 길고 종실수량이 많다(Son et al. 2004). 시비량은 ha당 N-P2O5-K2O = 174-30-69 kg로 그 중 ha당 질소(N) 87 kg, 인산(P2O5) 30 kg, 칼리(K2O) 69 kg을 기비로 파종 전에 시용하였고, 파종 후 본엽 7~8엽기에 질소(N) 87 kg를 추비로 시용하였다. 퇴비는 ha당 15톤을 시용하였다. 파종은 2014년도 수원에서 4월 14일, 홍천에서 4월 25일, 대구에서 4월 14일에 하였으며, 2015년 수원에서 4월 17일, 홍천에서 4월 24일, 대구에서 4월 15일에 하였고, 2016년도 수원에서 4월 18일, 홍천에서 4월 25일, 대구에서 4월 15일에 하였다. 재식밀도는 60 × 30 cm (55,000본/ha)로 하였으며, 한 주에 2립씩 심어 3~4엽기에 한 주에 1개체만 남기고 솎아 주었다. 시험구는 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 통계처리는 SAS프로그램(V.9.1)의 PROC ANOVA procedure를 이용하여 최소유의차검정법(Least Significant Difference Test, LSD)를 통해 평균값을 5% 유의수준에서 비교하였다.
육성경위
‘황다옥’의 교잡 모본인 KS203은 2003년부터 QPM (Quality protein maize) 계통과 교배하여 후대 9세대에 걸쳐 여교잡(Backcross) 및 자식(Selfing)시켜 계통으로 육성한 것이며, 부본인 KS190도 2003년부터 QPM 계통과 교배하여 후대 9세대에 걸쳐 여교잡 및 자식시켜 계통으로 육성하였다. ‘황다옥’은 2009년에 육성된 자식계통 KS203을 종자친(모본)으로 하고 2009년에 육성된 자식계통 KS190을 화분친(부본)으로 하여 교잡된 단교잡종이다. ‘황다옥’은 2012년 수원에서 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2014~2016년까지 3년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2016년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되어 ‘황다옥’으로 명명되었다(Figs. 1, 2).
Fig. 1
Breeding procedure of ‘Hwangdaok’.
KJBS_51_105_fig_1.jpg
Fig. 2
Picture of plant type and ear appearance of ‘Hwangdaok’.
KJBS_51_105_fig_2.jpg
고유특성
‘황다옥’의 수염색은 대비품종인 ‘장다옥’과 같이 담녹색이고 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다(Table 1). ‘황다옥’의 출사일수는 76일, 간장은 262 cm, 착수고율은 51%로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. 도복은 ‘장다옥’ 정도로 강한 것으로 나타났다. 100주당 이삭수가 많으며, 이삭길이는 21.3 cm로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. Moon et al. (2001)은 광평옥이 이삭길이가 짧아 수량구성요소에 영향을 미쳐 개선이 요구된다고 하였다. 따라서 이삭길이가 개선된 ‘황다옥’은 농가의 재배선호도가 높을 것으로 사료된다.
Table 1
Color of silk, seed coat and type of grain of ‘Hwangdaok’.
Table 1
Hybrid Color of silk Color of seed coat Type of grain
Hwangdaok Light green Yellow Dent
Jangdaok Light green Yellow Dent
100립중은 34.7 g으로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다(Table 2). 깨씨무늬병은 중강정도의 저항성이며, 그을음무늬병에는 강한 저항성이다(Table 3).
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Hwangdaok’.
Table 2
Hybrid Days to silking
(days)
Plant height
(cm)
Ratioz
(%)
Lodgingy
(1~9)
Ear per 100 plants
(No.)
Ear length
(cm)
100 seeds weight
(g)
Hwangdaok 76a 262a 51a 3.3a 95a 21.3a 34.7a
Jangdaok 77a 258a 49a 2.4a 94a 21.5a 33.1a

zEar height ratio = ear height/plant height × 100

y1 : excellent, 9 : poor

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level
Table 3
Resistance to disease of ‘Hwangdaok’.
Table 3
Hybrid Disease resistancez Corn borery (0~9)

Southern leaf blight (0~9) Northern leaf blight (0~9)
Hwangdaok MR (4.0a)x R (1.0a) MR (6.6a)
Jangdaok MR (5.0a) R (1.5a) MR (6.6a)

zDisease resistence: 0 : excellent, 9 : poor

yCorn borerg: 0 : excellent, 9 : poor

xR: Resistance, MR: Moderate Resistance

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level
수량성 및 품질
‘황다옥’(수원206호)의 생산력검정시험을 2012년 수원에서 실시하였다. 생산력검정시험에서 ‘황다옥’의 종실수량은 ha당 7.56톤으로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하였다(Table 4).
Table 4
Grain yield of ‘Hwangdaok’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2012 in Suwon, NICS.
Table 4
Hybrid Grain yield (ton/ha) Index (%)
Hwangdaok 7.56a 97
Jangdaok 7.79a 100

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

‘황다옥’의 지역적응시험은 2014~2016년까지 3년동안 수원 등 3지역에서 수행하였다. ‘황다옥’의 종실수량은 ha당 10톤으로 ‘장다옥’보다 6% 많았으나 통계적 유의한 차이는 없었다(Table 5).
Table 5
Grain yield of ‘Hwangdaok’ in regional yield trial from 2014 to 2016.
Table 5
Location Hwangdaok (ton/ha) Jangdaok (ton/ha)


2014 2015 2016 Mean 2014 2015 2016 Mean
Suwon 8.63 5.84 10.81 8.43a 8.67 6.98 10.13 8.59a
Hongcheon 10.49 11.49 11.51 11.16a 8.40 10.72 9.93 9.68a
Daegu 10.11 9.43 11.68 10.42a 9.42 9.86 10.57 9.95a

Mean 9.74 8.92 11.33 10.00A (106) 8.83 9.19 10.21 9.41A (100)

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

옥수수 1대잡종품종(F1품종)은 해마다 교잡하여 종자를 채종해야 한다. 채종할 때 채종지역의 기상, 토양 등에 따라 지역간 모본과 부본의 개화반응이 다르게 나타나므로 최근 보급종을 생산하고 있는 강원도 영월지역에서 채종 안정성을 검토하였다. 2016년에 ‘황다옥’ 모본(KS203)과 부본(KS190)의 재식비율을 2∶1로 동시 파종하여 채종시험을 한 결과 모본의 출사기와 부본의 화분비산기간이 일치하였고 착립장률은 91%였다. ‘황다옥’의 채종수량은 ha당 1.68톤이었다(Table 6).
Table 6
F1 Seed production trial of ‘Hwangdaok’ at Yeongwol.
Table 6
Planting rate
(♀:♂)
Inbred Silking date Pollen dispersal
period
Ear length
(cm)
Fertile kernels
(%)
F1seed yield
(ton/ha)
2 : 1 KS203 (♀) July 10 - 16.7 91 1.68
KS190 (♂) - July 7~12 - - -
‘황다옥’의 조단백질 및 지방 함량은 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하였으며, 필수아미노산인 라이신 함량은 ‘장다옥’보다 13% 많았으나 통계적 유의적인 차이는 없었다(Table 7).
Table 7
Crude protein, crude oil and lysine content of ‘Hwangdaok’.
Table 7
Hybrid Crude protein
(g/100g)
Crude oil
(g/100g)
Lysine
(%)
Hwangdaok 9.5a 2.8a 3.4a
Jangdaok 9.1a 3.7a 3.0a

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

재배상의 유의점
‘황다옥’은 전국에서 재배가 가능하지만 남부평야지의 검은줄오갈병이 많이 발생되는 지역(Lee et al. 1987, Lee et al. 1988)은 재배를 피하고, 4월 중순 및 하순경에 토양수분이 충분할 때 파종하며 검은줄오갈병 매개체인 애멸구 발생시기를 피하여야 한다.
‘황다옥’은 다수성 종실용 옥수수 품종 개발을 위하여 2009년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS203과 KS190을 교잡하여 육성한 다수성 1대 교잡 품종(F1품종)이다. ‘황다옥’의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다. 2012년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2014~2016년까지 3년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 우수성이 인정되어 2016년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되었고 ‘황다옥’으로 명명하였다. ‘황다옥’의 출사일수는 76일, 간장은 262 cm, 착수고율은 51%로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. 도복은 ‘장다옥’ 정도로 강한 것으로 나타났다. 100주당 이삭수가 많으며, 이삭길이는 21.3 cm, 100립중은 34.7 g으로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. 깨씨무늬병은 중강정도의 저항성이며, 그을음무늬병에는 강한 저항성이었다. 조명나방 저항성은 중 정도를 보인다. ‘황다옥’의 종실수량은 ha당 10톤으로 ‘장다옥’보다 6% 더 많았다. 2∶1 (모본∶부본) 재식비율로 동시 파종하여 채종시험한 결과 모본 출사기와 부본 화분비산기간이 일치하였으며 채종수량은 ha당 1.68톤이었다. ‘황다옥’은 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ01429202)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
  • 1. Lee SS, Lee JM. 1987. Productivity of silage corn hybrids in rice black-streaked dwarf virus prevalent region. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 7: 140-145.
  • 2. Lee SS, Park KY, Park SU, Lee SS. 1988. Population of Laodelphax striatellus, percentage of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) viruliferous vector and RBSDV infection of maize in different locations. Korean Journal of Crop Science 33: 74-80.
  • 3. Moon HG, Son BY, Cha SW, Jung TW, Lee YH, Seo JH, Min HK, Choi KJ, Huh CS, Kim SD. 2001. A new single cross hybrid for silage “Kwangpyeongok”. Korean J Breed Sci 33: 350-351.
  • 4. Son BY, Baek SB, Kim JT, Lee JS, Bae HH, Kim WH, Jung JK, Seo BY, Huh CS, Park JY. 2015. Single cross maize hybrid with lodging tolerance for grain, 'Dapyeongok'. Korean J Breed Sci 47: 87-91.
  • 5. Son BY, Baek SB, Kim JT, Lee JS, Ku JH, Kwon YU, Huh CS, Park JY. 2013. Growth characteristics and productivity of single cross maize hybrid for grain, 'Andaok'. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 33: 1-5.
  • 6. Son BY, Kim JT, Song SY, Baek SB, Kim CK, Kim JD. 2009. Comparison of yield and forage quality of silage corns of different planting dates. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 29: 179-186.
  • 7. Son BY, Moon HG, Jung TW, Kim SJ, Kim JD. 2006b. Comparison of agronomic characteristics, yield and feed value of different corn hybrids for silage. Korean Journal of Crop Science 51: 233-238.
  • 8. Son BY, Moon HG, Jung TW, Kim SJ, Sung BR, Huh CS, Ryu SH. 2006a. A new corn hybrid cultivar, “Gangdaok” for silage. Korean J Breed Sci 38: 149-150.
  • 9. Son BY, Moon HG, Jung TW, Park NK, Kim SK, Cha SW, Rye YH, Sung BR, Huh CS, Ryu SH. 2004. A new single cross maize hybrid cultivar, “Jangdaok” for grain and silage. Korean J Breed Sci 36: 185-186.
  • 10. Statistics Korea. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2017. http://lib.mafra.go.kr

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Single Cross Maize Hybrid ‘Hwangdaok’ for High Grain Yield
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(2):105-109.   Published online June 1, 2019
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Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(2):105-109.   Published online June 1, 2019
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Single Cross Maize Hybrid ‘Hwangdaok’ for High Grain Yield
Image Image
Fig. 1 Breeding procedure of ‘Hwangdaok’.
Fig. 2 Picture of plant type and ear appearance of ‘Hwangdaok’.
Single Cross Maize Hybrid ‘Hwangdaok’ for High Grain Yield

Color of silk, seed coat and type of grain of ‘Hwangdaok’.

Hybrid Color of silk Color of seed coat Type of grain
Hwangdaok Light green Yellow Dent
Jangdaok Light green Yellow Dent

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Hwangdaok’.

Hybrid Days to silking
(days)
Plant height
(cm)
Ratioz
(%)
Lodgingy
(1~9)
Ear per 100 plants
(No.)
Ear length
(cm)
100 seeds weight
(g)
Hwangdaok 76a 262a 51a 3.3a 95a 21.3a 34.7a
Jangdaok 77a 258a 49a 2.4a 94a 21.5a 33.1a

zEar height ratio = ear height/plant height × 100

y1 : excellent, 9 : poor

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Resistance to disease of ‘Hwangdaok’.

Hybrid Disease resistancez Corn borery (0~9)

Southern leaf blight (0~9) Northern leaf blight (0~9)
Hwangdaok MR (4.0a)x R (1.0a) MR (6.6a)
Jangdaok MR (5.0a) R (1.5a) MR (6.6a)

zDisease resistence: 0 : excellent, 9 : poor

yCorn borerg: 0 : excellent, 9 : poor

xR: Resistance, MR: Moderate Resistance

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Grain yield of ‘Hwangdaok’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2012 in Suwon, NICS.

Hybrid Grain yield (ton/ha) Index (%)
Hwangdaok 7.56a 97
Jangdaok 7.79a 100

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Grain yield of ‘Hwangdaok’ in regional yield trial from 2014 to 2016.

Location Hwangdaok (ton/ha) Jangdaok (ton/ha)


2014 2015 2016 Mean 2014 2015 2016 Mean
Suwon 8.63 5.84 10.81 8.43a 8.67 6.98 10.13 8.59a
Hongcheon 10.49 11.49 11.51 11.16a 8.40 10.72 9.93 9.68a
Daegu 10.11 9.43 11.68 10.42a 9.42 9.86 10.57 9.95a

Mean 9.74 8.92 11.33 10.00A (106) 8.83 9.19 10.21 9.41A (100)

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

F1 Seed production trial of ‘Hwangdaok’ at Yeongwol.

Planting rate
(♀:♂)
Inbred Silking date Pollen dispersal
period
Ear length
(cm)
Fertile kernels
(%)
F1seed yield
(ton/ha)
2 : 1 KS203 (♀) July 10 - 16.7 91 1.68
KS190 (♂) - July 7~12 - - -

Crude protein, crude oil and lysine content of ‘Hwangdaok’.

Hybrid Crude protein
(g/100g)
Crude oil
(g/100g)
Lysine
(%)
Hwangdaok 9.5a 2.8a 3.4a
Jangdaok 9.1a 3.7a 3.0a

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 1 Color of silk, seed coat and type of grain of ‘Hwangdaok’.
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Hwangdaok’.

Ear height ratio = ear height/plant height × 100

1 : excellent, 9 : poor

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 3 Resistance to disease of ‘Hwangdaok’.

Disease resistence: 0 : excellent, 9 : poor

Corn borerg: 0 : excellent, 9 : poor

R: Resistance, MR: Moderate Resistance

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 4 Grain yield of ‘Hwangdaok’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2012 in Suwon, NICS.

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 5 Grain yield of ‘Hwangdaok’ in regional yield trial from 2014 to 2016.

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 6 F1 Seed production trial of ‘Hwangdaok’ at Yeongwol.
Table 7 Crude protein, crude oil and lysine content of ‘Hwangdaok’.

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level