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건식 쌀가루 전용 뽀얀메 ‘한가루’

원용재1, 안억근1,*, 정응기1, 장재기2, 이정희1, 정국현1, 현웅조1, 조영찬1, 오세관1, 윤미라1, 김보경1, 김병주1

An Opaque Endosperm Rice Cultivar, ‘Hangaru’, Suitable for Exclusive Dry-Milling Rice Flour Production

Yong-Jae Won1, Eok-Keun Ahn1,*, Eung-Gi Jeong1, Jae-Ki Chang2, Jeong-Heui Lee1, Kuk-Hyun Jung1, Ung-Jo Hyun1, Young-Chan Cho1, Sea-Kwan Oh1, Mi-Ra Yoon1, Bo-Kyeong Kim1, Byeong-Ju Kim1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(2):134-139.
Published online: June 1, 2019

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부

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*(E-mail: okahn@korea.kr, Tel: +82-31-695-4027, Fax: +82-31-695-4029)
• Received: April 22, 2019   • Revised: April 24, 2019   • Accepted: May 14, 2019

Copyright: © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • The ‘Hangaru’ is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘Seolgaeng’, which is suitable for making rice wine, and ‘Daeripbyeo1’, which has a heavy grain weight (34.8g) and is suitable for deep fried rice, by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, in 2017. The heading date of ‘Hangaru’ was August 18 and was 10 days later than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’, in Suwon. It had a culm length of 79 cm and 102 spikelets per panicle, and showed similar tolerance to ‘Hwaseong’ when exposed to cold stress. ‘Hangaru’ showed medium resistance to blast disease, but susceptibility to bacterial blight, viruses and brown planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited an opaque and non-glutinous endosperm. The 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was 32.9 g, which was 10.8 g heavier than that of ‘Hwaseong’; the protein content was 7.0% and the amylose content (19.2%) was similar to that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice recovery rate was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. However, opaque grain percentage of milled rice was 88.1%. The hardness of the rice grain was soft and the starch granule shape in the endosperm was round, similar to wheat. The average size of rice flour was 71.0 µm and the damaged starch rate was 6.4%. These results showed that this variety could be suitable for dry milling rice flour production. ‘Hangaru’ had a yield of 5.42 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation, which was 99% of that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Hangaru’ was adaptable to the middle plain area and Mid-west coast of Korea (Registration No. 7270).
최근 서구화된 식생활 변화 및 간편식을 선호하는 소비 양상의 변화로 쌀 소비량은 지속적인 감소를 보여 2018년 연간 1인당 쌀소비량은 61.0 kg이었고(KOSTAT 2019), 연말 재고량이 154만톤에 달하였다. 쌀 소비량을 늘릴 수 있는 방안으로 쌀 가공산업 활성화가 이루어져야 하는데 아직 우리나라 쌀 가공업체는 영세하고, 밀에 비해 원료곡 가격 및 제분 비용이 높으며 제분 기술 등의 기반이 취약한 상황이다. 쌀가루는 습식, 반습식 및 건식의 제분방법에 의해 제조되는데, 고운 쌀가루를 제조하면서 손상전분을 줄일 수 있는 방법이 습식제분이다(Chiang & Yeh 2002). 그러나 습식 제분은 유통기간이 짧고 제조공정이 복잡하여 가공비용이 높은 단점이 있어(Yeh 2004) 최근 개발된 기류식제분기를 사용한 건식 제분 방법이 대안으로 검토되고 있다. 본 논문은 배유가 밀과 같은 형태의 연질이면서 전분구조가 둥근 형태를 가지고 있고, 건식쌀가루 품질이 우수한 건식제분 전용 신품종 ‘한가루’를 개발하였기에 품종의 육성 경위 및 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
재배방법 및 농업특성 조사
본 시험은 ‘수원594호’를 2015~2016년 2년간 보통기에 중부평야지 5개 지역과 호남평야지 1개 지역에서 ‘화성’을 대비품종으로 비교 검토하였다(RDA 2016a, RDA 2017). 중부 및 호남평야지에서 4월 25일에 파종하여 5월25일에 재식거리 30 × 15 cm로 주당 3본씩 이앙하였다. 시비량은 N-P2O5-K2O를 각각 성분량으로 9-4.5-5.7 kg/10a을 시비하였다. 질소는 기비 50%, 분얼비 20%와 수비 30%로 3회 분시하였고, 인산은 전량 기비, 칼리는 기비 70%, 수비 30%로 2회 분시하였다.
기타 재배관리와 수량구성요소, 수량성 및 도정특성은 농촌진흥청 신품종개발 공동연구사업 조사기준에 준하여 실시하였다(RDA 2015, RDA 2016b).
내병충성 검정
잎도열병검정은 12개 지역에서 밭못자리에 파종하여 30일 후 계통들의 이병 정도를 조사하였다. 흰잎마름병은 K1 (HB1013 균주), K2 (HB1014), K3 (HB1015) 및 K3a (HB1009) 균계를 최고분얼기에 개체별 가위절엽접종하여 30일 후에 이병정도를 조사하였다. 바이러스검정은 유묘 본엽 2~3엽기에 보독충 접종을 3~4일간 실시하고, 접종 후 30일에 조사하였다.
쌀가루 특성 분석
건식쌀가루 특성 조사는 Yoon et al. (2016)의 방법에 따랐는데, 입자크기에 따른 품질 특성 차이를 비교하기 위하여 기류식제분기(Air-Classification Mill, ACM185, Hankook Crusher Co., Korea)를 이용하여 분쇄하였다. 제조된 건식쌀가루를 메시(mesh)별 체를 통과시켜 60~100 메시, 100~150 메시, 150~200 메시, 200~250 메시의 4가지 입도로 구분하였고, 각각의 건식쌀가루 입자크기는 입도분석기(Malvern Mastersizer 2000, Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK)로 측정하였다. 쌀가루의 손상전분 함량은 Megazyme starch damage assay kit (Megazyme International Ltd., Wicklow, Ireland)를 사용하여 AACC method 76-31에 의하여 분석하였다.
육성 경위
건식 쌀가루 전용 벼 ‘한가루’는 2007년 하계에 중만생종이면서 현미천립중이 34.8 g인 대립으로 쌀 튀김성과 현미 튀김 정립률이 좋은 ‘대립벼1호’(Choi et al. 1994)를 모본으로, 밥맛이 우수한 ‘일품’ 돌연변이로 뽀얀 멥쌀 특성을 가져 양조용으로 산업화에 성공하였고, 건식 쌀가루 생산에 적합한 쌀로 보고된 ‘설갱’(Hong et al. 2011, Kwak et al. 2017)을 부본으로 교배하여 SR31706 교배번호를 부여하였다. F1 38개체를 양성하였고, F2 750개체를 공시하여 F3 29개체를 선발하였으며 F6까지 계통으로 전개하여 주요 병해충 및 배유 특성을 검정한 결과 유망한 SR31706-6-1-5-2 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 계통에 대해 생산력검정 예비선발시험에서 특성이 우수하여 ‘수원594호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2015년과 2016년에 지역적응시험과 동시에 생산력검정을 실시한 결과 대립이면서 뽀얀메 특성을 보였고, 건식 쌀가루 특성의 우수성이 인정되어 2016년 12월 농촌진흥청 직무육성신품종선정심의위원회에서 국내 최초 건식쌀가루 전용 품종으로 선정됨과 동시에 ‘한가루’로 명명되었다. ‘한가루’의 육성과정과 계보도는 Fig. 1 및 Fig. 2와 같다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Hangaru’.
KJBS_51_134_fig_1.jpg
Fig. 2
Genealogical diagram of ‘Hangaru’.
KJBS_51_134_fig_2.jpg
주요특성

1. 주요 농업적 특성

‘한가루’의 출수기는 육성모지인 수원 보통기재배에서 평균 8월 18일로 ‘화성’보다 7일 늦은 중만생종이다(Table 1). 간장은 79 cm로 ‘화성’보다 4 ㎝ 작지만 이삭길이는 21 cm, 주당 이삭수는 12개로 2개 적고, 이삭당 입수는 102개로 ‘화성’과 비슷하였다. 등숙비율은 81.4%로 ‘화성’보다 낮았지만 현미 천립중은 32.9 g으로 ‘화성’ 보다 약 10 g 무겁다.
Table 1
Major agronomic traits and yield components. (’15~’16, Suwon)
Table 1
Variety Heading Date Culm lengthz (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles/hill No. of spikelet /panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) 1000-grain weight of brown rice (g)
Hangaru Aug.18** 79ns 21 12 102ns 81.4ns 32.9**
Hwaseong Aug.11 83 21 14 103 84.1 22.1

zLength from soil surface to panicle neck

**Significant at 1% level

nsNot significant

2. 병해충 저항성

‘한가루’는 전국 12개 지역에서 실시한 잎도열병 밭못자리 검정 결과 평균 6.0으로 ‘화성’과 비슷한 중 정도를 보였고, 목도열병 이병수율은 익산에서 23.1%로 화성보다 높게 조사되었다(Table 2). ‘한가루’는 흰잎마름병, 바이러스병 및 벼멸구에 대한 저항성이 없었다(Table 3). 복합내병성은 소비자 선호도가 높은 친환경 원료곡 생산을 위한 재배안정성 및 안전 농산물 공급을 위하여 반드시 갖춰야 할 특성이므로(Kim et al. 2015) 앞으로 생산 및 소비 증대를 위하여 개선해야 할 과제이다.
Table 2
Reaction to blast disease. (’15~’16, LATw)
Table 2
Variety Reaction to blast nursery test (0-9)z Reaction to neck blastx (%)
No. of tested sitesy
R (0-3) M (4-6) S (7-9) Mean Icheon Milyang Iksan
Hangaru 0 8 4 6.0 1.6 0.0 23.1*
Hwaseong 1 8 3 5.5 0.3 0.0 10.7

zN fertilizer of blast nursery test: 240 kg/ha

yR: Resistant, M: Moderately resistant, S: Susceptible

xN fertilizer of neck blast test: 220 kg/ha

wLocal Adaptability Test

*Significant at 5% level

Table 3
Reaction to bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pests. (’15~’16, LAT)
Table 3
Variety Bacterial blightz Virus diseases Resistance to insectsy
K1 K2 K3 K3a Stripe (%) Dwarf BSDx BPH SBPH
Hangaru S S S S S (86.7) S S S S
Hwaseong S S S S R (27.2) S S S S

zR: Resistant, S: Susceptible

yBPH: Brown planthopper, SBPH: Small brown planthopper

xBSD: Black stripe dwarf

3. 생리장해 저항성

‘한가루’는 불시출수 현상은 없었고, 성숙기 하엽노화가 느렸으며 위조현상은 없었다. 냉수처리 결과 출수지연일수가 13일로 ‘화성’보다 5일 길었고, 냉수구 임실율이 낮아 내랭성은 ‘화성’보다 약한 정도를 보였다. 수발아검정에서 2015~2016년 2개년 평균 36.7%로 ‘화성’의 25.6% 보다 높은 발아율을 보였지만 통계적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 모본이면서 뽀얀메 특성을 가진 설갱과 비슷한 수준을 보여 뽀얀메 벼 고유 특성 여부는 다양한 방법으로 검토가 필요하다. ‘한가루’는 벼알이 굵고 이삭당 벼알도 화성과 비슷한 정도이지만 줄기가 굵어 포장에서 도복이 일어나지 않아 재배안전성은 갖춘 것으로 판단되었다(Table 4).
Table 4
Response to physiological and abiotic stresses. (’15~’16, LAT)
Table 4
Variety Premature heading (%) Occurrence of wilting Leaf senescence at maturing Lodging in field Cold tolerancez Viviparous Germinationw (%)
Seedling stage (1-9)y Heading Delay (day) Grain Fertility (%) PAx
Hangaru 0.0 Strong Late Strong 5 13 38ns 7 36.7ns
Hwaseong 0.0 Strong Late Strong 4 8 51 6 25.6

zCold tolerance was evaluated in Chuncheon cold-water (17℃) irrigated nursery

yEvaluation at maximum tillering stage (1: tolerance; 9: susceptible)

xPhenotypic Acceptability

wGermination rate at 7 days after incubation

nsNot significant

4. 미질, 도정 및 쌀가루 특성

‘한가루’의 입형은 현미 장폭비가 1.81로 중대립이고, 백미 알칼리붕괴도는 6.2, 단백질함량은 7.0%로 높은 편이며, 아밀로스함량은 19.2%로 ‘화성’과 비슷하였다(Table 5). ‘한가루’의 도정특성 중 제현율이 화성보다 낮아 도정률은 71.7%로 화성보다 2.6% 낮았지만, 분상질립률이 88.1%로 쌀 외관은 설갱과 같은 뽀얀 멥쌀이었다(Table 6). 한편 배유내 전분구조가 밀과 같이 둥글고(Fig. 3), 건식 쌀가루의 입자는 평균 71.0 µm로 화성과 비슷하였지만, 손상전분률이 6.42%로 낮아(Table 7) 부본으로 사용한 ‘설갱’과 같이 쌀가공에 적합한 건식 쌀가루 생산이 가능하여 앞으로 쌀 가공산업 활성화에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
Table 5
Physico-chemical properties of ‘Hangaru’. (’15~’16, LAT)
Table 5
Variety Brown rice White core/velly Alkali digestive value (1~7) Protein Content (%) Amylose Content (%)
Length (mm) Width (mm) L/W ratio
Hangaru 5.54* 3.08ns 1.81ns opaque 6.2 7.0* 19.2ns
Hwaseong 5.07 2.80 1.78 1/0 6.4 6.0 19.6

*Significant at 5% level,

nsNot significant

Table 6
Characteristics related to milling quality. (’16, LAT)
Table 6
Variety Milling recovery ratio (%) Opaque rice grain ratio (%)
Brown/rough Milled/brown Milled/rough
Hangaru 80.3ns 89.3ns 71.7* 88.1**
Hwaseong 82.3 90.3 74.3 6.4

*,**Significant at 5% and 1% level

nsNot significant

Fig. 3
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of the cross section of rice endosperm of ‘Hangaru’ (A), ‘Seolgaeng’ (B) and ‘Daerip1’ (C).
KJBS_51_134_fig_3.jpg
Table 7
Characteristics related to dry-milling rice flour. (’16, LAT)
Table 7
Variety Mean particle size (㎛) Damaged starch rate (%) Grain hardnessz (kg) Starch granule structure
Hangaru 71.0ns 6.42* 2.6* Spherical
Hwaseong 71.6 9.35 3.3 Polygon

zHardness at 16% grain moisture content

*Significant at 5% level

nsNot significant

5. 수량성

‘한가루’의 백미수량은 2015~2016년 2개년 간 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 중부평야지 및 호남평야지 5개소 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 쌀수량이 5.42 MT/ha로 화성과 비슷한 수량성을 보였다(Table 8).
Table 8
Yield potential of ‘Hangaru’ on local adaptability test. (’15~’16, LAT)
Table 8
Cultivation Region No. of tested sites Average milled rice yield (MT/ha) Index (A/B)
Hangaru Hwaseong
’15 ’16 Ave. (A) ’15 ’16 Ave. (B)
Ordinary Middle plain area 4 5.38 5.47 5.43ns 5.54 5.37 5.45 100
Honam plain area 1 5.31 5.47 5.39* 5.90 5.39 5.65 96
Average - 5.37 5.47 5.42ns 5.61 5.37 5.49 99

*Significant at 5% level

nsNot significant

재배상의 유의점
‘한가루’는 질소질 비료 과용 시 출수 지연, 등숙저하, 숙색불량 및 병해충 발생이 우려되므로 적정 균형시비가 필요하다. 특히 도열병, 흰잎마름병, 바이러스병 및 멸구류에 저항성이 없으므로 적기 기본방제가 필요하다. 벼알이 중대립이므로 조기낙수 시 등숙이 불량하여 불완전미 발생 및 도정수율이 낮아질수 있다. 또한 내랭성이 약하므로 냉수용출답이나 극만식재배를 피하고, 등숙기에 수발아의 위험이 있으므로 적기 이앙 및 수확해야 한다.
‘한가루’는 쌀 소비량을 높이고 쌀 가공산업 활성화를 위하여 건식 쌀가루 전용 품종을 육성할 목적으로 2007년 하계에 ‘대립벼1호’를 모본으로, 양조용으로 산업화에 성공한 뽀얀메 ‘설갱’을 부본으로 교배하였고 계통육종법으로 세대를 진전하면서 특성검정을 실시한 후, SR31706-6-1-5-2계통을 ‘수원594호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2015년부터 2016년까지 지역적응시험 2년을 실시한 결과 2016년 12월 농촌진흥청 직무육성신품종선정심의위원회에서 국가목록등재 품종으로 선정됨과 동시에 ‘한가루’로 명명되었다. ‘한가루’의 출수기는 육성모지인 수원 보통기 재배에서 평균 출수기가 8월 18일로 ‘화성’보다 7일 늦은 중만생종이고, 벼 키는 79 cm이었으며, 이삭길이와 이삭당 입수는 화성과 비슷하였다. 등숙률은 81.4%로 ‘화성’보다 낮았지만 현미천립중은 32.9 g으로 화성보다 10 g 정도 무겁다. ‘한가루’는 도열병에 중정도이지만, 흰잎마름병, 바이러스병 및 해충에 저항성은 없었다. ‘한가루’는 도복에 강하지만, 수발아와 내랭성은 ‘화성’보다 약하였다. ‘한가루’의 쌀은 분상질립률이 88.1%인 뽀얀메이고 배유내 전분구조는 밀과 같이 둥근형태이었다. 단백질함량은 7.0%로 높은 편이고 아밀로스함량은 19.2%로 ‘화성’과 비슷하였으며 도정률은 71.7%로 ‘화성’보다 낮았다. 건식쌀가루의 평균 크기는 71.0 µm로 화성과 비슷하였으나 손상전분률이 6.42%로 낮아 쌀가공에 적합한 쌀가루였다. ‘한가루’의 쌀수량은 중부평야지와 호남평야지 북부에서 평균 5.42 MT/ha로 ‘화성’과 비슷한 수량성을 보여 내병충성과 수량성을 고려할 때 중부평야지가 적응지역으로 판단된다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(세부과제명: 중부지역 적응 초다수성 쌀가루 전용품종 육성, 세부과제번호: PJ01289001)의 지원으로 수행된 결과의 일부입니다. ‘한가루’를 육성함에 있어 적극 협력하여주신 국립식량과학원 벼 육종 연구팀 및 각 도농업기술원 지역적응시험 담당자들과 농촌진흥청 연구정책국 관계관 여러분께 깊이 감사 드립니다.
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An Opaque Endosperm Rice Cultivar, ‘Hangaru’, Suitable for Exclusive Dry-Milling Rice Flour Production
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(2):134-139.   Published online June 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.2.134
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An Opaque Endosperm Rice Cultivar, ‘Hangaru’, Suitable for Exclusive Dry-Milling Rice Flour Production
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(2):134-139.   Published online June 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.2.134
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An Opaque Endosperm Rice Cultivar, ‘Hangaru’, Suitable for Exclusive Dry-Milling Rice Flour Production
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Hangaru’.
Fig. 2 Genealogical diagram of ‘Hangaru’.
Fig. 3 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of the cross section of rice endosperm of ‘Hangaru’ (A), ‘Seolgaeng’ (B) and ‘Daerip1’ (C).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

An Opaque Endosperm Rice Cultivar, ‘Hangaru’, Suitable for Exclusive Dry-Milling Rice Flour Production

Major agronomic traits and yield components. (’15~’16, Suwon)

Variety Heading Date Culm lengthz (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles/hill No. of spikelet /panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) 1000-grain weight of brown rice (g)
Hangaru Aug.18** 79ns 21 12 102ns 81.4ns 32.9**
Hwaseong Aug.11 83 21 14 103 84.1 22.1

zLength from soil surface to panicle neck

**Significant at 1% level

nsNot significant

Reaction to blast disease. (’15~’16, LATw)

Variety Reaction to blast nursery test (0-9)z Reaction to neck blastx (%)
No. of tested sitesy
R (0-3) M (4-6) S (7-9) Mean Icheon Milyang Iksan
Hangaru 0 8 4 6.0 1.6 0.0 23.1*
Hwaseong 1 8 3 5.5 0.3 0.0 10.7

zN fertilizer of blast nursery test: 240 kg/ha

yR: Resistant, M: Moderately resistant, S: Susceptible

xN fertilizer of neck blast test: 220 kg/ha

wLocal Adaptability Test

*Significant at 5% level

Reaction to bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pests. (’15~’16, LAT)

Variety Bacterial blightz Virus diseases Resistance to insectsy
K1 K2 K3 K3a Stripe (%) Dwarf BSDx BPH SBPH
Hangaru S S S S S (86.7) S S S S
Hwaseong S S S S R (27.2) S S S S

zR: Resistant, S: Susceptible

yBPH: Brown planthopper, SBPH: Small brown planthopper

xBSD: Black stripe dwarf

Response to physiological and abiotic stresses. (’15~’16, LAT)

Variety Premature heading (%) Occurrence of wilting Leaf senescence at maturing Lodging in field Cold tolerancez Viviparous Germinationw (%)
Seedling stage (1-9)y Heading Delay (day) Grain Fertility (%) PAx
Hangaru 0.0 Strong Late Strong 5 13 38ns 7 36.7ns
Hwaseong 0.0 Strong Late Strong 4 8 51 6 25.6

zCold tolerance was evaluated in Chuncheon cold-water (17℃) irrigated nursery

yEvaluation at maximum tillering stage (1: tolerance; 9: susceptible)

xPhenotypic Acceptability

wGermination rate at 7 days after incubation

nsNot significant

Physico-chemical properties of ‘Hangaru’. (’15~’16, LAT)

Variety Brown rice White core/velly Alkali digestive value (1~7) Protein Content (%) Amylose Content (%)
Length (mm) Width (mm) L/W ratio
Hangaru 5.54* 3.08ns 1.81ns opaque 6.2 7.0* 19.2ns
Hwaseong 5.07 2.80 1.78 1/0 6.4 6.0 19.6

*Significant at 5% level,

nsNot significant

Characteristics related to milling quality. (’16, LAT)

Variety Milling recovery ratio (%) Opaque rice grain ratio (%)
Brown/rough Milled/brown Milled/rough
Hangaru 80.3ns 89.3ns 71.7* 88.1**
Hwaseong 82.3 90.3 74.3 6.4

*,**Significant at 5% and 1% level

nsNot significant

Characteristics related to dry-milling rice flour. (’16, LAT)

Variety Mean particle size (㎛) Damaged starch rate (%) Grain hardnessz (kg) Starch granule structure
Hangaru 71.0ns 6.42* 2.6* Spherical
Hwaseong 71.6 9.35 3.3 Polygon

zHardness at 16% grain moisture content

*Significant at 5% level

nsNot significant

Yield potential of ‘Hangaru’ on local adaptability test. (’15~’16, LAT)

Cultivation Region No. of tested sites Average milled rice yield (MT/ha) Index (A/B)
Hangaru Hwaseong
’15 ’16 Ave. (A) ’15 ’16 Ave. (B)
Ordinary Middle plain area 4 5.38 5.47 5.43ns 5.54 5.37 5.45 100
Honam plain area 1 5.31 5.47 5.39* 5.90 5.39 5.65 96
Average - 5.37 5.47 5.42ns 5.61 5.37 5.49 99

*Significant at 5% level

nsNot significant

Table 1 Major agronomic traits and yield components. (’15~’16, Suwon)

Length from soil surface to panicle neck

Significant at 1% level

Not significant

Table 2 Reaction to blast disease. (’15~’16, LATw)

N fertilizer of blast nursery test: 240 kg/ha

R: Resistant, M: Moderately resistant, S: Susceptible

N fertilizer of neck blast test: 220 kg/ha

Local Adaptability Test

Significant at 5% level

Table 3 Reaction to bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pests. (’15~’16, LAT)

R: Resistant, S: Susceptible

BPH: Brown planthopper, SBPH: Small brown planthopper

BSD: Black stripe dwarf

Table 4 Response to physiological and abiotic stresses. (’15~’16, LAT)

Cold tolerance was evaluated in Chuncheon cold-water (17℃) irrigated nursery

Evaluation at maximum tillering stage (1: tolerance; 9: susceptible)

Phenotypic Acceptability

Germination rate at 7 days after incubation

Not significant

Table 5 Physico-chemical properties of ‘Hangaru’. (’15~’16, LAT)

Significant at 5% level,

Not significant

Table 6 Characteristics related to milling quality. (’16, LAT)

Significant at 5% and 1% level

Not significant

Table 7 Characteristics related to dry-milling rice flour. (’16, LAT)

Hardness at 16% grain moisture content

Significant at 5% level

Not significant

Table 8 Yield potential of ‘Hangaru’ on local adaptability test. (’15~’16, LAT)

Significant at 5% level

Not significant

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

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