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유전자교정 농작물의 실용화 현황 및 전망

박수철1,*, 정영희2, 김경민3, 김주곤4, 고희종5

Gene-Edited Crops: Present Status and their Future

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(3):175-183.
Published online: September 1, 2019

서울대학교 그린바이오과학기술연구원/한국국제생명과학회

전남대학교 자연과학대학

경북대학교 농업생명과학대학

서울대학교 그린바이오과학기술연구원/국제농업기술대학원

서울대학교 농업생명과학대학

Institutes of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea / Sustainability Committee, ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute) KOREA, Seoul, 02835, Republic of Korea

School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea

Institutes of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea / Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology

Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

*(E-mail: scpark1@snu.ac.kr, Tel: +82-33-339-5836, Fax: +82-33-339-5825)
• Received: July 14, 2019   • Revised: July 19, 2019   • Accepted: July 31, 2019

Copyright: © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Gene-Edited Crops: Present Status and their Future
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(3):175-183.   Published online September 1, 2019
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Gene-Edited Crops: Present Status and their Future
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Comparison of breeding methods used in modern agriculture (Source: Chen K. et al. 2019).
Fig. 2 Product pipeline of Calyxt company (Source: www.calyxt.com/products/).
Fig. 3 Comparison of crop development processes: genetically modified crops vs. gene edited crops. (Source: www.calyxt.com/technology/comparison-of-crop-development-processes-traditional-vs-calyxt/)
Gene-Edited Crops: Present Status and their Future

Gene edited crops that the U.S. Department of Agriculture considered to be out of regulatory scope (as of April 2019)z

USDA response Institution Plant Intended trait Technology
2019/4/19 Illinois State Univ. Pennycress “Undisclosed” CRISPR
2019/2/25 Max Planck Institute Nicotiana attenuate Modified nectar composition CRISPR
2019/2/8 Intrexon Lettuce “Undisclosed” “Undisclosed”
2018/9/27 Yield 10 Bioscience Camelina “Undisclosed” CRISPR
2018/8/6 Illinois State Univ. Pennycress “Undisclosed” CRISPR
2018/5/14 Univ. of Florida Tomato Fruits lacking the pedicel abscission zone CRISPR
2018/3/20 Calyxt, Inc. Wheat Nutritionally-Enhanced TALEN
2018/3/19 Benson Hill Biosystems Maize Increased yield “Undisclosed”
2018/1/16 DuPont Pioneer Maize Improved resistance to Northern leaf blight CRISPR
2017/12/29 North Carolina State Univ. Tobacco Low levels of nicotine Meganuclease
2017/10/16 USDA ARS Soybean Drought and salt tolerance CRISPR
2017/9/25 Calyxt Alfalfa Nutritional quality TALEN
2017/8/29 Yield10 Bioscience Camelina sativa “Undisclosed” CRISPR
2017/4/7 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Setaria viridis Delayed flowering time CRISPR
2016/12/2 Simplot Plant Sciences Potato Reduced PPO5 protein TALEN
2016/9/15 Calyxt Potato PPO knock-out TALEN
2016/4/18 DuPont Pioneer Maize Waxy starch CRISPR
2016/4/13 Penn State Univ. White button mushroom Anti-browning CRISPR
2016/2/11 Calyxt Wheat Resistance to powdery mildew TALEN
2015/11/30 Agrivida Maize Increased starch Meganuclease
2015/5/22 Iowa State Univ. Rice Disease resistance TALEN
2015/5/20 Cellectis Plant Sciences Soybean High oleic acid TALEN
2014/8/28 Cellectis Plant Sciences Potato “Undisclosed” TALEN
2012/3/8 Dow AgroScience Maize Reduced phytate ZFN

zProducts that the USDA has not considered to be regulated pursuant to the regulation on the introduction of organisms and products altered or produced through genetic engineering.

Gene edited crops known to be being developed in Japan (As of April 2019).

Institution Plant Intended trait Technology
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Rice Yield increase CRISPR
Univ. of Tsukuba Tomato Increase production of gamma amino butyric acid CRISPR
Osaka Univ. Potato Reduced level of steroidal glycoalkaloids TALEN

Global status of policy development for gene edited crops (as of April 2019).

Status  Country  Agency Is the product is regulated as a GMO (Yes / No)

No DNA sequence from a different species Insertion of DNA from a different species

Targeted deletions Targeted edits Null Segregant Targeted insertions
Policy or policy statement in place Argentina Ministry of Agriculture, Stockbreeding and Fishing No No No Yes Yes
Chile Agricultural and Livestock Service (SAG) No No No Yes Yes
Brazil National Technical Biosafety Commission (CTNBio) No No No Yes Yes
Columbia Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) No No No Yes Yes
Japan Ministry of the Environment No No No Uncertain Yes
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare No No No Uncertain Yes
Israel National Committee for Transgenic Plants No No No Yes Yes
USA US Department of Agriculturez No No No No No
Canada Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Health Canada Canada follows a novelty-triggered, risk-based regulatory approach.

Legal interpretationy EU European Court of Justice Yes Yes Uncertain Yes Yes
New Zealand High Court of New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Under discussion Australia Office of the Gene Technology Regulator No Yes No Yes Yes
Honduras SENASA No No No Yes Yes

zIf a plant pest is not involved as donor, recipient, or vector agent.

yLegal interpretation of existing regulation. Real policy discussion may start in the future.

Table 1 Gene edited crops that the U.S. Department of Agriculture considered to be out of regulatory scope (as of April 2019)z

Products that the USDA has not considered to be regulated pursuant to the regulation on the introduction of organisms and products altered or produced through genetic engineering.

Table 2 Gene edited crops known to be being developed in Japan (As of April 2019).
Table 3 Global status of policy development for gene edited crops (as of April 2019).

If a plant pest is not involved as donor, recipient, or vector agent.

Legal interpretation of existing regulation. Real policy discussion may start in the future.