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근적외선분광분석에 의한 육성계통 벼 유전자원의 아밀로스 및 단백질 성분함량에 관한 통계분석

오세종*, 최유미, 윤혜명, 이명철, 신명재, 유은애, 현도윤, 채병수

Statistical Analysis of Amylose and Protein Content in Breeding Line Rice Germplasm Collected from East Asian Countries Based on Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(4):298-317.
Published online: December 1, 2019

1농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업유전자원센터

1National Agrobiodiversity Center, NAS, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea

* Corresponding Author (E-mail: pleurotus@korea.kr Tel: +82-63-238-4910, Fax: +82-63-238-4909)
• Received: July 9, 2019   • Revised: July 22, 2019   • Accepted: August 21, 2019

Copyright © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Year-independent prediction of rice grain protein content using machine learning with agronomy-aligned multi-year field data
    Hyun-Jin Jung, Yun-Ho Lee, ChungGen Lee, Seong-Woo Cho, Tae-Young Hwang
    Frontiers in Plant Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Quality-Related Traits and Pasting Properties of Early Maturing Rice Varieties by Cultivation Times in the Honam Plain, Korea
    Hyun-Su Park, Man-Kee Baek, Chang-Min Lee, Suk-Man Kim, Jung-Pil Suh, O-Young Jeong, Young-Chan Cho
    Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2021; 53(1): 1.     CrossRef

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Statistical Analysis of Amylose and Protein Content in Breeding Line Rice Germplasm Collected from East Asian Countries Based on Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(4):298-317.   Published online December 1, 2019
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Statistical Analysis of Amylose and Protein Content in Breeding Line Rice Germplasm Collected from East Asian Countries Based on Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(4):298-317.   Published online December 1, 2019
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Statistical Analysis of Amylose and Protein Content in Breeding Line Rice Germplasm Collected from East Asian Countries Based on Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Schematic design for cover-all procedure of germplasm information by NIRS analysis.
Fig. 2 Analysis of regression principle on two dimensions for NIRS prediction formula
Fig. 3 Relationship between probability density histogram and normal distribution.
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram for procedure of method in analysis of variance.
Fig. 5 Schematic diagram for procedure of Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig. 6 Amylose (A) and protein (B) content in the milled brown rice for NIRS prediction model (n=511).
Fig. 7 Comparison of two methods of plotting NIRS equation graph between WINISIⅢ program (A) and manual Excel program (B) based on the milled brown rice germplasm.
Fig. 8 Normal distribution and probability density of non-glutinous rice amylose (A) and protein (B) contents in total breeding line germplasm (n=9,771).
Fig. 9 Normal distribution and probability density of non-glutinous rice amylose and protein contents in breeding line germplasm of Philippines (a), China (b), Korea (c), Japan (d).
Statistical Analysis of Amylose and Protein Content in Breeding Line Rice Germplasm Collected from East Asian Countries Based on Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Distribution of breeding line germplasm based on geographical origin.

Origin Number of accessions Ratio of accessions (%)
Korea 2,386 24.42
China 2,136 21.86
Japan 1,219 12.48
Philippines 1,213 12.41
Taiwan 238 2.44
India 179 1.83
Thailand 135 1.38
Unknown 1,580 16.17
The others 685 7.01
Total 9,771 100.00

ANOVA formula definition.

SV df SS MSS Fs
SSB K-1 SSB= MSSB=SSBK-1 Fs=MSSBMSSW
SSW K-N or K(n-1) SSW= MSSW=SSWN-K
SST N-1 SST=

Descending arrangement of average values (X-) in each group and the determination of Studentized range p value.

Alphabeticals X- Order in size X- B C E A D
A 13.29 X- Array ⇒ B 30.86 p value ⇒ D 5 4 3 2
B 30.86 C 29.14 A 4 3 2
C 29.14 E 21.00 E 3 2
D 11.00 A 13.29 C 2
E 21.00 D 11.00 B <p value>

Creating DMRT table by comparing with X- and |X--LSR0.01| value in each group.

p Group X- LSR0.01 Reference (X--LSR0.01) Comparison Reference and X- DMRT Result
5 B 30.86 4.64 26.22 29.14C > 26.22r > 21.00E, 13.29A, 11.00D B B C
4 C 29.14 4.58 24.56 24.56r > 21.00E, 13.29A, 11.00D C
3 E 21.00 4.47 16.53 16.53r > 13.29A, 11.00D E
2 A 13.29 4.28 9.01 9.01r < 11.00D A D
D 11.00 - - -

Interpretation of DMRT result.

DMRT Result Interpretation
B C E A D Equal to B and C at level of 1%
Equal to A and D at level of 1%
Aa Bb Cb Da Ec Grouping as A&D, B&C, and E at level of 1%

Statistic data table for manual calculating NIRS equation.

Number of Observed values (N) NIRS equation for protein content NIRS equation for amylose content


Number of accessions (n=473) Number of accessions (n=464)


xi yi xi2 yi2 xiyi xi yi xi2 yi2 xiyi
1 6.703 6.650 6.7032 6.6502 6.703*6.650 5.228 6.380 5.2282 6.3802 5.228*6.3
2 8.844 8.840 8.8442 8.8402 8.844*8.840 6.457 6.150 6.4572 6.1502 6.457*6.1
3 8.268 8.220 8.2682 8.2202 8.268*8.820 7.714 6.480 7.7142 6.4802 7.714*6.4
1,392 11.234 11.130 11.2342 11.1302 11.234*11.1
1,419 8.845 8.935 8.8452 8.9352 8.845*8.935

Σxi 10,905.6 25,989.3
Σyi 10,910.9 25,989.3
Σxi2 85,860.8 530,699.9
Σyi2 85,972.6 532,102.7
Σxiyi 85,897.0 530,700.1
(Σxi)2 10,905.6152 25,989.3782
N 1,419 1,392
(Σxi)2 N 10,905.61521,419 25,989.37821,392

R2 =(Σxiyi-ΣxiΣyiN)2[Σxi2-(Σxi)2N][Σyi2-(Σyi)2N]=(85,897.043-10,905.615×10,910.9701,419)2[85,860.890-(10,905.615)21,419][85,972.685-(10,910.970)21,419]=0.981 =(Σxiyi-ΣxiΣyiN)2[Σxi2-(Σxi)2N][Σyi2-(Σyi)2N]=(530,700.122-25,989.378×25,989.3861,392)2[530,699.924-(25,989.378)21,392]532,102.792-(25,989.386)21,392]=0.970

Slope =NΣxiyixiΣyiNΣxi2-(Σxi)2=1,419×85,897.043-10,905.615×10,910.9701,419×85,860.890-(10,905.615)2=0.998 =NΣxiyixiΣyiNΣxi2-(Σxi)2=1,392×530,700.122-25,989.378×25,989.3861,392×530,699.924-(25,989.378)2=1.000

External validation results of NIRS equation model for the amylose and protein content in the milled brown rice.

Constituent External validation NIRS equation model


No. r2 SEP Slope No. R2 SEC Slope
Amylose 132 0.962 2.349 0.811 464 0.970 1.010 1.000
Protein 124 0.986 0.415 1.038 473 0.981 0.158 0.998

Statistic data table for ANOVA test on non-glutinous rice amylose content by countries.

Korea China Japan Philippines

n1=2,386 n2=2,136 n3=1,219 n4=1,213

No. A A2 B B2 C C2 D D2
1 10.01 (10.01)2 10.01 (10.01)2 10.02 (10.02)2 10.03 (10.03)2
2 10.04 (10.04)2 10.01 (10.01)2 10.12 (10.12)2 10.13 (10.13)2
3 10.04 (10.04)2 10.06 (10.06)2 10.19 (10.19)2 10.29 (10.29)2
1,213 30.55 (30.55)2
1,219 29.62 (29.62)2
2,136 32.52 (32.52)2
2,386 31.32 (31.32)2

Σxi 52,671.52 52,424.63 26,167.50 30,543.05
Σxi2 1,197,053.19 1,320,967.92 569,107.85 778,839.05
(Σxi)2 (52,671.52)2 (52,424.63)2 (26,167.50)2 (30,543.05)2
ni 2,386 2,136 1,219 1,213
Σxini 52,671.522,386 52,424.632,136 26,167.501,219 30,543.051,213
(Σxi)2ni (52,671.52)22,386 (52,424.63)22,136 (26,167.50)21,219 (30,543.05)21,213

SST =(x12+x22+x32+x42)-(Σx1x2x3x4)2(n1+n2+n3+n4)
= (1,197,053.19+1,320,967.92+569,107.85+778,839.05)
= {(52,671.52+52,424.63+26,167.50+30,543.05)2/(2,386+2,136+1,219+1,213)}
= 101,025.64
SSB =(Σx1)2n1+(Σx2)2n2+(Σx3)2n3+(Σx4)2n4-(Σx1x2x3x4)2(n1+n2+n3+n4)
= {(52,671.52)2/2,386+(52,424.63)2/2,136+(26,167.50)2/1,219+(30,543.05)2/1,213}
= {(52,671.52+52,424.63+26,167.50+30,543.05)2/(2,386+2,136+1,219+1,213)}
= 15,258.86
SSW =(Σx12+Σx22+Σx32+Σx42)-{(Σx1)2n1+(Σx2)2n2+(Σx3)2n3+(Σx4)2n4}
= (1,197,053.19+1,320,967.92+569,107.85+778,839.05)
= {(52,671.52)2/2,386+(52,424.63)2/2,136+(26,167.50)2/1,219+(30,543.05)2/1,213}
= 85,766.78

ANOVA table of non-glutinous rice amylose content in breeding line germplasm by countries.

SV df SS MSS Fs Critical value (F0.01(3.6950))
SSB 3 15,259 5,086 412.2** 3.78
SSW 6,950 85,767 12
SST 6,953

Statistic data table for ANOVA test on non-glutinous rice protein content by countries.

Korea China Japan Philippines

n1=2,386 n2=2,136 n3=1,219 n4=1,213

No. A A2 B B2 C C2 D D2
1 5.31 (5.31)2 5.26 (5.26)2 5.37 (5.37)2 5.45 (5.45)2
2 5.36 (5.36)2 5.26 (5.26)2 5.44 (5.44)2 5.48 (5.48)2
3 5.39 (5.39)2 5.40 (5.40)2 5.50 (5.50)2 5.50 (5.50)2
1,213 15.69 (15.69)2
1,219 12.55 (12.55)2
2,136 14.46 (14.46)2
2,386 14.04 (14.04)2

Σxi 18,095.91 16,648.91 9,048.07 9,931.36
Σxi2 139,946.2 133,362.0 68,229.1 83,108.2
(Σxi)2 (18,095.91)2 (16,648.91)2 (9,048.07)2 (9,931.36)2
ni 2,386 2,136 1,219 1,213
Σxini 18,095.912,386 16,648.912,136 9,048.071,219 9,931.361,213
(Σxi)2ni (18,095.91)22,386 (16,648.91)22,136 (9,048.07)21,219 (9,931.36)21,213

SST =(x12+x22+x32+x42)-(Σx1x2x3x4)2(n1+n2+n3+n4)
= (139,946.23+133,362.00+68,229.10+83,108.24)
= {(18,095.91+16,648.91+9,048.07+9,931.36)2/(2,386+2,136+1,219+1,213)}
= 9,590.08
SSB =(Σx1)2n1+(Σx2)2n2+(Σx3)2n3+(Σx4)2n4-(Σx1x2x3x4)2(n1+n2+n3+n4)
= {(18,095.91)2/2,386+(16,648.91)2/2,136+(9,048.07)2/1,219+(9,931.36)2/1,213}
= {(18,095.91+16,648.91+9,048.07+9,931.36)2/(2,386+2,136+1,219+1,213)}
= 428.51
SSW =(Σx12+Σx22+Σx32+Σx42)-{(Σx1)2n1+(Σx2)2n2+(Σx3)2n3+(Σx4)2n4}
= (139,946.23+133,362.00+68,229.10+83,108.24)
= {(18,095.91)2/2,386+(16,648.91)2/2,136+(9,048.07)2/1,219+(9,931.36)2/1,213}
= 9,161.57

ANOVA table of non-glutinous rice protein content in breeding line germplasm by countries.

SV df SS MSS Fs Critical value (F0.01(3.6950))
SSB 3 429 142.84 108.4** 3.78
SSW 6,950 9,162 1.32
SST 6,953

DMRT table of non-glutinous rice amylose content in breeding line germplasm by countries.

Origin Amylose (%) SSR0.01 LSR0.01 Amylose-LSR0.01 DMRT
Philippines 25.18 3.90 0.35 24.83 (25.18-0.35) 25.18
China 24.54 3.80 0.34 24.20 (24.54-0.34) 24.54
Korea 22.08 3.64 0.32 21.76 (22.08-0.32) 22.08
Japan 21.47 - - - 21.47

DMRT table of non-glutinous rice protein content in breeding line germplasm by countries.

Origin Protein (%) SSR0.01 LSR0.01 Protein-LSR0.01 DMRT
Philippines 8.19 3.90 0.12 8.07 (8.19-0.12) 8.19
China 7.79 3.80 0.11 7.68 (7.79-0.11) 7.79
Korea 7.58 3.64 0.11 7.47 (7.58-0.11) 7.58
Japan 7.42 - - - 7.42

Non-glutinous rice amylose and protein content in breeding line germplasm by countries.

Origin Amylose (%) Protein (%)


Meanz Min. Max. Mean Min. Max.
Philippines 25.18±2.84ay 10.03 30.55 8.19±1.22a 5.45 15.69
China 24.54±4.01b 10.01 32.52 7.79±1.30b 5.26 14.46
Korea 22.08±3.79c 10.01 31.32 7.58±1.06c 5.31 14.04
Japan 21.47±2.46d 10.02 29.62 7.42±0.94d 5.37 12.55
Table 1 Distribution of breeding line germplasm based on geographical origin.
Table 2 ANOVA formula definition.
Table 3 Descending arrangement of average values (X-) in each group and the determination of Studentized range p value.
Table 4 Creating DMRT table by comparing with X- and |X--LSR0.01| value in each group.
Table 5 Interpretation of DMRT result.
Table 6 Statistic data table for manual calculating NIRS equation.
Table 7 External validation results of NIRS equation model for the amylose and protein content in the milled brown rice.
Table 8 Statistic data table for ANOVA test on non-glutinous rice amylose content by countries.
Table 9 ANOVA table of non-glutinous rice amylose content in breeding line germplasm by countries.
Table 10 Statistic data table for ANOVA test on non-glutinous rice protein content by countries.
Table 11 ANOVA table of non-glutinous rice protein content in breeding line germplasm by countries.
Table 12 DMRT table of non-glutinous rice amylose content in breeding line germplasm by countries.

Sx-=MSSWnk=12.341579.76=0.09

Table 13 DMRT table of non-glutinous rice protein content in breeding line germplasm by countries.

Sx-=MSSWnk=1.321579.76=0.03

Table 14 Non-glutinous rice amylose and protein content in breeding line germplasm by countries.

Mean mean±standard deviation.

Mean separation within columns by Duncan’s multiple range test at p=0.01.