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Review Article

맥류 연구의 과거, 현재, 그리고 미래

김경민1, 강천식1, 김양길1, 김경훈1, 박종호1, 윤영미1, 박형호1, 정한용1, 최창현1, 박진희1, 김영진1, 정영근1, 한옥규2,*, 박태일1,*

Past and Current Status, and Prospect of Winter Cereal Crops Research for Food and Forage in Korea

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(Special Issue):73-92.
Published online: April 30, 2020

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2국립한국농수산대학

1National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea

2Department of Crop Science, Korea Natioanl College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea

* Co-corresponding Author: Tae-Il Park (E-mail: parktl@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5450, Fax: +82-63-238-5463)
* Corresponding Author: Ouk-Kyu Han (E-mail: okhan98@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-9073, Fax: +82-63-238-9079)
• Received: December 17, 2019   • Revised: January 21, 2020   • Accepted: February 12, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Past and Current Status, and Prospect of Winter Cereal Crops Research for Food and Forage in Korea
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Progress in yield of Korean barley cultivars.
Fig. 2 Progress in yield and maturity date of Korean wheat cultivars.
Fig. 3 Progress in maturity date of Korean barley cultivars.
Past and Current Status, and Prospect of Winter Cereal Crops Research for Food and Forage in Korea

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 1960s.

Cultivar Line name Year Maturity date (M.dd) Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics
Jaekwang - 1963 6.24 320 Elect type, Noodle
Jinnong - 1963 6.24 304 Short height, Noodle
Kyungkwang Suge 145 1969 6.21 385 Late maturing, Noodle
Wonkwang - 1969 6.23 434 Early maturing, Short height, High yield, Noodle
Namkwang - 1969 6.25 428 Late maturing, Lodge tolerance, Noodle

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean barley cultivars developed in 1970s.

Cultivar Line name Year Spring growing nature Plant height (cm) 1000 grain weight (g) Heading date (M.dd) Maturity date (M.dd) Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics



upland paddy upland paddy upland paddy
Owol Miryang 16 79 84 31.0 - 4.8 - 5.24 368 333 Early maturing
Ol Barsory 73 75 38.1 5.5 4.25 6.7 6.1 299 251 Early maturing, Large grain
Sacheon 6 Sacheon 6 79 80 39.5 4.3 4.15 5.25 5.26 258 513 Lodge tolerance

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 1970s.

Cultivar Line name Year Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics
Sinkwang - 1973 328 Early maturing, High yield
Chokwang Suge 189 1976 340 Early maturing, Elect type, Noodle
Ol Miryang 5 1976 384 Early maturing, High yield, Cookie
Dahong Miryang 7 1979 393 Early maturing, Lodge tolerance, Noodle
Chunggye Miryang 9 1979 446 Early maturing, Short height, Noodle
Geru Suwon 215 1980 451 Early maturing, Elect type, Short height, Noodle

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean barley culivar developed in 1980s.

Cultivar Line name Year Spring growing nature Plant height (cm) 1000-grain weight (g) Heading date (M.dd) Maturity date (M.dd) Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics



upland paddy upland paddy upland paddy
Chal Suwon 227 1984 82 30.0 5.12 5.3 6.14 6.9 325 288 Waxy, Lodge tolerance
Chalssal Suwon 236 1988 77 26.2 - 4.23 - 6.2 337 328 Waxy, Cold tolerance
Naehanssal Irri 16 1988 84 34.4 - 5.3 - 6.7 366 366 Cold tolerance, High yield
Saessal Irri 6 1983 76 27.4 - 4.27 - 6.3 405 370 Lodge tolerance, High yield
Jinkwang Suwon 246 1989 86 42.9 4.10 4.20 5.22 5.30 412 497 Lodge tolerance, High yield
Doosan 29 Doosan 29 1988 78 43.0 4.11 4.29 5.26 6.2 455 428 High grain quality
Doosan 8 Doosan 8 1981 59 41.8 4.10 4.24 6.1 6.11 512 523 Lodge tolerance, High yield

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 1980s.

Cultivar Line name Year Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics
Eunpa Suwon 224 1982 395 Early maturing, Lodge tolerance, Noodle
Tapdong Suwon 224 1986 470 Early maturing, Short height, Hard wheat
Namhae Miryang 24 1988 541 Early maturing, High yield, Cookie

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean barley cultivar developed in 1990s.

Cultivar Line name Year Spring growing nature Plant height (cm) 1000-grain weight (g) Heading date (M.dd) Maturity date (M.dd) Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics



upland paddy upland paddy upland paddy
Sangrok Suwon 339 1999 82 31.5 4.29 4.23 6.4 5.21 472 354 A biotic stress tolerance
Paldo Suwon 329 1998 87 32.8 5.3 4.23 6.6 5.25 399 341 A biotic stress tolerance
Mirak Miryang 72 1996 81 33.4 - 1.17 - 5.30 443 367 A biotic stress tolerance
Daebaek Miryang 67 1995 72 34.8 - 4.21 - 6.4 474 367 Lodge tolerance
Dongho Iksan 47 2000 79 31.0 4.25 4.22 6.1 5.28 390 346 ZBYMV resistance
Daehossal Irri 40 1998 85 32.5 4.26 4.25 6.1 5.28 361 386 ZBYMV resistance
Saechalssal Suwon 292 1994 79 29.4 5.4 4.24 6.1 5.29 430 336 Large grain, Waxy
Singo Suwon 344 1999 94 42.5 4.9 4.20 5.19 5.25 418 470 ZBYMV resistance
Danwon Miryang 83 1999 77 37.5 - 4.23 - 5.31 447 470 Lodge tolerance
Namhyang Suwon 305 1995 75 43.6 4.4 4.19 5.15 6.3 433 530 High grain quality, High yield
Jinyang Suwon 281 1993 81 40.0 3.30 4.18 5.14 6.1 439 531 High grain quality, High yield
Samdo Miryang 56 1993 70 40.9 4.10 4.24 5.19 6.6 434 506 Lodge tolerance, High yield
Jeju Suwon 265 1992 75 39.8 4.8 - 5.21 - 409 - Lodge tolerance

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 1990s.

Cultivar Line name Year Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics
Uri Suwon 250 1992 529 Early maturing, Soft wheat, Cookie
Olgeuru Suwon 253 1993 477 Early maturing, Lodge tolerance, Cookie
Alchan Suwon 257 1994 426 Early maturing, High flour yield, Noodle
Gobun Suwon 262 1995 478 Early maturing, High flour yield, Noodle
Keumkang Suwon 267 1996 422 Early maturing, High flour yield, Noodle
Saeol Miryang 29 1997 532 Early maturing, Lodge tolerance, Noodle
Seodun Suwon 261 1997 485 Early maturing, High grain quality, Noodle
Jinpoom Suwon 265 1998 540 High flour yield, High grain quality, Noodle
Milsung Miryang 29 1998 524 Early maturing, Noodle

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean barley cultivar developed in 2000s.

Cultivar Line name Year Vernalization Plant height (cm) 1000 grain weight (g) Heading date (M.dd) Maturity date (M.dd) Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics



upland paddy upland paddy upland paddy
Keunal 1 Miryang 105 2001 76 37.7 - 4.22 - 5.26 453 415 A biotic stress tolerance
Poongsanchal Suwon 358 2001 53 35.8 5.2 4.27 6.5 5.31 425 368 Lodge tolerance, High yield
Hopoom Miryang 114 2003 84 42.1 4.7 4.15 5.16 5.21 548 528 ZBYMV resistance
Daea Miryang 103 2001 72 39.8 4.8 4.18 5.15 5.25 - 488 Lodge tolerance
Hyekang Iksan 445 2011 77 25.1 5.4 4.26 6.11 6.2 461 438 ZBYMV resistance
Hyeyang Iksan 432 2010 79 26.9 4.29 4.22 6.4 5.29 419 455 ZBYMV resistance
Hukuri Iksan 100 2011 95 30.0 - 4.28 - 6.4 - 317 Black grain
Nurichal Iksan 95 2010 82 25.0 - 4.23 - 5.30 - 384 Lodge tolerance, High yield
Huknarae Iksan 96 2010 86 26.0 - 4.17 - 5.29 - 355 Black grain
Kanghocheong Iksan 92 2009 81 30.0 - 4.21 - 5.31 387 402 Blue grain
Boseokchal Iksan 87 2008 87 29.0 5.2 4.23 6.5 5.29 344 248 Red grain, Waxy
Jasoojeongchal Iksan 81 2006 75 27.2 5.7 4.30 6.11 6.4 340 380 Red grain, Waxy
Joongmo 2007 Iksan 155 2011 76 48.1 4.16 4.20 5.24 5.30 - 487 Lodge tolerance, Large grain

Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 2000s.

Cultivar Line name Year Grain yield (kg/10a) Characteristics
Shinmichal Suwon 292 2002 507 Early maturing, Waxy
Jonong Suwon 290 2003 465 Early maturing, High protein, Noodle
Jokyung Suwon 298 2004 519 Early maturing, High flour yield, Hard wheat, Bread
Younbaek Suwon 300 2005 605 Soft wheat, Lodge tolerance, Noodle
Shinmichal 1 Suwon 306 2006 558 PHS tolerance, Lodge tolerance, Waxy
Dabun Suwon 304 2006 511 High yield, Noodle
Baekjoong Iksan 307 2007 535 High flour yield, PHS semi-tolerance, Noodle
Jeokjoong Iksan 308 2007 533 High yield, FHB resistance, Noodle
Sukang Iksan 312 2008 472 Cold tolerance, PHS tolerance, Noodle
Suan Iksan 319 2009 578 Cold tolerance, PHS tolerance, Noodle
Goso Iksan 325 2010 561 Early maturing, PHS tolerance, High yield, Cookie
Joah Iksan 334 2011 526 Early maturing, PHS tolerance, High yield, Cookie

Agronomic characteristics and forage yield of Korea forage barley cultivars.

Cultivar Released year Heading date Forage yield (MT/ha) Characteristics

Fresh Dry
Youngyang 2002 May 1 37.5 11.7 Rough awn
Sunwoo 2002 May 2 36.0 11.0 Rough awn
Sangwon 2004 April 28 35.6 11.6 Rough awn
Wooho 2005 April 29 36.1 11.8 Smooth awn
Yuyeon 2006 April 23 33.5 11.9 Hooded spike
Soman 2006 April 23 31.7 10.6 Rough awn
Dami 2007 April 30 32.9 11.2 Auricleless
Younghan 2008 April 26 33.4 12.0 Rough awn
Youho 2008 April 24 30.9 11.6 Hooded spike
Jomi 2010 April 23 30.6 10.3 Auricleless
Youhan 2012 April 28 33.7 12.6 Hooded spike
Nokyang 2012 June 6 32.8 11.7 Rough awn
Muhan 2013 June 4 28.9 12.4 Awn-less
Miho 2014 April 27 30.0 12.3 Semi-smooth awn
Dachung 2015 April 25 30.9 12.1 Rough awn
Mihan 2016 April 23 - 10.9 Semi-smooth awn
Youjin 2016 April 24 - 11.0 Hooded spike
Yeonho 2017 April 23 - 12.8 Semi-smooth awn
Maeho 2018 April 22 32.2 12.4 Semi-smooth awn

Agronomic characteristics and forage yield of Korea forage rye cultivars.

Cultivar Released year Heading date Forage yield (MT/ha) Seed productivity (MT/ha)

Fresh Dry
Paldang 1984 April 30 31.7 7.0 3.1
Dooroo 1986 May 4 35.8 7.9 3.1
Chochun 1987 April 26 33.3 6.8 3.1
Chilbo 1988 April 29 35.1 7.3 2.9
Jangkang 1989 May 7 41.3 9.8 3.6
Chunchu 1989 May 6 39.8 9.3 3.3
Ol 1995 April 24 41.4 9.5 3.7
Okjeon 2000 April 25 - 9.1 3.4
Shinchun 2001 April 26 - 8.4 3.5
Wintergreen 2002 May 8 - 10.4 5.2
Gogu 2004 April 23 40.8 8.4 3.0
Dagreen 2006 April 24 36.4 7.5 4.1
Egreen 2007 April 22 47.6 8.3 3.6
Olgreen 2008 April 20 47.5 8.9 3.7
Jogreen 2009 April 15 42.5 8.1 3.1
Charmgreen 2010 April 17 45.3 9.1 2.9
Seedgreen 2013 April 22 39.8 8.3 4.0
Daegokreen 2016 April 17 37.0 7.7 3.1

Agronomic characteristics and forage yield of forage and food oats cultivars.

Cultivar Released year Heading date Forage yield (t/ha) Seed productivity (MT/ha) Characteristics

Fresh Dry
Me 1986 May 29 33.7 - 3.2 Forage, Winter type
Samjeol 1989 June 1 34.1 7.7 2.9
Samhan 2001 May 14 - 7.1 4.4
Donghan 2001 May 12 - 6.5 4.4
Highspeed 2005 Oct. 10 34.3 6.3 -
Darkhorse 2005 Oct. 10 33.7 6.1 - Forage, Fall type
Chohan 2006 May 11 52.9 10.7 5.8 Forage, Fall type
Punghan 2008 May 7 50.1 14.5 - Forage, Winter type
Kwanghan 2009 April 30 59.9 17.3 -
Jopung 2009 May 4 55.1 16.4 -
Okhan 2011 May 6 51.2 15.0 -
Dahan 2011 May 13 55.3 15.6 4.5
Taehan 2012 May 8 51.7 14.5 -
Dajo 2015 May 1 38.6 12.9 -
Hi-early 2016 April 26 40.2 14.2 -
Dakeong 2016 April 29 45.1 15.7 -
Shinhan 2017 May 6 40.1 15.3 -
Ilhan 2018 April 28 47.3 16.9 -

Ol 1993 April 30 - - 4.8 Seed, Covered
Mal 1993 May 3 - - 3.7 Seed, Covered
Sikyung 1995 May 1 - - 4.5 Seed, Covered
Seonyang 2003 May 6 - - 3.4 Seed, Naked
Joyang 2007 April 28 - - 4.7
Daeyang 2007 May 8 - - 4.2
Suyang 2010 April 28 - - 4.4

Agronomic characteristics and forage yield of forage triticale cultivars in Korea.

Cultivar Released year Heading date Forage yield (t/ha) Seed productivity (MT/ha) Harvest time

Fresh Dry
Shinkihomil 1985 May 15 53.0 - 3.2 Late
Shinyoung 2001 May 12 43.0 15.7 4.0 Medium
Joseong 2010 April 24 41.9 14.5 5.1 Early
Saeyoung 2012 May 3 47.0 15.6 4.1 Late
Choyoung 2014 April 28 40.5 15.7 5.6 Medium
Shinseong 2015 April 24 41.2 15.0 7.2 Early
Minpung 2016 April 22 45.9 17.2 5.7 Early
Kwangyoung 2018 April 22 50.0 17.6 6.0 Early
Table 1 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 1960s.
Table 2 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean barley cultivars developed in 1970s.
Table 3 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 1970s.
Table 4 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean barley culivar developed in 1980s.
Table 5 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 1980s.
Table 6 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean barley cultivar developed in 1990s.

BYMW = Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus

Table 7 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 1990s.
Table 8 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean barley cultivar developed in 2000s.

BYMW = Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus

Table 9 Agricultural characteristics of major Korean wheat cultivar developed in 2000s.
Table 10 Agronomic characteristics and forage yield of Korea forage barley cultivars.

Sowing and harvest were mid-October and the end of May (early yellow stage), respectively.

This data was average evaluated in 4 to 7 different locations for 3 years.

Table 11 Agronomic characteristics and forage yield of Korea forage rye cultivars.

Sowing and harvest were mid-October and the end of April (one week after heading stage), respectively.

This data was average evaluated in 4 different locations for 3 years.

Table 12 Agronomic characteristics and forage yield of forage and food oats cultivars.

Sowing and harvest were mid-October and the end of May (early yellow stage), respectively.

This data was average evaluated in 4 different locations for 3 years.

Table 13 Agronomic characteristics and forage yield of forage triticale cultivars in Korea.

Sowing and harvest were mid-October and the end of May (20 days after heading stage), respectively.

This data was average evaluated in 7 different locations for 3 years.