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Review Article

한국 옥수수 품종 개발의 변천과 전망

백성범*, 손범영, 김정태, 배환희, 고영삼, 김선림

Changes and Prospects in the Development of Corn Varieties in Korea

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(Special Issue):93-102.
Published online: April 30, 2020

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, 16429, Republic of Korea

* Corresponding Author (E-mail: sbbaek@korea.kr, Tel: +82-31-695-4038, Fax: +82-31-695-4029)
• Received: December 11, 2019   • Revised: January 13, 2020   • Accepted: January 31, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Changes and Prospects in the Development of Corn Varieties in Korea
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(Special Is):93-102.   Published online April 30, 2020
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Changes and Prospects in the Development of Corn Varieties in Korea
Changes and Prospects in the Development of Corn Varieties in Korea

Maize cultivation area, production, and grain yield in major countries of the world in 2017.

Countries Cultivation area (million ha) Production (million ton) Grain yield (ton/ha)
Total 182.5 1,010.6 5.5
China 38.2 224.8 5.9
USA 32.7 345.5 10.5
Brazil 15.4 85.3 5.5
India 8.7 22.6 2.6
Republic of Korea 0.03 0.08 5.1
Other countries 87.5 332.4 3.8

Major changes of development of maize varieties, in 1960s~2010s.

Item 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Use Grain Grain Grain ⇒ Silage & Green corn Grain, Silage & Green corn Grain-Silage & Green corn Grain-Silage & Green corn, Seed export

Cross type Native variety Synthetic variety Three-way cross Single cross Single cross Single cross
Synthetic variety Double cross Single cross

Breeding target High yielding High yielding Stability High yielding High quality High quality Increase in added value

Major variety Hwangok 2 ('62) Bokgyo 2 ('73) Hoengseongok ('80) Jungbuok ('90) Heukjeomchal ('00) Godangok ('11)
Bokgyo 1 ('67) Hwangok 3 ('76) Jinjuok ('83) Chodangok 1 ('92) Gwangpyeongok ('00) Cheongchunchal ('13)
Suwon 19 ('76) Danok 1 ('84) Yeonnong 1 ('92) Tanok 3 ('01) Jangsuheukchal ('13)
Suwon 20 ('76) Yangjuok ('84) Chalok 2 ('94) Gammiok ('03) Saekso 2 ('14)
Suwon 21 ('76) Nampyeongok ('86) Suwonok ('96) Chalok 4 ('04) Mithas ('16)
Gwangok ('78) Chalok 1 ('89) Geumdanok ('98) Miheukchal ('04) Oryun 2 ('16)
Tanok 2 ('89) Dumechal ('99) Ilmichal ('05) Hwangdaok ('16)
Gwanganok ('89) Mibaek 2 ('05) Dacheongok ('16)
Gammichal ('05) Hwanggeummachal ('17)
Gangilok ('05)
Eolrukchal 1 ('07)
Heukjinjuchal ('08)
Heukjeom 2 ('08)
Arichal ('09)
Guseulok ('09)

Newly developed major corn varieties for various use in 2010s.

Item Newly developed corn varieties
Sweet corn Godangok ('11)z, Honeygold 1 ('13), Baekgeumok ('15), Godangok 1 ('16)
Waxy corn Gammichal 3 ('10), Hayanchal 95 ('11), Damichal ('12), Cheongchunchal ('13), Jangsuheukchal ('13), Jangsuchal ('14), Hwangmichal ('15), Goldchal ('15), Hwangchalok ('15), Hwanggeummachal ('17)
Pop corn Oryunpopcorn ('11) Zipopcorn ('14), Oryun 2 ('16)
Normal and silage corn Dapyeongok ('10), Cheongdaok ('10), Andaok ('11), Pyeonggangok ('11), Singwangok ('12), Yanganok ('12), Gangok 2 ('12), Daanok ('13), Gangok 3 ('14), Sinhwangok ('15), Dreamok ('15), Hwangdaok ('16), Dacheongok ('16), Gangok 4 ('16), Sinhwangok 2 ('18)
Export Gangyeon 1 ('14), GW222 ('14), Mithas ('14), Daeryukok ('15), KM1 ('16), KM2 ('17), KM3 ('17), KM4 ('18), KM5 ('18), Daeryuk 2 ('18)
The others Seakso 1 ('10), Seakso 2 ('14)

Number of corn varieties developed by institution.

Institutionz Breeding start year Number of developed varieties

Edible corn Normal and silage corn Total

Sweet corn Waxy corn Pop corn Sub total
NICS 1962 10(1) 11(5) 1 22(6) 33(3) 55(9)
GARES 2009 - 2(1) - 2(1) - 2(1)
GWARES 1994 - 11(4) 3(1) 14(5) 8(2) 22(7)
GBARES 1996 4 4 - 8 - 8
Total 14(1) 28(10) 4(1) 46(12) 41(5) 87(17)

Changes in maize yield of developed varieties during the last six decades.

Decades Grain Whole crop (Institute)

Institute Farm


Grain yield (ton/ha) Index Grain yield (ton/ha) Index Dry matter yield (ton/ha) Index
1960s 4.6 100 0.6 100 12.8 100
1970s 6.8 148 1.5 250 13.0 102
1980s 8.0 175 3.9 650 16.4 132
1990s 8.4 183 4.4 733 19.7 154
2000s 8.4 182 4.6 767 19.1 149
2010s 8.9 193 5.0 833 21.5 168
Table 1 Maize cultivation area, production, and grain yield in major countries of the world in 2017.
Table 2 Major changes of development of maize varieties, in 1960s~2010s.
Table 3 Newly developed major corn varieties for various use in 2010s.

Bold type is varieties which seeds are currently being distributed.

Table 4 Number of corn varieties developed by institution.

( ) is the number of varieties in which seeds are currently supplied.

NICS; National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. GARES; Gyeonggi Agricultural Research & Extension Services. GWARES; Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services. GBARES; Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Service.

Table 5 Changes in maize yield of developed varieties during the last six decades.