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수수 및 단수수 [ (L.) Moench] 수집 유전자원의 내염성 비교 평가

김정민1,2,†, 유재일1,†, 류재혁1, 김동건1,3, 이민규1,2, 김진백1, 하보근2, 안준우1, 권순재1,*

Comparison of Salinity Tolerance Between Grain and Sweet Sorghum Germplasms [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench]

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(1):32-40.
Published online: March 1, 2020

1한국원자력연구원 첨단방사선연구소

2전남대학교 농업생명과학대학

3순천대학교 생명자원학전공

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: soonjaekwon@kaeri.re.kr, Tel: +82-63-570-3312, Fax: +82-63-570-3814)

Author Contributions: Jung Min Kim and Jae Il Lyu contributed equally.

• Received: October 18, 2019   • Revised: October 21, 2019   • Accepted: December 4, 2019

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • In order to investigate salt-tolerant sorghum germplasms that can grow in saline soil from newly reclaimed land, we measured a well-established germination rate, and growth characteristics including leaf number, height, and root length in salt-treatment conditions (0.3, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.2%) and untreated control. The highly salt-tolerant sorghum line was confirmed using PCA (principal component analysis) analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Germination rate gradually decreased at doses higher than 0.3%, but the germination rates reached about 70% in IT124115, IS1041, Dansusu4ho, and Dansusu2ho germplasms. At 0.6% salt-treatment condition, the germination rates ranged from 35% to 100%. Only seven germplasms (IT103274, IT101381, IT104110, Dansusu4ho, IS20740, IS22720, and IS27887) had germination rates exceeding 50% at 0.8% salt-treatment. At 1.2% salt-treatment IT124115, IT028385, and IS1041 withered. The total number of leaves decreased similarly for both germplasms at salt levels below 0.6%, and sweet sorghum leaf count was more susceptible than grain sorghum at doses higher than 0.8%. In addition, the height of both germplasms was severely reduced even at low salt concentrations, whereas grain sorghum exhibited a greater sensitivity to salinity stress in terms of root length, while sweet sorghum had longer roots at low concentrations when compared with the untreated control. PCA analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that 29 sorghum accessions could be divided into 3 groups based on the germination rate and morphological traits. Especially, sweet sorghum accessions showed a different pattern of PCA plot when compared with the grain sorghum, and salt tolerance could be divided into 5 groups using MFV in terms of their traits. Taken together, the results from this work will contribute to the development of domestic agriculture utilizing marginal land such as reclaimed land by selecting elite sorghum germplasms that have a high salt tolerance and capacity.
우리나라 국토 면적은 평지가 부족하고 산지가 70%에 달하며, 급격한 산업화와 도시화로 인한 농경지 축소로 1960년대부터 대규모 간척 사업을 통한 농경지 확장이 이루어져 왔다(NGII 2008). 우리나라 간척지는 주로 서남해안에 분포하고 있고 총 면적은 135,100 ha로써 대규모 간척지 11 지구의 37,346 ha가 농업 용지로 이용되고 있다(Lee et al. 2015). 간척지는 토양 염류가 높고 배수가 원활하지 않아 밭작물 재배에 불리한 환경을 지니고 있어 일반적인 작물의 생육은 불가능 하기 때문에 토양 제염과 배수시설이 필요하다(NICS 2013).
간척지 토양 염도별 밭작물의 내염성 수준은 콩, 팥, 녹두, 강낭콩, 고구마, 감자, 참깨, 조 등은 0.1% 이내, 율무, 땅콩, 옥수수, 수수는 0.2% 이내(Lee et al. 2012), 기장과 벼는 0.3% 이내에서 재배가 가능하다고 보고되었으며(Kim et al. 2016), 특히 0.3% 이상의 염도에서는 유기물 함량이 낮아 일반 농지에 비해 작물 생산량이 현저히 떨어 지는 것으로 보고 되어있다(Back et al. 2011). 간척지를 활용한 내염성 연구는 여름철 사료작물인 콩, 옥수수, 고구마, 수수류, 수수×수단그라스, 사료용 피, 진주조와 율무가 연구되었으며, 겨울철 사료 작물인 청보리, 호밀과 이탈리안 라이그라스의 내염성에 대한 연구가 수행되었다(Shin et al. 2004, 2005, Sohn et al. 2010, Back et al. 2013).
최근 급격한 기후변화로 식량작물의 공급 불안정과 화석연료의 고갈에 따른 식량 및 바이오에너지 작물의 가치가 지속적으로 상승하고 있다(Choi et al. 2012). 하지만 23% 수준의 낮은 곡물 자급률로 인해 대부분 수입에 의존하고 있는 국내 상황에 비춰볼 때 사료용 및 바이오 연료용 곡물 수급에 어려움이 예상되고 있다. 수수는 곡물용 및 바이오 연료용으로 각광을 받고 있는 작물이며, 비생물적 스트레스에 대해 내성을 가질 뿐만 아니라, 고염 및 중금속 토양 정화작용을 하는 것으로 보고되어 간척지 재배에 적합하다고 알려져 있다(Maas et al. 1986, Jadia & Fulekar 2008). 하지만 1964년부터 국내 생산량이 지속적으로 감소하고 있으며, 우리나라 수수의 전체 공급량 17,664톤 중 85%를 수입에 의존하고 있다(Yoon et al. 2016). 최근 간척지에 적합한 작물을 선발하기 위해 조, 기장, 수수 유전자원의 적응성 평가를 수행한 결과, 수수가 가장 우수한 생육을 보였으며, 간척지 재배 시 일반 노지재배와 비교하여 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 등 기능성 성분 함량이 증가하는 것으로 보고되었다(Kang et al. 2019). 단수수 또한 간척지 토양과 같은 척박한 토양에 잘 적응하고(Ahn et al. 2012), 수수보다 상대적으로 높은 0.34% 고염 토양에서도 완전한 생육이 가능한 것으로 보고되었다(Ding et al. 2013). 또한 열대지방에서만 재배 가능한 사탕수수와는 달리 온대지방에서도 재배 가능하여 국내 재배환경에 적용이 가능하다(Gibson 2009).
Lyu et al. (2019)는 153개의 단수수 수집종을 대상으로 국내 환경 적응성 평가 및 형질조사 연구를 통해 우수 형질을 보이는 8개의 단수수 계통을 선발하였고, 선발된 단수수의 페놀관련 성분 함유량을 보고하였다. 본 연구는 이에 후속 연구로서 기존 선발된 단수수 계통 중 7 계통과 22 계통의 수수 유전자원을 대상으로 염 조건 하에서의 특성을 비교 분석하여 우수한 내염성 수수 및 단수수 계통 선발을 목적으로 수행하였고, 이는 향후 국내 휴경지 및 간척지 활용에 있어 기초 자원으로서 높은 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다.
수수, 단수수 유전자원 선정 및 수집
본 연구에 사용된 수수 및 단수수 유전자원은 2015년 농촌진흥청 유전자원센터와 국제반건조열대작물연구소(International Crops Research Institute of Semi-Arid Tropics, ICRISAT)에서 분양을 받았으며, 공시재료에 대한 정보는 Table 1과 같다.
내염성 평가 및 생육 조사
수집된 유전자원의 내염성 평가를 하기 위해 모종 트레이(50구)에 바이오상토1호(Hungnong, Pyeongteak, Korea)를 넣어 각각 10립씩 2반복 파종하였다. 내염성 평가를 수행하기 위해 천일염(Shinan, Korea)을 사용하여 염도를 조절하여 0, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.2% 처리구 및 대조구를 준비하였고, 생육조사 기간 동안 파종된 포트는 작물의 근권에 영향을 미칠 수 있도록 침수 처리하였다. 염처리는 온실에서 관수 형태로 1주일에 1회 간격으로 처리하였으며, 염 축적을 방지를 위해 물로 제염을 실시한 후 다시 염처리를 하였다. 염처리 후 10일간 발아율을 조사하였고 엽수(매), 초장(cm), 근장(cm)은 염처리 후 4주 경과된 식물체를 대상으로 조사하였다. 초장은 지면에서 정단부까지, 근장은 기부에서 뿌리 끝까지 측정하였고, 엽수는 육안으로 세었다.
통계 분석
수수 및 단수수 계통의 염 조건하에서의 종합적인 형질 비교 분석을 위하여 주성분 분석(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)을 수행하였다. 분석에 사용한 데이터는 각 염도 별 발아율, 초장, 근장, 엽수을 사용하였고, 형질간에 상관행렬로부터 고유 값을 구하고, 요인 점수 값을 회귀분석 방법을 통해 획득하여 29 계통의 제 1, 2 주성분 값으로 PCA plot을 그려 특성을 파악하였다. 분석에 사용한 프로그램은 SPSS Ver. 22 (SPSS Inc., USA)를 이용하였다.
수수 및 단수수 계통의 내염성 기준을 확립하기 위하여 퍼지종합평가 방법(fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method)을 이용하였다(Chen et al. 2012, Ding et al. 2018). 각 계통의 염도 별 발아율과 초기 생육 데이터를 활용하여 소속 함수 값(membership function value, MFV)을 측정하여 내염성 기준의 평가치와 기준치를 작성하였다. 소속 함수 값은 아래와 같이 구하였다.
Xi=X-XminXmax-Xmin
Xi 값은 특정 계통의 소속함수 값, X 값은 특정 계통의 실질적인 측정값, Xmax 값은 처리구 내 최대 측정값, Xmin 값은 처리구 내 최소 측정값을 의미한다.
X와 표준편차(standard deviation)는 MFV의 평균치를 사용하여 측정하였고, 본 연구에서 공식을 적용한 실제 내염성 기준치는 다음과 같은 다섯 등급으로 구분하였다(Ding et al. 2018).
  • 계통의 MFV 평균치 ≥ 0.68 ; highly salt-tolerant (HST)

  • 0.60 ≤ MFV 평균치 < 0.68 ; salt-tolerant (ST)

  • 0.35 ≤ MFV 평균치 < 0.60 ; moderately salt-tolerant (MST)

  • 0.27 ≤ MFV 평균치 < 0.35 ; salt-sensitive (SS)

  • MFV 평균치 < 0.27 ; highly salt-sensitive (HSS)

분석에 사용한 프로그램은 Ding et al. 2018 (Microsoft Corporation)을 이용하였다.
염처리에 따른 발아율
수집된 수수 및 단수수 계통을 대상으로 발아율을 조사한 결과, 염도와 비례하여 수수 및 단수수 계통 모두 대조구와 비교하여 처리구에서 지속적으로 감소하는 경향이 나타났다(Fig. 1). 0.3% 염 처리시 최저 71%(IS1041), 최고 100%(IT103274, IT101381, IS22720, IS27887)의 발아율을 나타냈으며, 5 계통(IT218409, IT124115, IS1041, 단수수4호, 단수수2호)을 제외한 모든 계통에서 90% 이상 발아가 가능했다. 0.6% 염 처리시 IT101381은 가장 높은 100% 발아율을 보였으며 IS1041은 가장 낮은 35% 발아율을 보였다. 나머지 모든 계통에서 발아율이 감소하였지만 IT103274, IT104110은 90% 이상 발아가 가능하였고, 대조적으로 IT218409, IT191187, IT12411는 발아율이 50% 이하로 감소하였다. 0.8% 염 처리시 대조구와 비교하여 처리구의 발아율이 급격하게 감소되었고, 최저 약 19%(IT191187, IT028385, IS1041), 최고 80%(IT104110)의 발아율을 보였으며, IT185794 계통을 포함한 22 계통은 50% 이하의 발아율을 보였다. 특이하게도 0.6% 처리시 급격하게 발아율이 감소된 계통 중 예외적으로 IT124115, IT20740, IS22720, IS27887, 단수수4호는 0.6%과 0.8% 염 처리시 발아율이 유사하게 나타나 두 농도간에 발아율에 미치는 영향이 미비한 것으로 보여진다. 특히 이중 단수수 계통인 단수수4호, IS22720, 7는 1.2% 염 조건에서도 40% 이상의 발아율을 보여 상대적으로 다른 수집 자원에 비해 고염 조건에서도 어느 정도 발아율을 유지하는 양상을 보였다. 1.2% 염 처리시 IT103274를 포함한 3 계통만이 50% 이상 발아한 반면 IT124115, IT028385, IS1041은 모두 고사하였으며, IT124094를 포함한 5 계통은 90% 이상 발아율이 감소하였다.
내염성 계통을 선발하는데 있어 발아율, 생존율, 이온 누출, 광합성 효율, 엽록소 함량, 초기생육(엽수, 초장, 근장) 등 다양한 기준으로 평가되고 있다(Sayed 1985, Garcia et al. 1995). 그 중에서 발아율은 같은 종 내에서 높은 내염성을 가지고 있을 경우 발아율과 발아속도 측면에서 감수성 품종보다 높고, 다른 선발 기준들과 비교하여 가장 빠르게 확인할 수 있는 지표로서 많은 연구에서 활용되고 있다(Tajbakhsh et al. 2006). Almodares et al. (2007)Ding et al. (2018)은 단수수 품종을 대상으로 염도별 발아율을 확인한 결과 각각 100 mM (45.94%, 57.60%), 200 mM (25.23%, 35.52%)으로 본 연구의 수집자원보다 발아율이 좀더 낮거나 유사한 경향을 보였다. 기존 보고된 수수의 내염성 관련 연구에서도 발아율은 염도 의존적으로 부의 상관관계를 보여주고 있으며(Igartua et al. 1994, Zhao et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2014), 염도가 증가할 수록 토양 내 집적된 염분은 삼투압을 증가시켜 종자의 수분 흡수를 방해하고 수분 흡수가 되더라도 독성의 이온이 직접 흡수되어 발아에 영향을 미쳐 점차 발아율이 감소되는 현상을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다(Norlyn & Epastein 1984).
염처리에 따른 생육 특성
염도 별 엽수를 확인한 결과(Fig. 2), 수수에서는 저농도인 0.3% 염 처리 시 대조구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 0.6% 염 처리시 21 계통에서 엽수가 1개 이내로 차이를 보였다. 1.2% 염 처리시 대조구와 비교하여 전체 계통에서 평균 약 30% 정도 엽수가 감소하였으며, IT124115, IT28385는 모든 잎이 고사하였다. 단수수도 수수와 마찬가지로 0.6% 까지는 대조구와 비교하여 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며 0.8% 염 처리시 IS22720, IS27887은 대조구와 비교하여 50%가 감소하였고, 나머지 계통에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면에 1.2% 염 처리시 전체 계통에서 평균 약 50%가 감소하여 수수 계통과 차이를 보였다(Fig. 3). 위 결과를 종합하여보면, 0.6% 염 처리시까지 수수와 단수수는 유사한 경향을 나타냈지만 0.8% 이상 처리시 수수와 비교하여 단수수가 엽수 감소폭이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 기타 화본과(벼, 보리, 옥수수) 및 콩과 작물(녹두, 대두)에서도 염분 농도가 증가할수록 엽수가 감소되며, 콩과 작물과 비교하여 화본과 작물에서 더 높은 저항성이 나타나는 것으로 보고되었다(Shin et al. 1998). 기존 수수 재배시험 및 평가에 있어서 엽수는 잎의 특징을 나타내는 중요한 형질 중 하나이며, 일반 노지에서 엽수의 증감은 초장과 연관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다(Seong et al. 2011).
염도 별 초장을 측정한 결과, 초기생육 지표 중 분명하게 저농도부터 전체 계통에서 생육이 저해되는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 수수에서 0.3% 염 처리 시 IT033845, IT101381, IT124108, IT124115, IT02826는 대조구와 비교하여 30% 이상 감소하였고 0.6% 염 처리시 IR139445, IT185794, IT124114, IT028260을 제외한 나머지 계통은 모두 40% 이상 감소하였으며, IT218409, IT191187, IT101381은 60% 이상 감소하였다. 0.8% 염 처리시 IR139445를 제외한 모든 계통에서 50% 이상 감소하였으며 그 중 IT100992, IT191187, IT100551, IT103274, IT028269는 70% 이상 감소하였다. 1.2% 염 처리시 IT101381, IT199372, IT124094 제외한 13 계통은 70% 이상 감소하였으며 IT124115, IT028385는 모두 고사하였다. 단수수에서는 0.3% 염 처리 시 IS20740, IS22720, IS27887은 대조구와 비교하여 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 나머지 4 계통은 20% 이상 감소되었다. 수수와 마찬가지로 0.6% 염 처리 시 급격하게 감소하였으며 IS20740, IS22720을 제외한 모든 계통에서 40% 이상 감소하였다. 0.8% 처리시 단수수4호, IS20740을 제외한 모든 계통에서 50% 이상 초장이 감소하였으며, 1.2% 염 처리시 모든 계통에서 60-70% 이상 감소하였으며 IS1041은 모두 고사하였다. 수수와 단수수의 염도 별 초장을 비교하였을 때 저농도 0.3%에서는 수수가 단수수에 비해 초장 생육 감소 현상을 좀 더 보였고, 그 외 나머지 염 조건에서는 농도에 따라 감소하는 추세가 비슷한 양상으로 나타났다(Fig. 3). Kang et al. (2019)은 염처리 후 수수 자원의 초장을 평가한 결과, 평균 정도의 내염 수준을 나타내는 계통은 0.2% 염농도에서 대조구 초장의 46.3%가 되었으며, 0.3% 이상 염농도에서 모두 고사되었다고 보고하였다. 또한, 내염성 계통에서는 0.3% 농도에서 70% 이상 초장을 유지하였고, 0.4% 이상에서도 50% 이상 유지하였다. Sun et al. (2014)은 10개의 수수 품종을 대상으로 2개의 염조건(EC 5와 EC 10)에서 수수 자원의 초장을 측정한 결과, 대조구와 비교하여 각각 29%, 47% 감소한 것을 확인하였다. Zhao et al. (2014)은 세 개의 염 조건하에 단수수의 초장을 측정한 결과, 모든 조건에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의한 차이가 나타났지만, 200 mM 이상 처리시 초장이 급격하게 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서도 수수 및 단수수 내염성 평가결과 염도 의존적으로 초장의 생육이 급격하게 감소되는 경향을 보임으로서 이전 연구결과와 비슷한 양상을 보였다.
염도 별 근장을 측정한 결과, 수수와 단수수의 생육차이를 가장 분명하게 보여줬다(Fig. 3). 수수에서는 0.3% 염 처리 시 6 계통에서 30% 이상 감소되었다. 0.6% 처리시에는 IT185794를 제외한 다른 모든 계통에서 20%-50% 이상 감소를 보였으며, 1.2% 처리시 IT218409를 포함한 4 계통에서는 80% 이상 근장이 감소하였고, IT124115, IT028385는 모두 고사하였다. 단수수는 0.3% 염 처리시 대조구와 비교하여 처리구에서 근장이 오히려 모두 증가되는 현상을 보였으며, 단수수4호는 20% 이상, IS20740은 30% 이상, IS22720은 60% 이상 증가했다. 이전 연구에서 수수 유전자원의 내염성 특성을 간척지에서 조사 후 염에 높은 내성을 보인 4 계통을 선발하여 염도 별(0.2% - 1.0%) 근장을 조사한 결과 1 계통에서 0.4% 염 조건까지 근장이 대조구 대비 증가하였으며(Kang et al. 2019), 수수 생육 시 다양한 토양 수소이온 농도(pH)에서 염 처리(100, 200, 300 mmol/L) 후 근장을 조사한 결과에서도 수소이온 농도에 상관없이 저농도 처리구에서는 근장이 대조구에 비해 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다(Sun et al. 2019). 단수수 3 계통을 포함한 총 22 계통의 수수 품종을 대상으로 내염성을 검증한 결과 줄기, 잎, 전체 식물체의 건물중은 비처리구 대비 감소한 반면, 뿌리의 건물중은 전체 약 절반에 해당하는 12개 품종에서 10% 이상 증가된 결과를 보고하였고, 특히 단수수 3개 품종은 모두 뿌리 건물중이 10% 이상 증가하는 특성을 보였다(Chaugool et al. 2013). 본 연구결과를 포함한 수수의 염 조건에서의 근장 증대 현상은 과다 Na+의 흡수로 인한 다른 양분의 흡수를 저해됨으로써 양분 결핍을 야기하기도 하지만, 저염도 조건하에서 Na+와 K+간에 상호작용을 하여 생육이 촉진된다(Heimann & Ratner 1966, Dantus et al. 2005, Qados 2011)는 연구결과와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 단수수 계통 중에 0.6% 염 처리시에도 IS12937, IS20740, IS22720은 대조구와 비교하여 근장이 최대 26.7% 증가하였고, 0.8% 염 처리시까지도 3 계통에서 근장이 최대 22.2% 증가하는 현상을 보여 이들 단수수 계통들은 간척지나 고염 토양에 식재 시 직접적인 염해를 받는 뿌리 부분의 내염성이 강해 환경 적응성 및 내염성이 우수할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 흥미롭게도 본 연구에서 이용한 IS12937, IS20740, IS22720 계통의 경우 총 플라보노이드 함유량이 전체 8 계통 단수수의 평균 함유량 대비 18%-53% 높은 것으로 확인 되었다(Lyu et al. 2019). Minh et al. (2016)은 화본과 작물인 벼에서 10dS⋅m-1 염 처리시 대조구와 비교하여 내염성 2 품종에서 페놀 화합물 함량이 각각 32.93%, 65.74% 증가하였으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 16.87%, 55.58% 증가함을 확인하였으며, Minh et al. (2016)은 내염성 단수수 한 품종과 감수성 수수 2 품종을 대상으로 160 mM 염처리 동안 플라보노이드 생합성 관련 유전자를 비교 분석한 결과, 탄닌과 안토시아닌 합성에 관련된 유전자가 감수성 품종과 비교하여 저항성 품종에서 더 높은 발현량을 나타냈고 보고하였다. 또한, 간척지에서 수수 재배 시 생산물의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 유의적으로 증가되었다는 보고(Kang et al. 2019)에 비춰볼 때 차후 내염성과 종자의 플라보노이드 함유량의 상관관계에 대한 연구가 필요 할 것으로 판단된다.
내염성 특성 및 수준 비교 평가
종합적이고 가시적인 특성 비교를 위해 조사된 형질을 기반으로 주성분 분석 결과(Fig. 4), 고유값 1 이상 되는 주성분 기준으로 총 5개의 주성분이 추출되었고, 누적 기여율은 83.3%로 나타났다. 전체 상관 행렬에 대한 기여율은 주성분 1이 25.0%, 주성분 2는 17.1%, 주성분 3은 15.9%, 주성분 4는 13.8%, 주성분 5는 11.5%로 확인되었다. 또한 수수 내염성 수준 및 조사 형질과 주성분 간의 관계를 살펴보면, 제1주성분에서는 각 염처리 농도 별 근장이 크게 연관되었고, 제2주성분에서는 농도 별 발아율, 제3주성분은 농도 별 엽수가 높게 관여한 것으로 나타났다. 반면 주성분 4, 5는 염 처리 농도 특이적으로 제4주성분은 고농도(1.2%)의 조사 형질값, 제5주성분은 저농도(0.3%)의 조사 형질값들이 연관됨을 확인하였다. 주성분 분석을 토대로 수집 계통의 분포도를 그린 결과(Fig. 4), Group I은 수수 19 계통이 포함되어 있으며, Group II는 단수수 7 계통, Group III는 발아율에서는 상위 수준으로 내염성을 보였지만 실제 염 처리 후 생육조사에서는 감수성을 보인 수수 3 계통으로 확인 되었다.
전체 계통의 내염성 수준을 구분하기 위하여 각 염도 별 발아율과 초장, 근장, 엽수 측정데이터를 기반으로 퍼지종합평가 분석을 수행한 결과(Table 2), 소속 함수 값(membership function value, MFV) 변환 결과 전체 계통의 평균 MFV는 0.47이며, 표준편차는 0.13으로 나타났다. 각 계통의 MFV와 내염성 기준치를 비교한 결과 0.60 ≤ Xi < 0.68 인 highly salt-tolerant (HST)는 단수수 2 계통(단수수4호, IS20740), Xi ≥ 0.68 인 salt-tolerant (ST)는 수수 2 계통(IR139445, IT101381), 단수수 1 계통(IS22720), 0.35 ≤ Xi < 0.60. 인 oderately salt-tolerant (MST)는 단수수 2 계통(단수수2호, IS27887), 수수 16 계통, 0.27 ≤ Xi < 0.35. 인 salt-sensitive (SS)는 단수수 1 계통(IS1041), 수수 2 계통(IT124115, IT028269), Xi < 0.27 인 highly salt-sensitive (HSS)는 수수 2 계통(IT218409, IT028385)으로 확인되었다.
본 연구는 국내 환경 적응성이 우수한 단수수 7 계통과 22 계통의 수수 유전자원의 내염성 특성을 비교하기 위하여 다양한 염 조건 하에서 발아율과 초기 생육 지표로 엽수, 초장, 근장의 변화를 관찰하였다. 염도에 따른 발아율은 염 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였고, 수수 3 계통(IT103274, IT101381, IT104110)과 단수수 3 계통(단수수4호, IS22720, IS27887)에서 다른 계통들과 비교하였을 때 1.2% 고농도에서도 높은 발아율(40.6-63%)을 유지하였다. 생육 지표 중 근장의 변화에서 수수와 단수수의 특성이 극명하게 나눠졌고, 염 처리 시에도 뿌리 신장이 증가된 단수수 계통은 염토양 재배 시 뿌리 활착에 유리하여 간척지에서 적응성이 우수할 것으로 예상된다. 주성분 분석과 퍼지종합평가 방법을 통해 단수수와 수수 계통의 종합적인 형질 비교분석과 내염성 수준을 구분한 결과, 단수수 2 계통(단수수4호, IS20740)이 가장 높은 내성 수준을 보였으며 수수 한 계통(IT218409)이 가장 높은 감수성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 수집자원의 내염성 특성 조사 결과를 토대로 간척지 재배 시 재배환경 및 염도의 특성에 따라 적합한 계통을 선정하여 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
본 논문은 한국원자력연구원의 주요사업 연구개발 프로그램과 정부(미래창조과학부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 자원을 받아 수행된 연구임(과제번호: NRF-2017M2A2A6A05018538).
Fig. 1
Germination rate (%) of 29 sorghum accession under salt stress conditions. Grain sorghum (gray), sweet sorghum (blue).
KJBS-52-032-f1.gif
Fig. 2
Growth pattern of the 29 sorghum accessions in salt treatment conditions. Untreated condition (left) and each concentration (0.3, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.2%).
KJBS-52-032-f2.gif
Fig. 3
Comparison of morphological traits between grain and sweet sorghum in salt treatments. (A) number of the leaf, (B) Height, (C) root length.
KJBS-52-032-f3.gif
Fig. 4
Principal component analysis of 29 sorghum accessions based on the germination rate and morphological traits in salt treatment conditions with different concentrations.
KJBS-52-032-f4.gif
Table 1
Origin and accession number of 29 sorghum germplasms used in this study.
Table 1
Accession Number Name Types Origin
IT218409 Gangwonsamcheok-2001-40 Grain sorghum Korea
IR139445 High land sweet Grain sorghum Korea
IR100992 DINE-A-MITE Grain sorghum Unknown
IT033845 Pioneer 947 Grain sorghum Unknown
IT028258 Muansusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT124065 IS645 Grain sorghum United State
IT185794 Neulsusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT191187 Charlsusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT105551 Sigyeongsusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT103274 Jangmoksusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT101381 Hansansusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT199372 Sorghum medovoe Grain sorghum Russia
IT124094 IS2868 Grain sorghum South Africa
IT124108 IS5718 Grain sorghum India
IT124114 Moktak Grain sorghum Korea
IT124115 Banwoldang Grain sorghum Korea
IT028260 Chalsusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT143764 IS14131 Grain sorghum Portugal
IT104110 Bitjarususu Grain sorghum Korea
IT028385 KLSo79125 Grain sorghum Korea
IT028358 KLSo79075 Grain sorghum Korea
IT028269 Mesusu Grain sorghum Korea
IS 12937 SS.74 Sweet sorghum Ethiopia
S18-1 - Sweet sorghum Unknown
Dasusu4ho Dansusu4ho Sweet sorghum Korea (RDA)
Dasusu2ho Dansusu2ho Sweet sorghum Korea (RDA)
IS 20740 SS.117 Sweet sorghum USA
IS 22720 SS.129 Sweet sorghum Somalia
IS 27887 SS.174 Sweet sorghum South Africa
Table 2
Membership function values (MFVs) based on germination rate and morphological traits with each dosage of salt tolerant and salt sensitivity sorghum germplasmsz.
Table 2
Accession Number MFV SD_MFV Class
IT218409 0.25 0.15 HSS
IR139445 0.60 0.33 ST
IR100992 0.45 0.21 MST
IT033845 0.41 0.18 MST
IT028258 0.46 0.26 MST
IT124065 0.46 0.35 MST
IT185794 0.54 0.20 MST
IT191187 0.36 0.26 MST
IT105551 0.44 0.22 MST
IT103274 0.54 0.30 MST
IT101381 0.61 0.33 ST
IT199372 0.50 0.25 MST
IT124094 0.46 0.31 MST
IT124108 0.49 0.19 MST
IT124114 0.50 0.30 MST
IT124115 0.27 0.27 SS
IT028260 0.43 0.20 MST
IT143764 0.51 0.28 MST
IT104110 0.58 0.25 MST
IT028385 0.26 0.24 HSS
IT028358 0.36 0.26 MST
IT028269 0.33 0.25 SS
IS 12937 0.56 0.23 MST
IS 1041 0.30 0.28 SS
Dasusu4ho 0.69 0.23 HST
Dasusu2ho 0.43 0.24 MST
IS 20740 0.73 0.24 HST
IS 22720 0.68 0.30 ST
IS 27887 0.53 0.25 MST
Mean 0.47 0.13

zSD_MFV = standard deviation of membership value, HST = highly salt-tolerant, ST = salt-tolerant, MST = moderately salt-tolerant, SS = salt sensitive, HSS = highly salt-sensitive.

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Comparison of Salinity Tolerance Between Grain and Sweet Sorghum Germplasms [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench]
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(1):32-40.   Published online March 1, 2020
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Comparison of Salinity Tolerance Between Grain and Sweet Sorghum Germplasms [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench]
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(1):32-40.   Published online March 1, 2020
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Comparison of Salinity Tolerance Between Grain and Sweet Sorghum Germplasms [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench]
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Germination rate (%) of 29 sorghum accession under salt stress conditions. Grain sorghum (gray), sweet sorghum (blue).
Fig. 2 Growth pattern of the 29 sorghum accessions in salt treatment conditions. Untreated condition (left) and each concentration (0.3, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.2%).
Fig. 3 Comparison of morphological traits between grain and sweet sorghum in salt treatments. (A) number of the leaf, (B) Height, (C) root length.
Fig. 4 Principal component analysis of 29 sorghum accessions based on the germination rate and morphological traits in salt treatment conditions with different concentrations.
Comparison of Salinity Tolerance Between Grain and Sweet Sorghum Germplasms [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench]

Origin and accession number of 29 sorghum germplasms used in this study.

Accession Number Name Types Origin
IT218409 Gangwonsamcheok-2001-40 Grain sorghum Korea
IR139445 High land sweet Grain sorghum Korea
IR100992 DINE-A-MITE Grain sorghum Unknown
IT033845 Pioneer 947 Grain sorghum Unknown
IT028258 Muansusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT124065 IS645 Grain sorghum United State
IT185794 Neulsusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT191187 Charlsusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT105551 Sigyeongsusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT103274 Jangmoksusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT101381 Hansansusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT199372 Sorghum medovoe Grain sorghum Russia
IT124094 IS2868 Grain sorghum South Africa
IT124108 IS5718 Grain sorghum India
IT124114 Moktak Grain sorghum Korea
IT124115 Banwoldang Grain sorghum Korea
IT028260 Chalsusu Grain sorghum Korea
IT143764 IS14131 Grain sorghum Portugal
IT104110 Bitjarususu Grain sorghum Korea
IT028385 KLSo79125 Grain sorghum Korea
IT028358 KLSo79075 Grain sorghum Korea
IT028269 Mesusu Grain sorghum Korea
IS 12937 SS.74 Sweet sorghum Ethiopia
S18-1 - Sweet sorghum Unknown
Dasusu4ho Dansusu4ho Sweet sorghum Korea (RDA)
Dasusu2ho Dansusu2ho Sweet sorghum Korea (RDA)
IS 20740 SS.117 Sweet sorghum USA
IS 22720 SS.129 Sweet sorghum Somalia
IS 27887 SS.174 Sweet sorghum South Africa

Membership function values (MFVs) based on germination rate and morphological traits with each dosage of salt tolerant and salt sensitivity sorghum germplasmsz.

Accession Number MFV SD_MFV Class
IT218409 0.25 0.15 HSS
IR139445 0.60 0.33 ST
IR100992 0.45 0.21 MST
IT033845 0.41 0.18 MST
IT028258 0.46 0.26 MST
IT124065 0.46 0.35 MST
IT185794 0.54 0.20 MST
IT191187 0.36 0.26 MST
IT105551 0.44 0.22 MST
IT103274 0.54 0.30 MST
IT101381 0.61 0.33 ST
IT199372 0.50 0.25 MST
IT124094 0.46 0.31 MST
IT124108 0.49 0.19 MST
IT124114 0.50 0.30 MST
IT124115 0.27 0.27 SS
IT028260 0.43 0.20 MST
IT143764 0.51 0.28 MST
IT104110 0.58 0.25 MST
IT028385 0.26 0.24 HSS
IT028358 0.36 0.26 MST
IT028269 0.33 0.25 SS
IS 12937 0.56 0.23 MST
IS 1041 0.30 0.28 SS
Dasusu4ho 0.69 0.23 HST
Dasusu2ho 0.43 0.24 MST
IS 20740 0.73 0.24 HST
IS 22720 0.68 0.30 ST
IS 27887 0.53 0.25 MST
Mean 0.47 0.13
Table 1 Origin and accession number of 29 sorghum germplasms used in this study.
Table 2 Membership function values (MFVs) based on germination rate and morphological traits with each dosage of salt tolerant and salt sensitivity sorghum germplasmsz.

SD_MFV = standard deviation of membership value, HST = highly salt-tolerant, ST = salt-tolerant, MST = moderately salt-tolerant, SS = salt sensitive, HSS = highly salt-sensitive.