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농업 형질 및 자엽의 색소 성분 특성에 기반한 녹색자엽 검정콩 자원의 유전적 다양성

이지윤1, 최홍집1, 손창기1, 배정숙1, 조현2, 이정동2,*

Genetic Diversity of Black Soybean Germplasms with Green Cotyledons Based on Agronomic Traits and Cotyledon Pigments

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2021;53(2):127-139.
Published online: June 1, 2021

1경북농업기술원

2경북대학교 응용생명과학과

1Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea

2Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding Author (E-mail: jdlee@knu.ac.kr, Tel:+82-53-950-5709, Fax: +82-53-958-6880)
• Received: April 23, 2021   • Revised: April 24, 2021   • Accepted: May 11, 2021

Copyright © 2021 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Genetic Diversity of Korean Black Soybean (Glycine max L.) Germplasms with Green Cotyledons Based on Seed Composition Traits
    Ji Yun Lee, Hyun Jo, Chang Ki Son, Jeong Suk Bae, Jeong-Dong Lee
    Agriculture.2023; 13(2): 406.     CrossRef
  • Black Soybean Cultivar “Saebaram” with Dark Green Cotyledons and a Large Seed Size
    Ji Yun Lee, Chang Ki Son, Jeong Suk Bae, Hyeon Tae Cho, Hong Jib Choi, Jeong-Dong Lee, Hyun Jo
    Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2022; 54(4): 453.     CrossRef
  • cacGMS: An Algorithm Cluster Germplasm based on Categorical Genetic Traits
    Dong Su Yu, Manjung Kang, Nayoung Ro, Onsook Hur
    Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2022; 54(1): 16.     CrossRef
  • Black Soybean Cultivar ‘Gyeongheukcheong’ with Dark Green Cotyledon and High Yield Potential
    Ji Yun Lee, Chang Ki Son, Jeong Suk Bae, Hyeon Tae Cho, Hong Jib Choi, Jeong-Dong Lee, Hyun Jo
    Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2022; 54(4): 461.     CrossRef
  • Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Seed Weight in Soybean with Black Seed Coats and Green Cotyledons
    Hyun Jo, Ji Yun Lee, Jeong-Dong Lee
    Agronomy.2022; 12(2): 250.     CrossRef

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Genetic Diversity of Black Soybean Germplasms with Green Cotyledons Based on Agronomic Traits and Cotyledon Pigments
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(2):127-139.   Published online June 1, 2021
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Genetic Diversity of Black Soybean Germplasms with Green Cotyledons Based on Agronomic Traits and Cotyledon Pigments
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(2):127-139.   Published online June 1, 2021
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Genetic Diversity of Black Soybean Germplasms with Green Cotyledons Based on Agronomic Traits and Cotyledon Pigments
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Distribution of 469 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) according to intrinsic characteristics (hypocotyl color, flower color, plant habit, powder and luster of seed coat) and variable characteristics (lodging, shattering, leaf disease, SMV) in three years (2013-2015).
Fig. 2 Scatterplot of principal components 1 (39.6%) and 2 (31.6%) based on 13 quantitative traits of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja). Flowering: flowering days from planting (about 50% of flowering), Harvesting: harvesting days from planting, Seed weight: 100-seed weight
Fig. 3 Four clusters based on three principal components of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) by K-means cluster analysis.
Fig. 4 Box plot of agronomical and seed composition traits in four clusters of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja), by K-means cluster analysis.
Genetic Diversity of Black Soybean Germplasms with Green Cotyledons Based on Agronomic Traits and Cotyledon Pigments

Statistical data for agronomic traits of 469 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, Cheongja), and a yellow soybean check cultivar Uram over three years (2013-2015).

Trait Mean SDz CVy Maximum Minimum median PCSx Kurtosisw Uramv
Flowering (days)u 59.7 5.6 9.3 71.5 37.7 62.0 -1.06 0.66 51.0
Harvesting (days)t 138.1 8.9 6.4 156.0 112.3 141.0 -0.63 -0.39 130.7
Plant height (cm) 87.0 17.0 19.5 151.6 49.6 90.7 -0.14 0.35 62.9
Number of nodes 18.5 2.2 11.8 25.9 12.3 19.0 -0.41 0.08 15.3
Number of branches 6.6 1.5 22.5 10.5 2.8 6.6 -0.01 -0.53 5.8
Seed weight (g)s 33.9 8.7 25.7 49.3 9.1 36.1 -1.36 1.12 30.3
Seed length (cm) 9.7 1.2 12.7 11.5 6.0 10.0 -1.68 1.94 8.8
Seed width (cm) 8.3 0.9 10.8 9.4 5.5 8.6 -1.64 1.76 7.9
Seed thickness (cm) 6.4 0.6 9.1 7.9 4.4 6.5 -1.38 1.55 7.0

Simple linear correlation coefficients with 9 agronomic traits of 469 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) over three years (2013-2015).

Trait Flowering Harvesting Plant height Number of nodes Number of branches Seed weight Seed length Seed width Seed thickness
Floweringz 1
Harvestingy 0.774*** 1
Plant height 0.671*** 0.601*** 1
Number of nodes 0.689*** 0.571*** 0.844*** 1
Number of branches 0.542*** 0.457*** 0.291*** 0.397*** 1
Seed weightx 0.178*** 0.412*** 0.174*** 0.046 0.137** 1
Seed length 0.133** 0.387*** 0.147** -0.001 0.087 0.933*** 1
Seed width 0.208*** 0.455*** 0.173** 0.042 0.164*** 0.933*** 0.971*** 1
Seed thickness -0.031 0.276*** -0.021 -0.125 0.051 0.820*** 0.836*** 0.883*** 1

Simple linear correlations coefficients between 9 agronomic traits and seed pigments of 468 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) over three years (2013-2015).

Trait Floweringz Harvestingy Plant height Number of nodes Number of branches Seed weightx Seed length Seed width Seed thickness
Luteinw -0.546*** -0.524*** -0.378*** -0.381*** -0.223*** 0.039 0.054 0.011 0.164***
Chlorophyll av -0.690*** -0.588*** -0.520*** -0.565*** -0.440*** 0.105* 0.132** 0.077 0.272***
Chlorophyll bu 0.480*** 0.482*** 0.432*** 0.458*** 0.446*** 0.296*** 0.241*** 0.327*** 0.234***
Total chlorophyllt -0.515*** -0.411*** -0.361*** -0.396*** -0.275*** 0.219*** 0.225*** 0.203*** 0.364***

Simple linear correlations coefficients between pigments in cotyledon and color difference of z355 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) in 2013.

Trait Color valuey
L* a* b*
Lutein (μg/g) -0.663*** -0.542*** 0.325***
Chlorophyll a (μg/g) -0.786*** -0.812*** 0.411***
Chlorophyll b (μg/g) -0.382*** -0.302*** 0.667***
Total chlorophyll (μg/g) -0.919*** -0.908*** 0.684***

Eigenvalues and proportion of principal component to 13 quantitative traits of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja).

Principal component Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
1 5.147 1.044 0.396 0.396
2 4.102 2.620 0.316 0.711
3 1.483 0.651 0.114 0.826
4 0.831 0.410 0.064 0.889
5 0.421 0.123 0.032 0.922
6 0.298 0.081 0.023 0.945
7 0.216 0.064 0.017 0.961
8 0.152 0.018 0.012 0.973
9 0.134 0.006 0.010 0.983
10 0.128 0.054 0.010 0.993
11 0.074 0.059 0.006 0.999
12 0.015 0.015 0.001 1.000
13 0.000 0.000 1.000

Three principal components among 13 quantitative traits of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja).

Trait Principal component (Eigenvectors)
1 2 3
Floweringz 0.391w -0.058 0.103
Harvestingy 0.386 0.079 -0.028
Plant height 0.340 -0.038 0.228
Number of nodes 0.338 -0.100 0.303
Number of branches 0.259 -0.007 0.217
Seed weightx 0.153 0.432 -0.149
Seed length 0.136 0.440 -0.191
Seed width 0.167 0.440 -0.162
Seed thickness 0.064 0.448 -0.142
Lutein -0.289 0.202 0.455
Chlorophyll a -0.349 0.238 0.190
Chlorophyll b 0.228 0.143 0.540
Total chlorophyll -0.266 0.295 0.399

Statistical variables for cluster of 13 quantitative traits of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) by K-means cluster analysis.

Variable Total SDz Within SDy R-Squarex RSQ/(1-RSQ)w
Floweringt 5.587 3.342 0.644 1.813
Harvestings 8.900 6.048 0.541 1.180
Plant height 17.007 8.580 0.747q 2.954
Number of nodes 2.197 1.372 0.612 1.580
Number of branches 1.481 1.264 0.277 0.383
Seed weightr 8.735 8.281 0.107 0.120
Seed length 1.221 1.161 0.101 0.112
Seed width 0.897 0.850 0.107 0.120
Seed thickness 0.583 0.561 0.079 0.086
Lutein 2.736 1.906 0.518 1.074
Chlorophyll a 15.630 6.002 0.854 5.826
Chlorophyll b 5.909 4.833 0.335 0.504
Total chlorophyll 15.458 9.566 0.620 1.628
OVER-ALL 8.820 5.191 0.656 1.905
Pseudo F Statisticv=293.43
Cubic Clustering Criterionu=28.579
Table 1 Statistical data for agronomic traits of 469 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, Cheongja), and a yellow soybean check cultivar Uram over three years (2013-2015).

zSD: standard deviation, yCV: coefficient of variation, xPCS: Pearson’s coefficient of skewness [(PCS>0, skewed to the right=positively skewed distribution), (PCS<0, skewed to the left=negatively skewed distribution), (PCS=0, normal distribution)], wKurtosis (K): [(K>3, narrow curved), (K<3 broad curved), (K=3, normal distribution)], vUram: check cultivar with yellow seed coat and cotyledon, uFlowering: flowering days from planting (about 50% of flowering), tHarvesting: harvesting days from planting, sSeed weight: 100-seed weight

Table 2 Simple linear correlation coefficients with 9 agronomic traits of 469 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) over three years (2013-2015).

zFlowering: flowering days from planting (about 50% of flowering), yHarvesting: harvesting days from planting, xSeed weight: 100-seed weight

***Significant at the 0.001 level of probability, **Significant at the 0.01 level, *Significant at the 0.05 level

Table 3 Simple linear correlations coefficients between 9 agronomic traits and seed pigments of 468 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) over three years (2013-2015).

zFlowering: flowering days from planting (about 50% of flowering), yHarvesting: harvesting days from planting, xSeed weight: weight of 100 seeds, wLutein~tTotal chlorophyll: contents in cotyledon removed seed coats

***Significant at the 0.001 level of probability, **Significant at the 0.01 level, *Significant at the 0.05 level

Table 4 Simple linear correlations coefficients between pigments in cotyledon and color difference of z355 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) in 2013.

zAccessions with sufficient amounts of seeds were used for chromaticity analysis

yColor value (CIE-L*a*b* system): L* [Lightness (0~100)], a* [redness (-) Green~(+) Red], b* [yellowness (-) Blue~(+) Yellow]

*** Significant at the 0.001 level of probability, **Significant at the 0.01 level, *Significant at the 0.05 level

Table 5 Eigenvalues and proportion of principal component to 13 quantitative traits of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja).
Table 6 Three principal components among 13 quantitative traits of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja).

zFlowering: flowering days from planting (about 50% of flowering), yHarvesting: harvesting days from planting, xSeed weight: 100-seed weight

wThe underlined values are the traits that showed the higher correlation with the principal component.

Table 7 Statistical variables for cluster of 13 quantitative traits of 466 black soybean germplasms with green cotyledons including two checks (Cheongja 3, and Cheongja) by K-means cluster analysis.

zTotal SD: standard deviation for the total sample, yWithin SD: pooled within cluster standard deviation, xR-Square: for predicting the variable from the cluster, wRSQ/(1-RSQ): the ratio of between-cluster variance to within-cluster variance(R2/(1-R2)), vPseudo F Statistic: estimating the number of clusters, uCubic Clustering Criterion: computed under the assumption that the variables as uncorrelated, tFlowering: flowering days from planting (about 50% of flowering), sHarvesting: harvesting days from planting, rSeed weight: 100-seed weight, qThe underlined values are the traits that one of the most important elements for clustering.