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맥주보리의 Large-InDel 마커 개발을 위한 Whole Genome Re-Sequencing의 이용

김태헌1, 김양길1, 손재한2, 전재범3, 윤영미1,*

Utilization of Whole Genome Re-Sequencing for Large-InDel Markers Development in Malting Barley

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2021;53(3):266-276.
Published online: September 1, 2021

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물육종과

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물과

3농촌진흥청 디지털농업추진단

1National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea

2Central Area Crop Breeding Division, RDA, Suwon, 16429, Republic of Korea

3Department of Digital Agriculture, RDA, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding Author (E-mail: mi3710@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5227, Fax: +82-63-238-5205)
• Received: July 14, 2021   • Revised: July 23, 2021   • Accepted: July 29, 2021

Copyright © 2021 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Genetic diversity and cultivar identification in Rehmannia glutinosa using morphological traits and genome-wide SNP/InDel variation
    Sumin Jeong, Yun Ji Park, Yunjoo Kang, Yeseul Kim, Byung Jun Jin, Yong-Goo Kim, Jong Won Han, Inkyu Park
    Industrial Crops and Products.2025; 237: 122301.     CrossRef

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Utilization of Whole Genome Re-Sequencing for Large-InDel Markers Development in Malting Barley
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(3):266-276.   Published online September 1, 2021
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Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(3):266-276.   Published online September 1, 2021
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Utilization of Whole Genome Re-Sequencing for Large-InDel Markers Development in Malting Barley
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 The distributions of InDel detected between 6 Korean malting barley varieties and Morex. (A) Genome-wide distribution of InDels detected between 6 Korean malting barley varieties and Morex along 7 chromosomes and unknown chromosome. (A-a) Each circos represents the 7 chromosomes and unknown chromosome of H. vulgare. (A-b~A-g) Circos diagrams represent InDel density distributed on each chromosome in H. vulgare. with sliding windows of 1 Mbp. (A-b) Baegho. (A-c) Kwangmaeg. (A-d) Heugho. (A-e) Hopum. (A-f) Jinyangbori. (A-g) Nurimaeg. (B) The size distribution of insertions and deletions detected between 6 Korean malting barley varieties and Morex.
Fig. 2 The electrophoresis of 3 large-InDel markers developed using ≥50 bp unique InDels identified between 6 Korean malting barley varieties and Morex. (A) 50BH1H-2. (B) 50HP5H-1. (C) 50JY7H-2. M: 100bp size marker. 1~31: malting barley varieties used in this study, presented in Supplementary Table 1.
Fig. 3 Phylogenetic relationships of 31 malting barley varieties based on 17 large-InDel markers by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The scale bar indicates the genetic distance.
Utilization of Whole Genome Re-Sequencing for Large-InDel Markers Development in Malting Barley

Summary of the whole genome re-sequencing data from 6 Korean malting barley varieties mapped on the reference genome.

Variety Raw data GC (%) Q20 (%) Trimmed data Mapped sites (≥1ⅹ) Coveragez (%, ≥1ⅹ) Unique Mapped
reads
Unique Mapped
bases (G)
Average Depth (x)
Reads Bases Reads Bases
Baegho 381,623,896 57,625,208,296 45.33 97.21 349,954,170 51,157,143,212 3,609,902,559 74.67 211,145,586 30,739,038,802 6.36
Heugho 368,894,520 55,703,072,520 44.13 96.71 337,298,954 48,931,317,035 3,556,629,274 73.57 225,856,360 32,646,145,093 6.75
Hopum 375,231,692 56,659,985,492 43.25 97.03 339,927,448 49,728,159,348 3,528,123,120 72.98 228,389,808 33,338,308,609 6.90
Jinyangbori 459,411,158 69,371,084,858 43.60 97.00 415,528,674 60,747,757,588 3,622,925,028 74.94 270,323,156 39,415,505,443 8.15
Kwangmaeg 483,584,162 73,021,208,462 43.88 96.82 436,794,186 63,853,842,734 3,629,680,786 75.08 285,828,020 41,691,539,837 8.62
Nurimaeg 624,036,920 94,229,574,920 44.13 97.22 572,775,358 83,888,403,648 3,715,825,654 76.86 358,477,728 52,354,131,893 10.83
Mean 448,797,058 67,768,355,758 44.05 97.00 408,713,132 59,717,770,594 3,610,514,404 74.68 263,336,776 38,364,111,613 7.85

The number of unique InDels at each of chromosomes in 6 Korean malting barley varieties.

Variety Chr. 1 Chr. 2 Chr. 3 Chr. 4 Chr. 5 Chr. 6 Chr. 7 Chr. unassigned Total
Baegho 3,351 1,093 1,324 842 3,011 496 5,032 207 15,356
Heugho 1,379 0 3 717 1,429 1 2 17 3,548
Hopum 1,445 0 0 3 252 1 448 23 2,172
Jinyangbori 44 8 26 71 14 807 355 32 1,357
Kwangmaeg 5,195 26 170 2,069 300 8,726 1,206 203 17,895
Nurimaeg 10 459 6,411 459 1,389 1,458 134 84 10,404
Total 11,424 1,586 7,934 4,161 6,395 11,489 7,177 566 50,732

Annotation of InDels identified between 6 Korean malting barley varieties and reference genome. InDels were classified based on the annotations of reference genome.

Variety CDS Intron 5' UTR 3' UTR Intergenic Total
Non synonymous Synonymous
Baegho 1 0 936 96 115 14208 15356
Heugho 0 0 219 29 38 3262 3548
Hopum 0 1 131 10 16 2014 2172
Jinyangbori 0 0 167 13 10 1167 1357
Kwangmaeg 2 1 667 80 85 17060 17895
Nurimaeg 0 0 323 36 28 10017 10404
Total 3 2 2443 264 292 47728 50732

Characteristics of newly developed 17 InDel markers using the whole genome re-sequencing data from 6 Korean malting barley varieties.

Primer InDel
Position
Forward primer (5'-3') Reverse primer (5'-3') InDel
size
Expected product size (bp) PIC
50BH1H-2 1H (10,961,973) CACCCTGCATGAAAGAAAGTATG TCCTACATGTTCATAGAGCCATG -62 308 0.373
BH7H-2 7H (7,591,851) CTTGAAATCGGTATGAACAACCC TTAGAGCAAGTTAACTAGGGCTT -55 435 0.160
HH1H-9 1H (529,911,805) TTCATGGCTGCTATCCTTACAAT ATATCCTTGTAGCCAGTCCTTTC -76 358 0.289
HH4H-3 4H (4,226,207) GACTCTTGATCAACGATCGATCT GAAACTTAGGCGGTAGTTGGATA +59 438 0.353
HP1H-5 1H (267,927,828) TTTGCAAGACGTTACATTCATCG CTGTCCCATATACTCATGAGCAA -61 411 0.234
50HP5H-1 5H (7,476,116) TATAGGAAACGCTGAGATGTGAC AAACCAGTTCCTTGTATCACTCC -87 300 0.263
50HP5H-2 5H (15,653,913) TCCGTCCTCTATGCCTATGAATA GCGTCATGATATATGAGCATCTATG -58 353 0.327
50JY7H-2 7H (3,690,102) TCACACTCCCTTACCTCATAGAT GCTTGGCAGACTTAATTTACCAG -50 338 0.362
GM1H-10 1H (342,831,132) CAAGGATCTAAGCAAACATGCAA GATTAATCCAACGGTCATTGTGG -60 396 0.263
GM1H-17 1H (455,796,748) CTAGGGATATTCTGATCGGTTGG TTAGCATGCCTCAATCATACCAT +54 425 0.362
50GM4H-3 4H (38,957,934) ATCCTTATAAGTCATGCTCTGCC TGCATCCAACACTTCATGTCATC +73 356 0.160
GM6H-30 6H (383,582,843) GGAGAAGTCATCTTGTAAAGCCA CTCATGAGCATAAGTGATCCAGT -50 376 0.060
50GM6H-4 6H (48,302,999) AAATTCCTCCTACTGAACTGAGC GTGGAAATGAACTTGTTGGTGGT +54 320 0.342
NM3H-28 3H (400,954,841) TGACCAATGTTGTGATTGACAAA TCCTAAGGCTCCCTAGTTCAATA -81 419 0.200
NM3H-36 3H (517,324,260) GGGAGCACAAGATAACACCATTA TAAGCTGAAACCTCCTTGAAAGT -63 375 0.234
NM5H-3 5H (516,751,365) AACAATGACCACAACACTATTGC AAATGGAAGGAAAGCTGCTATAA -87 348 0.327
NM5H-6 5H (523,703,745) GATAGTATTAGGAGTTGCTCGCA CCGAAGAGACATGTACATTTGTT -53 365 0.160
Table 1 Summary of the whole genome re-sequencing data from 6 Korean malting barley varieties mapped on the reference genome.

zCoverage: Mapped sites/reference sites×100, reference genome size: 4,834,432,680 bp.

Table 2 The number of unique InDels at each of chromosomes in 6 Korean malting barley varieties.
Table 3 Annotation of InDels identified between 6 Korean malting barley varieties and reference genome. InDels were classified based on the annotations of reference genome.
Table 4 Characteristics of newly developed 17 InDel markers using the whole genome re-sequencing data from 6 Korean malting barley varieties.