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대량전사체분석을 통한 국내 수발아 저항성 밀의 유전자 발현 분석

박상용1, 최창현2, 김경훈2, 정우주3, 김재윤1,*

Expression Analysis of Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerant Korean Wheat via Transcriptomic Analysis

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2022;54(2):104-118.
Published online: June 1, 2022

1공주대학교 식물자원학과

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

3고려대학교 생명자원연구소

1Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea

2National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea

3Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding Author (E-mail: jaeyoonkim@kongju.ac.kr, Tel: +82-041-330-1203, Fax: +82-41-330-1209)
• Received: February 13, 2022   • Revised: April 26, 2022   • Accepted: April 26, 2022

Copyright © 2022 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Transcriptome Analysis for Flooding Stress-related Gene Identification inGlycine soja
    Tae Kyeom Kim, Sang Yong Park, Jae Yoon Kim
    Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2022; 54(4): 315.     CrossRef
  • Transcriptome and Proteome Co-Profiling Offers an Understanding of Pre-Harvest Sprouting (PHS) Molecular Mechanisms in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
    Sang Yong Park, Woo Joo Jung, Geul Bang, Heeyoun Hwang, Jae Yoon Kim
    Plants.2022; 11(21): 2807.     CrossRef

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Expression Analysis of Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerant Korean Wheat via Transcriptomic Analysis
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(2):104-118.   Published online June 1, 2022
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Expression Analysis of Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerant Korean Wheat via Transcriptomic Analysis
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(2):104-118.   Published online June 1, 2022
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Expression Analysis of Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerant Korean Wheat via Transcriptomic Analysis
Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pre-harvest sprouting induction experiment for RNA-seq analysis. (A) An artificial environment was provided to maintain optimal conditions for PHS induction. (B) The PHS induction experiment caused early germination of ‘Keumgang’. (C) Confirmation of germinated seed rate in ‘Keumgang’ Day after PHS+7. (D) Confirmation of germinated seed rate at Day after PHS+7 of ‘Jeonju 377ho’.
Fig. 2 Functional annotation classification was shown using KOG (eukaryotic orthologous groups) analysis based on representative transcripts. As a result, a total of 26 functions were identified.
Fig. 3 Analysis metabolism and pathways were confirmed through KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) analysis targeting representative transcripts.
Fig. 4 Heatmap and line plot analysis for cluster sets I and Ⅱ. (A) The expression patterns for PHS treatment of Keumgang (K_1 vs K_7), Joenju 377ho (KM_1 vs KM_7) were compared and analyzed, and each showed six expression patterns. (B) The differences in expression between cultivars caused by PHS treatment before and after (K_1 vs KM_1 and K_7 vs KM_7) were compared and analyzed, and each of the six expression patterns was shown.
Fig. 5 Gene Ontology (GO) analysis is divided into three functional categories: Biological Process (BP), Cellular Component (CC), and Molecular Function (MF). In cluster II, a total of 1,036 related DEGs expressed as 49 GO Term in BP and 12 GO Term in CC and MF were analyzed.
Fig. 6 Validation of PHS and seed dormancy related selected DEGs using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. (A) A group of candidate DEGs showed high expression on day 1 and low expression on day 7 of PHS treatment in ‘Jeonju 377ho’. (B) A group of candidate DEGs showed low expression on day 1 and high expression on day 7 of PHS treatment in ‘Keumgang’.
Expression Analysis of Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerant Korean Wheat via Transcriptomic Analysis

Number of raw data reads and mapping reads

Sample ID Total reads Aligned 0 times Aligned exactly 1 time Aligned ≥1 times Mapping rate
Reads (ea) Percent (%) Reads (ea) Percent (%) Reads (ea) Percent (%) Reads (ea) Percent (%)
K1 26,058,109 2,426,020 9.31% 1,444,724 5.54% 22,187,365 85.15% 23,632,089 90.69%
26,058,109 2,523,271 9.68% 1,496,487 5.74% 22,038,351 84.57% 23,534,838 90.32%
KM1 33,131,971 4,040,234 12.19% 2,086,507 6.30% 27,005,230 81.51% 29,091,737 87.81%
33,131,971 4,018,507 12.13% 2,093,121 6.32% 27,020,343 81.55% 29,113,464 87.87%
K7 41,079,207 4,473426 10.89% 2,453,590 5.97% 34,152,191 83.14% 36,605,781 89.11%
41,079,207 4,572,891 11.13% 2,505,519 6.10% 34,000,797 82.77% 36,506,316 88.87%
KM7 37,108,988 9,237971 24.89% 1,896,424 5.11% 25,974,593 70.00% 27,871,017 75.11%
37,108,988 9,332,250 25.15% 1,921,987 5.18% 25,854,751 69.67% 27,776,738 74.85%
4ea 274,756,550 40,624,570 14.79% 15,898,359 5.79% 218,233,621 79.43% 234,131,980 85.21%

The number of DEGs detected through clustering set I, II analysis and the number of annotation DEGs

Group Cluster I Cluster II
Num. of DEGs in cluster Annotated DEGs Num. of DEGs in cluster Annotated DEGs
1 752 495 365 240
2 2,545 1,866 640 282
3 79 44 461 308
4 1,058 757 504 300
5 396 271 84 64
6 89 47 79 46
Total 4,919 3,480 2,133 1,240

Descriptions of candidate DEGs and primer design for gene expression analysis

Genes
(Assembled transcripts)
Gene description Forward (5' → 3') Reverse (5' → 3') Tm
K1 vs KM1 Up-regulation DEGs
Keumgang1SL003317t014 PROLM24 - Prolamin precursor AGCAGCAAGGGCAAAGTTTC TGTCATGGGGATGCTGTAGATG 60℃
Keumgang1SL001254t019 beta-amylase GCCCTTCTCGAATTTGTTGTCG ACGCAAGCCAGTGTTTGTAG 60℃
Keumgang1SL095837t001 ANAC087, Arabidopsis NAC domain containing protein 87 TCGTCAACCCACATTGCATG TATTGGAAGCGGCATTTGCG 60℃
Keumgang1SL002056t010 MFT, PEBP family protein AACAGCACCAGCACGTAGC TGGCTGGTGGTTAACATACCTG 60℃
Keumgang1SL008016t001 Serine protease inhibitor, potato inhibitor I-type family protein AGCAAGCTTGATGTGCATGG GGAAAGTACATCCATGGCATGC 60℃
Keumgang1SL001264t011 ATCRA1,CRA1,CRU1, RmlC-like cupins superfamily protein AGTGGTGTAGATGCTTGTAGCC TGGCACAACTGTTTGGCATG 60℃
Keumgang1SL034539t010 Tubby-like F-box protein AAAGATGTCGTCGCTTGTGC CGACACCGGAAAAGTGAGTTTC 60℃
Keumgang1SL011205t005 ATSUC3,ATSUT2,SUC3,SUT2, sucrose transporter 2 ACCTTGCACAGTGTTGTTGG TCTGCATTGCTGTTGTGGTC 60℃
K1 vs K7 Up-regulation DEGs
Keumgang1SL003578t009 Starch branching enzyme 2.2 GCTCTGATGTTTGGTGGACATG TTCCGCTTTTTCCTCAACGC 60℃
Keumgang1SL001971t019 BETA-VPE,BETAVPE, vacuolar-processing enzyme precursor TCGCCAAAAACGACCTCAAC AGTAACCGCGGTTTTGTTCC 60℃
Keumgang1SL003424t003 fatty acid hydroxylase TTTCCAGTTCTCCCTCCATTCG ATTTGACGGTTCCCACATGC 60℃
Keumgang1SL014234t009 4-alpha-glucanotransferase TGCTGGTTTTTGGGCAGTTC ACAGCTTTGAACAGCGCATC 60℃
Keumgang1SL007804t008 ACT domain containing protein TATTGCGGAGATTGAGGGCTAC TTGCATTTGAGGCTCGCAAG 60℃
Keumgang1SL000284t005 AtCOR47,COR47,RD17, cold-regulated 47 CAAACACAACACACGCCAAC TGCCTGGTTACCACAAGACAG 60℃
Keumgang1SL004791t001 thiaminC, thiamine biosynthesis protein TGTGTGGTCCCAAGTTTTGC AGCTTCACCATGTTGTTCGC 60℃
Keumgang1SL038902t003 CAMK includes calcium/ calmodulin depedent protein kinases AGAACCTCATGTCCATGTACCG TTCCAAGAGAGGGTTCGGAATG 60℃
Keumgang1SL007502t020 zinc finger, C3HC4 type domain containing protein ACAATGGGCATGCCAAATGG ACATTGCTTTGACGCTGAGG 60℃
Keumgang1SL000284t005 aldehyde dehydrogenase AACCACTTTGACTGCAGTGC ATGCTTGCATTGTGCTGGAC 60℃
Housekeeping gene
TaActin Housekeeping gene GCTGTTCCAGCCATCTCATGT CGATCAGCAATTCCAGGAAAC 60℃
Table 1 Number of raw data reads and mapping reads
Table 2 The number of DEGs detected through clustering set I, II analysis and the number of annotation DEGs
Table 3 Descriptions of candidate DEGs and primer design for gene expression analysis