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밀 유전자원의 단백질 특성 분석 및 글루텐 단백질 조성 평가

이명희1, 최창현1, 김경훈1, 손재한2, 박진희1, 이고은1, 최준용1, 강천식1, 손지영1, 고종민1, 김경민1,*

Analysis of Protein Properties and Gluten Protein Composition Evaluation of Wheat Genetic Resources

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2022;54(4):245-259.
Published online: December 1, 2022

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 밀연구팀

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 중부작물과

1Wheat Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea

2Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, 16613, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding Author: (E-mail: raiders87@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5458, Fax: +82-63-238-5463)
• Received: August 4, 2022   • Revised: October 14, 2022   • Accepted: October 16, 2022

Copyright © 2022 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Assessment of Allele Composition of HMW-GS Glu-B1 Locus in Domestic Wheat Cultivars Using PCR-based Markers
    Myoung Hui Lee, Kyeong-Min Kim, Myoung-Goo Choi, Chon-Sik Kang, Mira Yoon, Ki-Chang Jang, Changhyun Choi
    Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2024; 56(3): 257.     CrossRef

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Analysis of Protein Properties and Gluten Protein Composition Evaluation of Wheat Genetic Resources
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(4):245-259.   Published online December 1, 2022
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Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(4):245-259.   Published online December 1, 2022
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Analysis of Protein Properties and Gluten Protein Composition Evaluation of Wheat Genetic Resources
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Distribution of 607 wheat genetic resources by country. S. Korea, South Korea; N. Korea, North Korea.
Fig. 2 Frequency distribution of 607 wheat genetic resources for protein content (A) and SDS-sedimentation volume (B) for two years. The Y-axis represents the number of varieties and the X-axis represents the range of protein contents (%) or SDS-sedimentation volume (mL). SDSS, SDS-sedimentation volume.
Fig. 3 PCR products obtained by using the specific primer about glutenin subunits. A, Ax2* (1:Olgreu, 2: Alchan, 3: Gobun, 4: Namhae, 5: Keumkang, 6: Seodun, 7: Saeol, 8: Jinpum); B, Bx7OE (1: Inia 66, 2: Fillmore, 3: Arkan, 4: Mt 8195, 5: Chisholm, 6: Colt, 7: Monreo, 8: Ks85wgr01); C, By8 (1: Suwon 209, 2: Suwon 211, 3: Suwon 213, 4: Suwon 219, 5: Suwon 225, 6: Suwon 229, 7: Suwon 230, 8: Suwon 233); D, By9 (1: Iksan 315, 2: Iksan 316, 3: Iksan 317, 4: Iksan 318, 5: Iksan 319, 6: Iksan 320, 7: Iksan 321, 8: Iksan 322); E, Dy10 (1: Iksan 341, 2: Iksan 342, 3: Iksan 343, 4: Iksan 344, 5: Iksan 345, 6: Iksan 346, 7: Iksan 352, 8: Iksan 353); F, Dy12 (1: Iksan 341, 2: Iksan 342, 3: Iksan 343, 4: Iksan 344, 5: Iksan 345, 6: Iksan 346, 7: Iksan 352, 8: Iksan 353); G, A3a (1 Ten-yuk 12, 2: Yuk-soung 3, 3: Sanshiul San, 4: Hezuolmil 2, 5: HTRI 4973, 6: HTRI 2912, 7: HTRI 4979, 8: HTRI 4985); H, A3d (1: Sonora, 2: Tinamcu, 3: Peikinshiro, 4: Fontana, 5: Genaro 81, 6: Prina, 7: Kakatsi, 8: Milan); I, A3f (1: Buchanan, 2: Eltan, 3: Kmor, 4: Ajantha, 5: NE 82438, 6: NE 82533, 7: NE 84557, 8: Sws-52); J, B3b (1: Jeokpijeok, 2: Chukoku 81, 3: Jasun 1, 4: Hongso 25, 5: Shinjoongjang, 6: Suchon, 7: Sotaek, 8: Chinese spring); K, B3c (1: HTRI 15476, 2: HTRI 7094, 3: HTRI 9472, 4: Seuseon 8, 5: Seuyuk 1, 6: Seuyuk 28, 7: Seuyuk 44, 8: Seuyuk 109); L, B3g (1: Iksan 375, 2: Iksan 376, 3: Iksan 377, 4: Iksan 378, 5: Iksan 380, 6: Iksan 381, 7: Iksan 382, 8: Iksan 385).
Fig. 4 Distribution of protein content and SDS-Sedimentation volume average in 607 wheat genetic resources for two years.
Analysis of Protein Properties and Gluten Protein Composition Evaluation of Wheat Genetic Resources

The information of functional markers to analyze for genetic polymorphism.

No. Locus Gene Primer name Forward primer (5'-3') Reverse primer (5'-3') Reference
1 GluA1 Ax2* Ax2* ATGACTAAGCGGTTGGTTCTT ACCTTGCTCCCCTTGTCTTT Ma et al. 2003
2 GluB1 Bx7OE MAR CCTCAGCATGCAAACATGCA CTGAAACCTTTGGCCAGTCA Butow et al. 2004
3 GluB1 By9 ZSBy8F5/R5 TTAGCGCTAAGTGCCGTCT TTGTCCTATTTGCTGCCCTT Lei et al. 2006
4 GluB1 By9 ZSBy9aF1/R3 TTCTCTGCATCAGTCAGGA AGAGAAGCTGTGTAATGCC Lei et al. 2006
5 GluD1 Dy10 UMN26 CGCAAGACAATATGAGCAAACT TTGCCTTTGTCCTGTGTGC Liu et al. 2008
6 GluD1 Dy12 UMN26 CGCAAGACAATATGAGCAAACT TTGCCTTTGTCCTGTGTGC Liu et al. 2008
7 GluA3 A3a GluA3a AAACAGAATTATTAAAGCCGG GGTTGTTGTTGTTGCAGCA Wang et al. 2010
8 GluA3 A3d GluA3d TTCAGATGCAGCCAAACAA TGGGGTTGGGAGACACATA Wang et al. 2010
9 GluA3 A3f GluA3f AAACAGAATTATTAAAGCCGG GCTGCTGCTGCTGTGTAAA Wang et al. 2010
10 GluB3 B3b GluB3b ATCAGGTGTAAAAGTGATAG TGCTACATCGACATATCCA Wang et al. 2009
11 GluB3 B3c GluB3c CAAATGTTGCAGCAGAGA CATATCCATCGACTAAACAAA Wang et al. 2009
12 GluB3 B3g GluB3g CCAAGAAATACTAGTTAACACTAGTC GTTGGGGTTGGGAAACA Wang et al. 2009

Protein content and SDS sedimentation volume by country of 607 wheat genetic resources over two years.

Country Protein content (%) SDS-Sedimentation (mL)
2016 2017 2016 2017
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Total 12.5 1.96 11.9 2.71 46.7 8.41 47 12.22
S. Korea 12.2a 2.13 12.7a 2.46 47.48a 9.03 51.66a 11.42
N. Korea 12.4a 1.76 11.8b 2.63 45.21b 7.13 46.02b 11.66
USA 12.8b 1.86 10.9c 2.77 46.93ab 8.13 41.92c 11.67
Mexico 12.8ab 1.87 12.3ab 2.35 45.39ab 8.02 46.87b 11.09
China 12.3ab 1.38 12.3abc 1.72 47.05ab 8.45 48.27ab 8.24
Japan 12.2ab 2.27 12.5ab 2.84 44.83ab 8.27 50.66ab 11.66
Mongolia 13.1ab 0.74 11.9abc 2.47 49.01ab 4.48 48.16abc 10.94

Protein content of 607 wheat genetic resources over two years.

cultivar 2016 2017 Average
(2016-2017)
SD
(2016-2017)
Mean (%) SD (%) Mean (%) SD (%)
HI-LINE 18.1 0.36 18.6 1.69 18.3 0.35
Iksan 354 8.9 0.65 6.2 0.64 7.6 1.91
TAM 108 15.8 0.89 5.9 0.21 10.9 8.91
NE 84557 11.2 0.40 11.2 0.4 11.2 0.00
Iksan 374 13.3 1.09 13.3 0.50 13.3 0.00
Average 12.5 1.96 11.9 2.71 12.2 1.86

SDS-sedimentation volume of 607 wheat genetic resources over two years.

cultivar 2016 2017 Average
(2016-2017)
SD
(2016-2017)
Mean (mL) SD (mL) Mean (mL) SD (mL)
HI-LINE 75.3 7.46 78.1 2.99 76.7 1.98
Kenya Heroe 38.41 1.66 21.7 2.33 30.1 11.81
NE 84557 41.8 3.02 44.8 0.43 43.3 2.12
Namhae Collection04 34.0 2.10 68.5 0.83 51.3 24.4
Iksan 374 54.0 4.15 54.0 0.69 54.0 0.00
Average 46.7 8.41 47.0 12.22 46.9 8.39

Glutenin marker ratio of 607 genetic resources.

Country (resources) Glu-A1 Glu-B1 Glu-D1 Glu-A3 Glu-B3
Ax2* Bx7OE By8 By9 Dy10 Dy12 a d f b c g
S. Korea (232) 71 0 130 15 88 143 10 59 4 17 2 22
N. Korea (89) 7 0 31 20 31 58 18 8 0 5 4 8
Japan (23) 5 1 11 0 5 17 0 9 1 2 0 4
USA (207) 108 6 57 5 102 101 6 11 21 54 0 44
Mexico (30) 8 0 15 0 13 17 1 10 3 3 0 3
China (14) 5 0 10 0 9 5 4 0 0 0 0 1
Mongolia (12) 4 0 0 3 7 4 0 2 4 0 0 4
(607) 208 7 254 43 255 345 39 99 33 81 6 86

Differences in protein and SDS-sedimentation depending on the polymorphisms of HMW-GS functional markers.

Gene Primer name Polymorphism Protein (%) SDS-Sedimentation (mL) Number of lines
Mean SD Mean SD
Ax2* Ax2* a 12.3 1.89 46.9 8.70 209
b 12.1 1.85 46.9 8.24 398
Bx7OE MAR a 12.0 2.32 45.5 7.59 7
b 12.2 1.86 47.0 8.41 600
By8 ZSBy8F5/R5 a 12.3 1.77 47.9 7.92 254
b 12.1 1.93 46.3 8.67 353
By9 ZSBy9aF1/R3 a 12.3 2.13 48.2 9.61 47
b 12.2 1.84 46.8 8.28 560
Dy10 UMN26 a 12.5 1.90 48.2 8.86 255
b 12.0 1.82 46.0 7.93 352
Dy12 UMN26 a 12.0 1.83 46.0 8.00 345
b 12.5 1.87 48.2 8.75 262

Correlation coefficients between the protein quality and molecular markers of wheat resources.

Ax2* Bx7OE By8 By9 Dy10 Dy12 A3a A3d A3f B3b B3c B3g Protein (%) SDSS (mL)
Ax2* 1.00
Bx7OE 0.05 1.00
By8 0.03 -0.09 1.00
By9 0.01 -0.01 -0.08 1.00
Dy10 0.18 0.03 0.05 0.00 1.00
Dy12 -0.18 -0.03 -0.03 0.01 -0.98* 1.00
A3a -0.07 -0.03 0.00 -0.02 -0.10 0.11 1.00
A3d -0.09 0.04 0.13 0.01 -0.01 0.02 -0.12 1.00
A3f 0.01 -0.03 -0.08 0.14 -0.07 0.06 -0.06 -0.11 1.00
B3b 0.04 0.00 0.07 -0.04 0.07 -0.06 -0.07 -0.09 0.12 1.00
B3c -0.07 -0.01 -0.05 -0.01 -0.09 0.09 -0.03 0.09 -0.02 -0.04 1.00
B3g -0.02 0.13 -0.13 0.02 0.06 -0.05 0.01 -0.09 -0.01 -0.16 -0.04 1.00
Protein (%) 0.03 -0.02 0.03 -0.02 0.13 -0.14 -0.07 -0.04 -0.07 -0.01 0.00 -0.09 1.00
SDSS (mL) 0.00 -0.03 0.09 -0.02 0.12 -0.13 -0.06 0.01 -0.07 -0.01 -0.02 -0.11 0.91* 1.00

Differences in protein content and SDS-sedimentation depending on the polymorphisms of LMW-GS functional markers.

Gene Primer name Polymorphism Protein (%) SDS-Sedimentation (mL) Number of lines
Mean SD Mean SD
A3a GluA3a a 11.7 1.81 45.2 6.96 40
b 12.2 1.87 47.1 8.48 567
A3d GluA3d a 12.0 1.84 47.2 8.14 99
b 12.2 1.87 46.9 8.45 508
A3f GluA3f a 11.6 2.02 44.4 8.64 33
b 12.2 1.85 47.1 8.36 574
B3b GluB3b a 12.2 1.98 46.7 8.09 81
b 12.2 1.85 47.0 8.45 526
B3c GluB3c a 12.1 2.05 45.1 11.18 6
b 12.2 1.87 46.9 8.37 601
B3g GluB3g a 11.8 1.86 44.8 8.35 86
b 12.3 1.86 47.3 8.36 521

Allelic combinations at three HMW-GS loci associated with protein and SDS-sedimentation properties among 607 wheat germplasm over two years.

No. Allelic combination Protein (%) SDS-Sedimentation (mL) Number of lines
Glu-A1 Glu-B1 Glu-D1 Mean SD Mean SD
AC 1 Ax2* Bx7OE Dy10 13.8 0.54 52.5 2.54 2
AC 2 Ax2* Bx7OE Dy12 10.6 2.05 41.9 8.77 2
AC 3 Ax2* By8 Dy10 13.0 1.77 50.5 8.47 60
AC 4 Ax2* By8 Dy12 12.2 1.87 48.2 8.38 32
AC 5 Ax2* By9 Dy10 13.3 1.02 49.8 5.09 3
AC 6 Ax2* By9 Dy12 11.1 1.44 44.2 5.43 3

Allelic combinations at two LMW-GS loci associated with protein and SDS-sedimentation properties among 607 wheat germplasm over two years.

No. Allelic combination Protein (%) SDS-Sedimentation (mL) Number of lines
Glu-A3 Glu-B3 Mean SD Mean SD
AC 1 a b 13.0 2.22 44.8 5.12 2
AC 2 a g 11.4 3.36 47.4 14.08 6
AC 3 d b 13.3 3.18 51.4 12.29 6
AC 4 d c 11.2 0.87 39.6 6.81 3
AC 5 d g 13.8 1.27 53.3 5.78 7
AC 6 f b 10.6 0.82 42.5 2.19 10
AC 7 f g 11.5 1.57 39.6 6.24 4
Table 1 The information of functional markers to analyze for genetic polymorphism.
Table 2 Protein content and SDS sedimentation volume by country of 607 wheat genetic resources over two years.

SD, standard deviation.

Different letters on the numbers indicate significant differences between each treatment.

Table 3 Protein content of 607 wheat genetic resources over two years.

SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 SDS-sedimentation volume of 607 wheat genetic resources over two years.

SD, standard deviation.

Table 5 Glutenin marker ratio of 607 genetic resources.
Table 6 Differences in protein and SDS-sedimentation depending on the polymorphisms of HMW-GS functional markers.

SD, standard deviation; a, amplified band in PCR reaction; b, indicate non-amplified band in PCR reaction.

Table 7 Correlation coefficients between the protein quality and molecular markers of wheat resources.

OE, over-expression; SDSS, SDS-Sedimentation volume; *, significance at p<0.05

Table 8 Differences in protein content and SDS-sedimentation depending on the polymorphisms of LMW-GS functional markers.

SD, standard deviation; a, amplified band in PCR reaction; b, non-amplified band in PCR reaction.

Table 9 Allelic combinations at three HMW-GS loci associated with protein and SDS-sedimentation properties among 607 wheat germplasm over two years.

AC, Allelic combination; SD, standard deviation.

Table 10 Allelic combinations at two LMW-GS loci associated with protein and SDS-sedimentation properties among 607 wheat germplasm over two years.

AC, Allelic combination; SD, standard deviation.