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산지시험 및 기후인자를 이용한 소나무 종자배포구역 설정

우영곤1,2, 이경미2, 강규석1,*

Delineation of Seed Transfer Zone for Pinus densiflora Using Provenance Tests and Climate Variables

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2023;55(3):187-194.
Published online: September 1, 2023

1서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 농림생물자원학부

2국립산림과학원 산림생명자원연구부 임목자원연구과

1Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

2Division of Forest Tree Improvement and Biotechnology, Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding Author (E-mail: kangks84@snu.ac.kr, Tel: +82-2-880-4753, Fax: +82-2-873-3560)
• Received: March 24, 2023   • Revised: May 30, 2023   • Accepted: June 28, 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Delineation and climate characterization of seed zones for native seed management in South Korea
    Yong Ho Lee, Young Ju Oh, Sun Hee Hong, Soo Hyun Choi, Ji Yeon Yoon, Ji Eun Kim, Kyeong Bae Nam, Weon-Tai Jeon, Chea Sun Na
    Environmental Biology Research.2025; 43(4): 487.     CrossRef

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Delineation of Seed Transfer Zone for Pinus densiflora Using Provenance Tests and Climate Variables
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(3):187-194.   Published online September 1, 2023
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Delineation of Seed Transfer Zone for Pinus densiflora Using Provenance Tests and Climate Variables
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(3):187-194.   Published online September 1, 2023
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Delineation of Seed Transfer Zone for Pinus densiflora Using Provenance Tests and Climate Variables
Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Locations of selected 36 provenances and 10 test sites of Pinus densiflora. Red-dots represent the seed sources and green-triangles indicate the location of provenance test sites.
Fig. 2 Grand mean of the height growth of 36 provenances of Pinus densiflora for all test sites.
Fig. 3 Sample transfer functions for Pinus densiflora provenances at two sites of (a) Gongju and (b) Jungsun. Orange and red dashed lines show critical seed transfer distances for maintaining growth above 95% and 97.5% of expected height of a local population respectively.
Fig. 4 Region expected to yield tree height greater than 95% (orange) and 97.5% (red) relative to the local seed source at Jungsun site (yellow star). (a): annual mean temperature, (b): maximum temperature of the warmest month, (c): overlay of two climate variables.
Fig. 5 Region expected to yield tree height greater than 95% (orange) and 97.5% (red) relative to the local seed source at Taean site (yellow star). (a): annual mean temperature, (b): temperature seasonality, (c): minimum temperature of the coldest month, (d): overlay of three climate variables.
Delineation of Seed Transfer Zone for Pinus densiflora Using Provenance Tests and Climate Variables

Geographical information of the 10 test sites and 36 provenances of Pinus densiflora.

Region Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) Altitude (m) Region Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) Altitude (m)
Test site Jungsun 37°27' 128°42' 380 Taean 36°28' 126°22' 20
Bonghwa 37°04' 128°49' 650 Kyungju 35°57' 129°05' 180
Hwasung 37°13' 126°56' 60 Naju 35°01' 126°50' 100
Chungju 36°53' 127°57' 160 Jinju 35°08' 128°18' 70
Gongju 36°37' 127°57' 190 Jeju 33°10' 126°40' 390
Provenance Inje 38°08' 128°12' 400 Sunsan 36°16' 128°20' 150
Hwachun 38°03' 127°49' 150 Taean 36°31' 126°21' 50
Hongchun 37°46' 128°25' 700 Chungyang 36°30' 126°50' 200
Jungsun 37°31' 128°52' 600 Wanju 35°55' 127°15' 150
Bongwha 37°01' 128°50' 500 Youngil 36°15' 129°21' 250
Yeonchun 38°01' 127°04' 100 Kyungju 35°45' 129°20' 100
Heungsung 37°32' 127°51' 300 Youngchun 36°02' 128°50' 200
Ichun 37°15' 127°20' 150 Koryung 35°45' 128°20' 150
Chunan 36°47' 127°20' 100 Milyang 35°30' 128°51' 150
Samchuk 37°15' 129°17' 100 Haman 35°15' 128°20' 150
Uljin-seo 36°58' 129°13' 500 Buan 35°42' 126°36' 100
Uljin-on 36°45' 129°20' 200 Hamyang 35°30' 127°49' 200
Youngwol 37°18' 128°19' 300 Jungju 35°30' 126°50' 100
Joongwon 37°02' 127°50' 150 Koksung 35°16' 127°19' 150
Munkyung 36°47' 128°18' 400 Naju 35°01' 126°50' 50
Boeun 36°31' 127°50' 250 Hadong 35°01' 127°52' 50
Jinan 35°45' 127°20' 300 Haenam 34°31' 126°31' 150
Andong 36°32' 128°50' 200 Seoguipo 33°20' 126°30' 1,250

Selected bioclimatic variables based on correlation analysis.

Variable Description Abbreviation
bio1 Annual mean temperature (℃) AMT
bio4 Temperature seasonality (℃) TSz
bio5 Maximum temperature of the warmest month (℃) MaxT
bio6 Minimum temperature of the coldest month (℃) MinT
bio15 Precipitation seasonality (%) PSy
bio17 Precipitation of driest quarter (mm) PDQ

Summary of critical seed transfer distances calculated using transfer functions.

Test site Climate variable N test sites N significant Mean R² Growth>95% of local Growth>97.5% of local
Mean cooler transfers Mean warmer transfers Mean cooler transfers Mean warmer transfers
Bongwha, Jungsun AMT 2 2 0.53 -3.86 2.42 -3.18 1.74
MaxT 2 2 0.48 -3.04 2.24 -2.37 1.57
Hwasung, Chungju, Gongju, Taean AMT 4 2 0.24 -0.97 2.96 -0.57 2.57
TS 4 2 0.20 -215.54 60.14 -190.59 35.20
MinT 4 2 0.26 -2.82 14.22 -1.57 12.97
Kyungju, Naju, Jinju, Jeju MaxT 4 4 0.20 -0.94 2.38 -0.72 2.16
PS 4 3 0.21 -9.46 36.84 -5.52 32.90
Table 1 Geographical information of the 10 test sites and 36 provenances of Pinus densiflora.
Table 2 Selected bioclimatic variables based on correlation analysis.

zTS=standard deviation of the average temperature for each month * 100.

yPS=coefficient of variation of the precipitation * 100.

Table 3 Summary of critical seed transfer distances calculated using transfer functions.