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New Cultivar Developed

생산성이 높은 빨간색 미니 파프리카 ‘라온레드’ 육성

안철근1, 김우일1, 오주열2, 박보경1,*, 윤혜숙1

Breeding a High-Yield Red Mini Paprika ‘Raon red’

Chul Geon An1, Woo Il Kim1, Ju Yeol Oh2, Bokyung Park1,*, Hae-Suk Yoon1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2023;55(4):415-419.
Published online: December 1, 2023

1경상남도농업기술원 원예연구과

2경상남도농업기술원 사과이용연구소

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: park4me@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-254-1414, Fax: +82--55-254-1419)
• Received: October 23, 2023   • Revised: November 27, 2023   • Accepted: November 27, 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • To improve farmers’ incomes by diversifying produce, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services developed a highly productive mini paprika, namely, ‘Raon red.’ Since 2007, various genetic resources have been collected and bred to obtain pure line separations for crossbreeding purposes. In 2012, a cross combination between an orange-colored female parent ‘MBO 008’ and a red-colored male parent ‘SBR 970’ was selected among the diverse crossings. The characteristics of the resultant F1, named ‘Raon red’ in 2014, were verified through field tests conducted from 2013 to 2014. ‘Raon red’ plants grew with a similar vigor to ‘RD Glory’ (control). The fruit of this variety weighed 56 g, twice that of the control; in addition, it had a stable shape with a bright red color. The soluble solids of the fruits averaged 10.2 °Bx and 1.6 °Bx lower than those of the control. Additionally, the fruit was 29% firmer than that of the control, and its pericarp was 29% thicker. The yield per 10a of ‘Raon red’ was 5,035 kg, twice that of the control. Overall, this new cultivar is expected to increase the income of mini paprika growers because of its high productivity (Registration No. 6375).
파프리카(Capsicum annuum L.)는 가지과(Solanaceae), 고추속(Capsicum), 고추종(annuum)에 속하는 식물로서 6개의 아종이 있다. 유럽에서는 모든 고추를 통칭하지만, 우리나라에서는 매운맛이 없는 bell type의 고추를 파프리카(단고추)라고 한다(Lee et al. 2011). 파프리카는 1990년대 기내식용으로 국내에서 재배가 시작되었고, 정부보조로 시설재배기반이 갖추어지면서(Kim & Chai 2016), 고부가가치 수출작물로서 점차 재배가 확대되었다(Song et al. 2009). 2006년 전국 재배면적이 335 ha였으나, 2015년에는 707 ha를 기록하며, 연평균 9% 내외의 성장을 이루었다. 생산량 또한 동기간 11% 내외의 성장세를 이어오며 2015년에는 72,950톤까지 증가하였다(MAFRA 2015a). 이와 같이 파프리카의 국내 재배 역사는 짧지만 현재는 시설원예작물 중에서 수출 주력 품목으로 자리를 잡았다(MAFRA 2015b). 도입 초기에는 거의 전량을 일본에 수출했으나(Choi et al. 2001), 차츰 국내시장에서도 유통되면서 건강을 중시하는 소비트렌드와 맞물려 파프리카 1인당 소비량은 2006년 0.28 kg에서 2015년에는 0.8 kg으로 늘었다(MAFRA 2015a).
그러나 최근에는 파프리카 수출과 국내 소비가 정체되었고, 수도 광열비, 인건비 상승 등 높은 경영비로 인해 규모가 작은 농가에서는 수익성이 낮아지고 있다(Park et al. 2009). 네덜란드의 경우 2010년 1.79 ha 정도였던 농가당 재배면적이 2011년에는 4.12 ha로 2배 이상 증가한 반면(Kim & Chai 2016), 국내에는 농가당 재배면적 증가가 미미하여 아직 1 ha 미만의 농가가 90%를 차지하고 있다(KOSIS 2023). 소규모 농가들은 시세에 따라 고추, 토마토 등으로 작목을 전환하는 경우도 있어 과채류 수급 불안정 요인이 되기도 한다. 한편 틈새시장을 겨냥한 다양한 크기와 모양의 파프리카가 해외 종묘회사로부터 도입되었는데(Sardare & Admane 2013, Shrestha et al. 2011), 2022년 경상남도농업기술원 자체 조사 결과에 따르면 과중 20~70 g의 미니 파프리카가 생식용으로 전국에서 35 ha 정도 재배되고 있었다. 그러나 해외에서 육성된 미니 파프리카 품종들은 국내에서 일반 블로키 파프리카의 2~3배 높은 종자가격을 형성하고 있고, 판매가격은 2.5배 정도 높으나 생산성은 일반 파프리카의 40%로 낮은 수준이다. 또한 소과 발생이 많아 비상품과 발생률이 높은 단점들로 인해 시장규모가 확대되지 못하고 있다. 국내 일부 종묘 업체에서도 미니 파프리카 육종을 해왔으나, 아직 보급은 미미한 상황이다. 경상남도농업기술원에서는 2000년대 후반부터 생식용 파프리카 시장 확대와 소규모 농가들의 재배에 적합한 국산 미니 파프리카 육종 연구를 수행해왔으며, 여러 우수 품종들을 육성하게 되었다. 그 중 ‘라온레드’에 대하여 본 논문에서 육성경위와 주요특성을 보고하고자 한다.
2007년부터 국내외 재배농가, 연구소 등을 통해 미니 파프리카 유전자원을 수집하였고, 이를 경상남도 진주 소재 파프리카 온실에서 세대진전시켜 우수계통들을 고정하였다. 이들 우수계통들을 활용하여 조합능력 검정을 통해, 2012년에 주황색 모본 ‘MBO 008’와 빨간색 부본 ‘SBR 970’ 계통의 교배조합을 선발하였다. 교배조합에서 얻어진 F1의 특성조사는 경상남도농업기술원 파프리카 온실에서 2013년과 2014년에 실시하였다. 대비 품종으로 EnzaZaden사에서 육성한 미니 파프리카 ‘RD Glory’를 동일한 장소에서 재배하여 비교하였다. 재배방법은 240공 암면 플러그에 파종하여 본엽이 2~4매 전개되면 코이어배지를 이용한 수경재배로 재배하였으며, 재배환경과 양수분 관리 등은 농촌진흥청 농업기술길잡이(RDA 2014)에 준하였다.
연구온실에는 품종별로 작기마다 반복당 10~30주씩 3반복을 두었고, 수확기에 식물체 생장과 과실 특성을 농촌진흥청 작물별 특성조사기준(RDA 1997)과 국립종자원의 신품종 출원 및 심사용 고추 특성조사요령을 참고하여 조사하였다. 초형, 과형, 과색, 엽색은 달관으로 조사하였고, 초장, 줄기직경, 주경장, 주당 측지수는 반복별로 전수를 측정하였다. 엽장, 엽폭, 엽록소값 측정은 3~10차 분지점 부위에서 반복당 10~20엽을 대상으로 하였다. 엽록소값은 휴대용엽록소측정기(SPAD-502, Konica Minolta, Japan)를 사용하여 수집하였다. 과실은 수확기에 3~10차 분지점 부위에서 반복당 10~20개씩 채취하여 평균과중을 구하고 과실 특성을 조사하였다. 과실의 종경과 횡경을 버니어캘리퍼스로 재었고, 과실을 횡으로 절단하여 태좌수를 세었다. 절단한 과실은 다시 일정 크기(0.5 cm×0.5 cm)로 자른 후 당도, 과육의 경도 및 두께를 조사하였다. 당도는 착즙액을 얻은 후 디지털당도계(PAL-1, Aatago, Japan)로 가용성고형물을 측정하였고, 경도는 물성분석기(COMPAC-100II, Sun Scientific Co., Japan), 색도는 과실 적도 부위를 색차계(CM-600d, Konica Minolta Sensing Inc., Japan)로 측정하였다. 2년간 ‘라온레드’와 대비 품종 ‘RD Glory’의 3반복 성적을 평균하여 나타내었다.
육성경위
2007년부터 국내외 재배농가, 연구소 등을 통해 미니 파프리카 유전자원들을 수집하였고, 경상남도 진주 소재 경남농업기술원 내 비닐 및 유리온실에서 세대진전 및 특성조사를 실시하였다. 1년에 2기작으로 1월과 7월에 파종, 6월과 12월에는 선발을 계속하며 우수계통들을 고정하였다. 2012년 2월까지 조합의 목적에 따라 모계는 과형을 비롯한 과실 특성의 안정적 발현과 착과력을 위주로 선발하였고, 부계는 초세가 강하면서 과실이 길쭉하고 착과가 안정된 계통을 F8세대까지 선발하면서 고정시켰다. 2012년에 조합능력이 기대되는 유망 계통 간에 조합을 작성하여 우수 모본과 부본 조합을 선발하였다(Fig. 1). 선발된 모본 ‘MBO 008’은 주황색의 블로키 모양으로 과형이 안정적으로 유지되었고 착과력이 우수하였다. 부본 ‘SBR 970’은 밝은 빨간색의 다소 길고 가는 과실 모양으로 착과력이 양호하였으며, 초세가 강하며 잎의 크기는 작으나 색이 짙은 편이었다. 이 교배조합은 2013년 채종시험 결과 임성 및 채종상의 문제가 없었으며, F1은 2013년과 2014년에 생산력 검정과 농가 실증시험에서 우수한 특성을 나타내어 2014년 ‘라온레드’라고 명명하여 최종 선발하였다. 이후 ‘라온레드’는 경상남도종자위원회 심의를 받아 2014년 12월 국립종자원에 출원하였으며, 재배심사를 거쳐 2016년 제6375호로 품종등록 되었다.
생육 특성
빨간색의 ‘라온레드’는 대비종 ‘RD Glory’와 비슷한 반직립형의 초형을 나타냈고, 과형도 미니 포인트 형으로 비슷하였다. 엽색은 연한 녹색으로 진한 녹색을 띄는 대비종과는 차이가 있었다(Table 1). 수확기의 초장은 ‘라온레드’가 대비종에 비해 23 cm 이상 작았으며, 줄기직경은 1.42 cm로 대비종보다 0.11 cm 컸다 (Table 2). 지제부에서 1차 분지점까지의 주경장은 대비종에 비해 약 5 cm가 짧았다. 반면 잎은 대비종에 비해 엽장은 5 cm, 엽폭은 1.7 cm 더 컸다. 주당 측지 발생수는 대비종과 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) 값은 ‘라온레드’가 대비종의 49.1보다 1.6 더 높아 질소 양분의 흡수가 더 많은 것(Costa et al. 2018)으로 여겨졌다. 수체 생육 성적을 종합하면, 대비종에 비해 ‘라온레드’는 초장은 작으나 초세가 비슷한 것으로 보였다.
과실 특성
‘라온레드’ 과실은 대비종보다 큰 것이 특징이었는데, 평균과중이 56.4 g으로 대비종의 2배였고 종경과 횡경도 각각 31%, 44% 컸다. 심실 수는 ‘라온레드’가 2.3개로 대비종의 2.0개보다 많았다. 미니 파프리카의 적정 과실 크기는 소비자 선호도에 따라 다를 수 있는데, 작으면 간식으로 먹기에 편하지만 수확 노동력이 많이 소요되는 단점이 있다. ‘라온레드’의 과실횡경이 4.9 cm인 점을 감안하면 어린이가 베어먹기에는 큰 편이지만 청소년이나 성인에게는 불편함이 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 수확 비용도 크기가 작은 수입 품종에 비해 줄일 수 있을 것으로 여겨졌다. ‘라온레드’의 당도는 10.2 °Brix로 대비종보다 1 °Brix 낮았지만, 일반 블로키 파프리카의 당도가 4~6 °Brix인 것을 감안하면 생과 간식용으로 감미가 충분하였다. 경도는 ‘라온레드’가 대비종에 비해 29% 높고 과육 두께도 29% 더 두꺼웠다. 이와 같이 경도가 높고 과육이 두꺼운 특성은 저장성을 높이므로 대비종보다 유통하기에 유리한 점이다. 과실의 적색도를 나타내는 Hunter a값은 대비종이 25.3인데 반해 ‘라온레드’는 20.4로 약간 낮았는데, 이는 과피가 다소 밝은 빨간색을 띄기 때문일 것이다(Table 3). ‘라온레드’는 대비종에 비해 과실의 빨간색이 약간 밝은 편이었고 길이 방향의 골이 더 뚜렷하고 선단이 약간 뭉뚝하였다(Fig. 2).
수량성
주당 상품과 생산 개수는 ‘라온레드’가 24.8개로 대비종에 비해 0.8개 적었으나 비슷한 수준이었다. 반면, 20 g 이하의 소과, 배꼽썩음과, 기형으로 인한 비상품과의 주당 개수는 ‘라온레드’가 대비종보다 0.4개 적었다. 10a당 수량은 ‘라온레드’가 5,035 kg으로 대비종의 2,581 kg에 비해 95% 증가하여 수량성이 월등히 높은 것으로 나타났다(Table 4). 이러한 수량 차이는 앞에서 언급한대로(Table 3) ‘라온레드’ 과실이 2배 정도 무거웠기 때문이다. 대개 수량이 많으면 초세가 떨어지지만(Lee & Cha 2009) 본 품종의 초세가 안정되게 유지되는 것(Table 2)은 큰 장점이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 ‘라온레드’의 높은 수량성은 국내 미니 파프리카 재배농가의 수량 감소 문제를 어느 정도 해소할 것으로 생각된다.
연구결과를 종합하면 ‘라온레드’의 과실은 ‘RD Glory’보다 과실은 크고 당도는 약간 낮지만, 간식용으로 상품화가 충분히 가능하였다. 또한 과실이 단단하여 유통에 유리하고 안정된 초세를 유지하면서 수량성이 높아 소규모 파프리카 농가의 단위면적당 소득을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.
재배상의 유의점
‘라온레드’은 착과성이 우수하므로 초세에 따른 착과절위 결정에 유의해야하는데, 초세가 강할 때는 3분지부터, 초세가 약할 때는 4분지부터 착과를 시작하는 것이 좋다. 또한 초기 착과 과실은 지나치게 비대하여 상품성이 낮아질 수 있으므로 초세가 강할 때는 3~4분지 위치에는 측지를 두어 1과씩 착과시킨다. 이후의 착과 절위에는 1개씩을 착과시키는 것이 기본이지만 초세가 강할 때는 Fig. 3과 같이 측지에도 착과시켜 착과를 늘림으로써 초세를 안정되게 할 필요가 있다.
국산 미니 파프리카 보급을 통한 소비 다변화와 농가소득 향상을 위해 경상남도농업기술원에서 수량성이 높은 생식용 빨간색 미니 파프리카 ‘라온레드’를 육성하였다. 2007년부터 다양한 유전자원들을 수집하여 세대진전을 시키면서 우수계통을 고정하였고, 2012년 주황색 모본 ‘MBO 008’과 빨간색 부본 ‘SBR 970’ 교배조합을 선발하였다. 이 조합의 F1은 2013년부터 2014년까지 특성 검정을 하였고 우수성을 확인하여 ‘라온레드’로 명명하였다. ‘라온레드’는 대비종 ‘RD Glory’에 비해 잎이 컸으나 전체적으로 초세는 비슷하였다. 과실 무게는 56 g으로 대비종보다 2배 무거웠으며 안정된 과형을 나타냈다. 당도는 10.2 °Brix로 대비종에 비해 1.6 °Brix로 낮았으나, 대비종보다 경도가 29% 높고 과육도 29% 두꺼웠다. 10a당 생산량은 5,035 kg으로 대비종보다 2배 가량 많아 높은 생산성을 나타냈다. 따라서 이 품종을 통해 미니 파프리카 종자 수입을 줄이고 농가소득향상에 기여할 것으로 기대되었다(품종등록번호: 제 6375호).
본 연구는 2012년부터 농림축산식품부 농림식품기술기획평가원(IPET)의 지원으로 Golden Seed Project (No. 213002-04-4-SBV01)를 통해 이루어졌음.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
kjbs-55-4-415-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Mini paprika ‘Raon red’ with 3 locules (left) and ‘RD Glory’ with 2 locules (right).
kjbs-55-4-415-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Fruit set in the first group of ‘Raon red’.
kjbs-55-4-415-f3.jpg
Table 1
Plant characteristics of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
Table 1
Cultivar Plant type Fruit shape Fruit color Leaf color
RD Glory Semi-erect Mini-point Red Deep green
Raon red Semi-erect Mini-point Red Pale green
Table 2
Plant characteristics of the developed cultivar in mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
Table 2
Cultivar Plant height (cm) Stem diameter (cm) Main stem length (cm) Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) No. of branches per plant SPAD value
RD Glory 215.1 1.31 35.4 23.4 12.6 23.2 49.1
Raon red 191.7 1.42 30.7 28.5 14.3 22.3 50.7
Table 3
Fruit characteristics of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
Table 3
Cultivar Mean fruit weight (g) Fruit length (cm) Fruit diameter (cm) No. of locules Soluble solids (°Brix) Fruit firmness (g/㎠) Pericarp thickness (mm) Hunter value
L a b
RD Glory 28.0 6.5 3.4 2.0 11.8 874 3.5 47.7 25.3 18.4
Raon red 56.4 8.5 4.9 2.3 10.2 1130 4.5 45.9 20.4 15.0
Table 4
Fruit set and yield of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
Table 4
Cultivar Marketable fruits (No./plant) Unmarketable fruits (No./plant) Yield (kg/10a)
Smaller than 20 g Blossom-end rot Diseased Malformed Total
RD Glory 25.6 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 1.9 2,581
Raon red 24.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.5 5,035
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Breeding a High-Yield Red Mini Paprika ‘Raon red’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(4):415-419.   Published online December 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.4.415
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Breeding a High-Yield Red Mini Paprika ‘Raon red’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(4):415-419.   Published online December 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.4.415
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Breeding a High-Yield Red Mini Paprika ‘Raon red’
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
Fig. 2 Mini paprika ‘Raon red’ with 3 locules (left) and ‘RD Glory’ with 2 locules (right).
Fig. 3 Fruit set in the first group of ‘Raon red’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Breeding a High-Yield Red Mini Paprika ‘Raon red’

Plant characteristics of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.

Cultivar Plant type Fruit shape Fruit color Leaf color
RD Glory Semi-erect Mini-point Red Deep green
Raon red Semi-erect Mini-point Red Pale green

Plant characteristics of the developed cultivar in mini paprika ‘Raon red’.

Cultivar Plant height (cm) Stem diameter (cm) Main stem length (cm) Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) No. of branches per plant SPAD value
RD Glory 215.1 1.31 35.4 23.4 12.6 23.2 49.1
Raon red 191.7 1.42 30.7 28.5 14.3 22.3 50.7

Fruit characteristics of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.

Cultivar Mean fruit weight (g) Fruit length (cm) Fruit diameter (cm) No. of locules Soluble solids (°Brix) Fruit firmness (g/㎠) Pericarp thickness (mm) Hunter value
L a b
RD Glory 28.0 6.5 3.4 2.0 11.8 874 3.5 47.7 25.3 18.4
Raon red 56.4 8.5 4.9 2.3 10.2 1130 4.5 45.9 20.4 15.0

Fruit set and yield of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.

Cultivar Marketable fruits (No./plant) Unmarketable fruits (No./plant) Yield (kg/10a)
Smaller than 20 g Blossom-end rot Diseased Malformed Total
RD Glory 25.6 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 1.9 2,581
Raon red 24.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.5 5,035
Table 1 Plant characteristics of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
Table 2 Plant characteristics of the developed cultivar in mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
Table 3 Fruit characteristics of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.
Table 4 Fruit set and yield of mini paprika ‘Raon red’.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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