Phytophthora root rot attributable to infection by the soil-borne oomycete Phytophthora sojae causes serious damage to susceptible soybeans grown in poorly drained soil. Management of this disease depends primarily on Rps (resistance to P. sojae) resistance genes. The
objective
of this study was to map resistance to two P. sojae isolates (40412 and 2457) in a Daepung×Socheong2 recombinant inbred line population. Of these two varieties, Socheong2 is resistant to the two isolates, whereas Daepung is susceptible. Single-marker analysis of variance and linkage analyses using a high-density genetic map identified different resistance loci for each isolate. A genomic region of 36.2~37.4 Mbp on chromosome 3 was identified as being associated with resistance to isolate 40412, explaining 18% of the phenotypic variance (PV), whereas, a 2.1~2.6-Mbp region on chromosome 18 was significantly associated with resistance to isolate 2457, accounting for approximately 26% of the PV. An additional region of 53.1~53.3 Mbp on chromosome 18 was also significantly associated with resistance to isolate 2457. All three loci coincide with genomic regions where an Rps gene or partial resistance have been mapped in previous studies. The respective locus showed significance for only one or the other of the isolates, indicating an isolate-specific interaction. From this finding, it can be inferred that isolates 40412 and 2457 are characterized by different avirulence genes, and that Socheong2 has at least two Rps genes that interact with each isolate. The finding of multiple Rps loci specific to an isolate within a single soybean genotype is a unique discovery. Socheong2 will accordingly be a useful genetic source for breeding resistance to multiple P. sojae isolates.

Crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum is one of several serious, widespread diseases that cause problems in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivation. In this study, we aimed to identify a strawberry resistant to P. cactorum through bioassay. A total of 104 wild and cultivated strawberry accessions, including ‘Sulhyang’ and ‘Akihime’, were inoculated with an isolate of P. cactorum, ‘PC151111’. A zoospore suspension was used with a density of approximately 10⁶ zoospores·mL^-1. Three strawberry seedlings were tested three times independently. The disease index was scored on a scale from 0–4 through symptom observation while the inoculated plants were incubated at 25±3°C under 16 h/8 h (light/dark) conditions for three weeks. The results showed that the mean disease index varied from 0.78–3.78, and the ‘Pechika’ and ‘Kaorino’ cultivars were highly resistant to P. cactorum, with mean disease indexes of 0.78 and 0.89, respectively. These cultivars will be useful resources in breeding strawberries resistant to crown rot.