Stripe rust (or yellow rust) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is the major wheat disease responsible for deteriorating global wheat yield and quality. Although stripe rust appears to be prevalent mainly in temperate areas, new races adapting to high temperature have recently appeared in warmer areas, such as Australia, the Middle East, and Africa, increasing the threat to global food security. Among the approximately 80 reported genes for stripe rust resistance, six (Yr5, Yr7, Yr15, Yr18, Yr36, Yr46) have been cloned. Stripe rust resistance genes are generally classified into race-specific (or all-stage) and non-race-specific (or high temperature adult plant) resistance genes. While resistance conferred by most race-specific genes are overcome by the appearance of new pathogen races within few years, non-race-specific genes, such as Yr18, Yr36, and Yr46, provide more durable resistance and are often stable for several decades. Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38 and Yr46/Lr67/Sr55/Pm46 are especially useful in breeding as they confer resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew as well as stripe rust. Unlike the extensive global research efforts, few studies have been conducted in Korea regarding breeding and genetics for stripe rust resistance. To prevent damage by stripe rust in advance, it is important to monitor the changes in major pathogen races in Korea, evaluate major wheat breeding lines and landraces for stripe rust resistance by establishing an efficient screening system, and introduce new germplasm with various resistance genes. Reinforcing wheat molecular genetics and genomics capacity is also important to enable identification of new stripe rust resistance genes and efficient transfer of the novel genes into elite wheat cultivars using molecular markers.