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종실용 옥수수 단교잡 신품종 ‘신황옥’

Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Grain, ‘Sinhwangok’

Beom-Young Son*, Seong-Bum Baek, Jung-Tae Kim, Jin-Seok Lee, Hwan-Hee Bae, Chang-Hwan Park, Min-Jung Seo, Jeom-Ho Lee
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2017;49(2):109-112.
Published online: May 31, 2017

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*Corresponding author : (sonby@korea.kr, +82-31-695-4039, +82-31-695-4029)
• Received: April 4, 2017   • Accepted: May 8, 2017

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  • ‘Sinhwangok’, a new maize F1 hybrid (Zea mays L.), is developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2015. The high-yielding hybrid, named ‘Sinhwangok’ was bred by crossing between two inbred lines, ‘KS178’ and ‘KS145’. It is a yellow dent maize hybrid. After advanced yield trial of ‘Sinhwangok’ in Suwon for two years, regional yield trial was subsequently carried out for evaluation of its growth and yield at three different locations from 2012 to 2015. The days to silking of ‘Sinhwangok’ are 74. The plant height of ‘Sinhwangok’ is 241cm, similar to ‘Jangdaok’, and its ear height ratio is 51%, similar with that of ‘Jangdaok’. It has resistance to lodging. The number of ear per 100 plants is 96. The ear length of ‘Sinhwangok’ is 17cm, shorter than that of ‘Jangdaok’. The weight of 100 seeds of ‘Sinhwangok’ is 34.1g, similar to that of ‘Jangdaok’. It has moderate resistance to southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis). It has moderate resistance to European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). The grain yield (8.9 ton/ha) of ‘Sinhwangok’ was 15% higher than that of ‘Jangdaok’. The seed production of ‘Sinhwangok’ was acceptable due to a good synchronization of flowering period during crossing between the seed parent, KS178, and the pollen parent, KS145, in Yeongwol and F1 seed yield was 2.3 ton/ha. ‘Sinhwangok’ would be a suitable cultivar to all plain area in Korea.
옥수수(Zea mays L.)는 세계적으로 식량과 사료로써 널리 이용되고 있다. 옥수수는 배유에 저장되어 있는 전분질, 단백질 및 기름의 함량이 적지 않고 특히 황색종은 비타민 A가 풍부하여 식품이나 공업원료용, 농후사료로서 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 최근 우리나라에서 이용되는 옥수수의 수입량은 1,000만 톤 내외인데 주로 미국, 브라질, 아르헨티나 등으로부터 수입하 고 있다(Statistics Korea 2016). 2015년의 통계자료를 보면 소, 돼지, 닭 등 가축의 배합사료용으로 이용된 것이 800만톤으로 옥수수 수입량의 대부분을 차지하고 있다(Statistics Korea 2016). 현재 사료용을 포함한 옥수수 곡물자급률은 0.8%에 불과 해 곡물자급률을 제고하기 위한 적극적인 정책수단과 노력이 필요한 것으로 보고 있다(Statistics Korea 2016). 우리나라 사료 곡물자급률을 높이기 위한 방안은 다수성 종실 사료용 옥수수를 육성하고 다수확 재배기술을 개발하여 옥수수 생산성을 높이는 것이다. 2000년에 ‘광평옥’(Moon et al. 2001)을 육성한 바 있으나, 이 품종은 단작 재배에 적합하나 숙기가 늦어 이탈리안라 이그라스, 호밀 등 동계조사료 수확 후작으로 재배하기가 곤란한 실정이다. 따라서 동계조사료 수확 후작으로 재배가 가능한 작부 체계용 옥수수 품종 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 이에 국립식량과학 원에서는 출사일수가 짧아 동계조사료 후작으로 재배 가능성이 높을 뿐 아니라 종실수량이 많은 신품종 단교잡종 ‘신황옥’을 개발하였기에 품종의 육성경위, 주요 생육특성 및 수량성 등을 보고하고자 한다.
본 연구는 조숙 다수성 종실용 옥수수 신품종 육성을 위해 2012~2015년까지 4년간 수원, 홍천, 대구 등 3지역에서 수행하였다.
고유특성조사 및 생산력 검정시험
출사일수는 파종기부터 출사기까지의 소요된 생육일수로 하 였다. 간장은 지면에서 웅수목까지의 길이를 측정하였고 착수고 는 지면으로부터 최상단 이삭이 달린 마디까지의 높이를 측정하 였다. 도복의 조사범위는 1∼9로 우수한 것을 1, 불량한 것을 9로 표시하였다. 깨씨무늬병(Southern leaf blight: Bipolaris maydis), 그을음무늬병(Northern leaf blight: Exserohilum turcicum)의 조사범위는 0∼9로 저항성은 0, 불량한 것을 9로 표시하였다. 깨씨무늬병은 인공접종하였고, 그을음무늬병은 자 연발생조건에서 조사하였다. 조명나방(Corn borer: Ostrina furnacalis)은 자연발생조건에서 조사하였다. 종실수량은 구당 4열 가운데 2줄의 이삭을 수확하여 산출하였다. 생산력검정 시험 은 2010~2011년 2년간 수원에서 수행하였다. 시험구는 난괴법3 반복으로 수행하였으며, 재식밀도는 60x30cm(55,000본/ha)로 하였고 대조품종은 장다옥으로 하였다. 파종은 수원에서 2010년 에는 4월22일, 2011년에는 4월21일에 하였다.
지역적응성 시험
지역적응성 시험은 2012~2015년까지 4년간 수원, 홍천, 대구 등 3지역에서 수행하였다. ‘신황옥’의 지역적응시험을 위해 종실 용 옥수수인 ‘장다옥’을 대비품종으로 선정하였으며, 이 품종은 2003년 육성된 단교잡종으로 이삭길이가 ‘수원19호’보다 길고 종실수량이 많다(Son et al. 2004). 시비량은 ha당 N-P2O5-K2O = 174-30-69㎏로 그 중 ha당 질소(N) 87kg, 인산(P2O5) 30kg, 칼리(K2O) 69kg을 기비로 파종 전에 시용하였고, 파종 후 본엽 7~8엽기에 질소(N) 87kg를 추비로 시용하였다. 퇴비는 ha당 15톤을 시용하였다. 파종은 2012년도 수원에서 4월 24일, 홍천 에서 5월 1일, 대구에서 4월 16일에 하였으며, 2013년 수원에서 4월 17일, 홍천에서 4월 30일, 대구에서 4월 12일에 하였고 2014년도 수원에서 4월 14일, 홍천에서 4월 25일, 대구에서 4월 14일에 하였다. 또한 2015년도 수원에서 4월 28일, 홍천에서 4월 30일, 대구에서 4월 15일에 파종 하였다. 재식밀도는 60×30cm(55,000본/ha)로 하였으며, 한 주에 2립씩 심어 3∼4 엽기에 한 주에 1개체만 남기고 솎아 주었다. 시험구는 난괴법 4반복으로 배치하였다. 통계처리는 SAS프로그램(V.9.1)의 PROC ANOVA procedure를 이용하여 최소유의차검정법 (Least Significant Difference Test, LSD)를 통해 평균값을 5% 유의수준에서 비교하였다.
육성경위
‘신황옥’의 교잡 모본인 KS178는 2002년부터 방임수분 교잡 종을 6세대에 걸쳐 자식(Selfing)시켜 계통으로 육성한 것이며 부본인 KS145는 1998년부터 혼형 계통을 3세대에 걸쳐 자식 (Selfing)시켜 계통으로 육성한 것이다. 신황옥은 2009년에 육성 된 자식계통 KS178을 종자친(모본)으로 하고 2001년에 육성된 자식계통 KS145를 화분친(부본)으로 하여 교잡된 단교잡종이 다. ‘신황옥’은 2010~2011년까지 2년 동안 수원에서 생산력검 정시험을 거쳐 2012~2015년까지 3년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2015 년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되어 ‘신황옥’으로 명명되 었다(Fig. 1).
Fig. 1
Breeding procedure of ‘Sinhwangok’.
KJBS-49-109_F1.gif
고유특성
‘신황옥’의 수염색은 자색인 반면 대비품종인 ‘장다옥’은 담녹 색이고 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다(Table 1). ‘신황 옥’의 출사일수는 74일로 ‘장다옥’보다 4일 빠르다. 간장은 241cm로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하며 또한 착수고율도 ‘장다옥’과 비슷 하다. 도복은 ‘장다옥’ 정도로 강한 것으로 나타났다. 100주당 이삭수가 많으며 이삭길이는 ‘장다옥’보다 짧았다. 100립중은 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다(Table 2). 깨씨무늬병은 중간정도의 저항 성이며 그을음무늬병에는 강한 저항성이었다(Table 3).
Table 1
Color of silk, seed coat and type of grain of ‘Sinhwangok’.
Table 1
Hybrid Color of silk Color of seed coat Type of grain
Sinhwangok Purple Yellow Dent
Jangdaok Light green Yellow Dent
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Sinhwangok’.
Table 2
Hybrid Days to silking (days) Plant height (cm) Ratio1) (%) Lodging (1~9) Ear per 100 plants (No.) Ear length (cm) 100 seeds weight (g)
Sinhwangok 74b 241a 51a 2.0a 96a 17b 34.1a
Jangdaok 78a 254a 49a 2.0a 91a 20a 30.9a

Ratio1): Ear height ratio = ear height/plant height×100

Table 3
Resistance to disease of ‘Sinhwangok’.
Table 3
Hybrid Disease resistance Corn borer (0~9)
Southern leaf blight (0~9) Northern leaf blight (0~9)
Sinhwangok MR (4.3a) R (0.7a) MR (7.9a)
Jangdaok MR (4.3a) R (0.7a) MR (7.5a)

R: Resistance, MR: Moderate Resistance

수량성
‘신황옥’(수원189호)의 생산력검정시험을 2010∼2011년에 수원에서 실시하였다. 생산력검정시험에서 ‘신황옥’의 종실수 량은 ha당 9.41톤으로 ‘장다옥’보다 많았다(Table 4).
Table 4
Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2010 to 2011 in Suwon, NICS.
Table 4
Hybrid Grain yield (ton/ha) Index (%)
2010 2011 Mean
Sinhwangok 11.36 7.46 9.41a 179
Jangdaok 8.75 1.75 5.25b 100
‘신황옥’의 지역적응시험을 2012~2015년까지 4년간 수원 등 3지역에서 수행하였다. 지역적응시험에서 ‘신황옥’의 종실수 량은 ha당 8.9톤이었다(Table 5).
Table 5
Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok’ in regional yield trial from 2012 to 2015.
Table 5
Location Sinhwangok (ton/ha) Jangdaok (ton/ha)
2012 2013 2014 2015 Mean 2012 2013 2014 2015 Mean
Suwon 7.55 4.35 9.86 7.85 7.40a 7.59 2.07 7.78 5.04 5.62a
Hongcheon 9.80 7.55 10.35 11.07 9.69a 9.09 4.73 8.75 10.61 8.30a
Daegu 7.54 10.85 10.87 9.21 9.62a 8.30 10.61 9.11 8.96 9.25a
Mean 8.30 7.58 10.36 9.38 8.90A 8.33 5.80 8.55 8.20 7.72A
(115) (100)
옥수수 1대잡종품종(F1품종)은 해마다 교잡하여 종자를 채종 해야 한다. 채종할 때 채종지역의 기상, 토양 등에 따라 지역간 모본과 부본의 개화반응이 다르게 나타나므로 최근 보급종을 생산하고 있는 강원도 영월지역에서 채종 안정성을 검토하였다. 2014년에 ‘신황옥’ 모본(KS178)과 부본(KS145)의 재식비율을 4∶1로 동시 파종하여 채종시험을 한 결과 모본의 출사기와 부본의 화분 비산기간이 일치하였고 착립장률은 93%였다. ‘신 황옥’의 채종수량은 ha당 2.3톤이었다(Table 6).
Table 6
F1 Seed production trial of ‘Sinhwangok’ at Yeongwol.
Table 6
Planting rate (♀:♂) Inbred Silking Silking date Pollen dispersal period Ear length (cm) Fertile kernels (%) F1 seed yield (ton/ha)
4 : 1 KS178 (♀) Aug. 5 - 12.9 93 2.3
KS145 (♂) - Aug. 2~8 - - -
재배상의 유의점
‘신황옥’은 전국에서 재배가 가능하지만 남부평야지의 검은 줄오갈병이 많이 발생되는 지역(Lee & Lee 1987, Lee et al. 1988)에서는 재배를 피하고, 4월 중순 및 하순경에 토양수분이 충분할 때 파종하며 검은줄오갈병 매개체인 애멸구 발생시기를 피하여야 한다.
‘신황옥’은 다수성 종실용 옥수수 품종 개발을 위하여 2009년 에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS178와 KS145 를 교잡하여 육성한 다수성 1대 잡종품종(F1품종)이다. ‘신황옥’ 의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다. 2010~2011년 생산력 검정시험을 거쳐 2012~2015년까지 4년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 우수성이 인정되어 2015년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되었고 ‘신황옥’으로 명명하였 다. ‘신황옥’의 출사일수는 74일이며 ‘장다옥’보다 4일 빠르다. 간장은 241cm로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하며 착수고율은 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. 도복은 ‘장다옥’ 정도로 강한 것으로 나타났다. 100주 당 이삭수가 많으며 이삭길이는 ‘장다옥’보다 짧다. 100립중은 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. 깨씨무늬병은 중간정도의 저항성이며 그 을음무늬병에는 강한 저항성이었다. 조명나방 저항성은 중 정도 를 보인다. ‘신황옥’의 종실수량은 ha당 8.9톤으로 ‘장다옥’보다 15% 더 많았다. 4∶1(모본:부본) 재식비율로 동시 파종하여 채종시험한 결과 모본 출사기와 부본 화분비산기간이 일치하였 으며 채종수량은 ha당 2.3톤이었다. ‘신황옥’은 전국적으로 재배 가 가능하다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ00636601)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임
  • 1. Lee SS, Lee JM. Productivity of silage corn hybrids in rice black-streaked dwarf virus prevalent region. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 1987. 7(3):140-145.
  • 2. Lee SS, Park KY, Park SU, Lee SS. Population of Laodelphax striatellus, percentage of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) viruliferous vector and RBSDV infection of maize in different locations. Korean Journal of Crop Science 1988. 33(1):74-80.
  • 3. Moon HG, Son BY, Cha SW, Jung TW, Lee YH, Seo JH, Min HK, Choi KJ, Huh CS, Kim SD. A new single cross hybrid for silage "Kwangpyeongok". Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2001. 33(4):350-351.
  • 4. Son BY, Moon HG, Jung TW, Park NK, Kim SK, Cha SW, Rye YH, Sung BR, Huh CS, Ryu SH. A new single cross maize hybrid cultivar, "Jangdaok" for grain and silage. Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2004. 36(3):185-186.
  • 5. Statistics Korea. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. http://lib.mafra.go.kr . 2016

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Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Grain, ‘Sinhwangok’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(2):109-112.   Published online June 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2017.49.2.109
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Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Grain, ‘Sinhwangok’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(2):109-112.   Published online June 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2017.49.2.109
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Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Grain, ‘Sinhwangok’
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Fig. 1 Breeding procedure of ‘Sinhwangok’.

Fig. 1

Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Grain, ‘Sinhwangok’

Color of silk, seed coat and type of grain of ‘Sinhwangok’.

Hybrid Color of silk Color of seed coat Type of grain
Sinhwangok Purple Yellow Dent
Jangdaok Light green Yellow Dent

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Sinhwangok’.

Hybrid Days to silking (days) Plant height (cm) Ratio1) (%) Lodging (1~9) Ear per 100 plants (No.) Ear length (cm) 100 seeds weight (g)
Sinhwangok 74b 241a 51a 2.0a 96a 17b 34.1a
Jangdaok 78a 254a 49a 2.0a 91a 20a 30.9a

Ratio1): Ear height ratio = ear height/plant height×100

Resistance to disease of ‘Sinhwangok’.

Hybrid Disease resistance Corn borer (0~9)
Southern leaf blight (0~9) Northern leaf blight (0~9)
Sinhwangok MR (4.3a) R (0.7a) MR (7.9a)
Jangdaok MR (4.3a) R (0.7a) MR (7.5a)

R: Resistance, MR: Moderate Resistance

Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2010 to 2011 in Suwon, NICS.

Hybrid Grain yield (ton/ha) Index (%)
2010 2011 Mean
Sinhwangok 11.36 7.46 9.41a 179
Jangdaok 8.75 1.75 5.25b 100

Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok’ in regional yield trial from 2012 to 2015.

Location Sinhwangok (ton/ha) Jangdaok (ton/ha)
2012 2013 2014 2015 Mean 2012 2013 2014 2015 Mean
Suwon 7.55 4.35 9.86 7.85 7.40a 7.59 2.07 7.78 5.04 5.62a
Hongcheon 9.80 7.55 10.35 11.07 9.69a 9.09 4.73 8.75 10.61 8.30a
Daegu 7.54 10.85 10.87 9.21 9.62a 8.30 10.61 9.11 8.96 9.25a
Mean 8.30 7.58 10.36 9.38 8.90A 8.33 5.80 8.55 8.20 7.72A
(115) (100)

F1 Seed production trial of ‘Sinhwangok’ at Yeongwol.

Planting rate (♀:♂) Inbred Silking Silking date Pollen dispersal period Ear length (cm) Fertile kernels (%) F1 seed yield (ton/ha)
4 : 1 KS178 (♀) Aug. 5 - 12.9 93 2.3
KS145 (♂) - Aug. 2~8 - - -
Table 1 Color of silk, seed coat and type of grain of ‘Sinhwangok’.
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Sinhwangok’.

Ratio1): Ear height ratio = ear height/plant height×100

Table 3 Resistance to disease of ‘Sinhwangok’.

R: Resistance, MR: Moderate Resistance

Table 4 Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2010 to 2011 in Suwon, NICS.
Table 5 Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok’ in regional yield trial from 2012 to 2015.
Table 6 F1 Seed production trial of ‘Sinhwangok’ at Yeongwol.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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