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자식을 통한 분화용 거베라 순계 양성 및 일대잡종의 성능

Development of Selfed-lines from Pot Gerbera Varieties and Performance of Hybrids

Cheon-Young Song1, Ja-Young Moon1, Eun-Kyung Song2, Dae-Geun Oh1,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2015;47(1):11-19.
Published online: February 28, 2015

1한국농수산대학,

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*Corresponding author (E-mail: daegeun@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-9071, Fax: +82-63-238-9039)
• Received: November 26, 2014   • Revised: March 3, 2015   • Accepted: March 6, 2015

© The Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • Forty lines of gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) were developed by self-pollination of 80 commercial pot varieties. The lines show wide variation in both qualitative characters (flower and disk color) and quantitative characters (flower diameter, peduncle length and days to flowering). The inbred lines showed varying degrees of inbreeding depression in peduncle length and flower diameter as much as 66-88% and 89%, respectively. As selfed generations were advanced, the quantitative characters of lines became uniform as measured by variance among 30 individual plants per generation. It is postulated that a few number of genes are controlling flower color since most lines of third or fourth selfed generation showed uniform color. Hybrids between developed lines of third selfed gereration showed considerable level of heterosis in flower diameter, peduncle length, and number of flowers, and considerably lower degree of heterosis in days to flower.
  • Keywords: Gerbera hybrida; Inbreeding depression; Hybrid vigor; Flower characters; Days to flower
거베라(Gerbera sp.)는 국화과(Compositae) 다년생 식물 로서 열대아시아, 아프리카, 남미에 30여 종이 분포하고 있다. 오늘날 다양한 품종이 개발되어 화단용이나 절화용으로 다양하 게 이용되고 있는데, 이는 1877년에 남아프리카에서 Gerbera jamesonii을 발견하여 역시 아프리카 원산인 G. viridifolia와 의 잡종인 G. hybrida을 육성하게 되어 다양한 화색과 화형 의 품종을 개발할 수 있었기 때문이다.
우리나라에서 거베라는 2013년 재배면적이 60 ha, 생산액 은 151억 원에 달하여 생산액으로 국화, 장미, 백합, 카네이션 에 이어 5대 화훼류(MAFRA 2014)의 하나에 속한다. 현재 유통되는 거베라 품종은 대부분 절화용으로서 꽃이 크고, 화 색과 화형이 다양하며 주로 축하용 대형 화환에 이용되고 있 다. 거베라를 이용하여 대형 화환을 장식할 때는 다양한 화색 의 품종이 쓰이고, 부케 또는 꽃꽂이용으로는 미니 거베라 품 종이, 그리고 관상용 분화용 품종도 소비량이 늘고 있어서 품 종의 개발요구가 크다(Park et al. 2013). 더구나 거베라는 소 비자의 기호가 매우 빠르게 변하기 때문에 소비자 수요를 충 족시키려면 보다 다양한 화형과 화색의 품종을 짧은 기간에 육성하는 것이 필요하다(Chung et al. 2008, Park et al. 2012). 거베라는 다년생 숙근초로서 육종은 품종간 교배의 후 대 분리집단에서 우량한 개체를 선발하는 방법을 이용하며, 선발된 개체를 영양번식 방법으로 증식하여 보급한다. 거베라 가 1980년대 초반에 국내에 도입될 때는 주로 네덜란드 등 유럽에서 육성된 품종이 도입되어 재배되었으나 현재는 우리 나라에서도 다양한 품종이 개발되고 있으며(Chung et al. 2013, Park et al. 2009, Park et al. 2013), 품종 개발 방향도 꽃의 크기가 큰 대륜 위주에서 벗어나 초세는 강하지만 꽃이 일시에 많이 피고 잎이 작은 분화용 거베라 품종도 개발되고 있다(Park 2007, Park et al. 2013).
일반적으로 거베라 품종은 분주나 삽아 번식법과 같은 영 양번식 방법을 이용하여왔으나 이러한 번식방법은 증식효율 이 낮고 토양전염성 병해의 감염이 수반되므로 조직배양을 통해 묘를 증식하여 재배에 이용한다(Chung et al. 2001, Nhut et al. 2007). 우리나라는 유럽의 육종회사에서 매년 70-80만 주의 조직배양 묘를 수입하고 있으며, 로열티의 지불 에 따른 생산농가의 부담과 가격의 변동이 우려 시 되어왔다.
거베라는 품종간 교잡으로 쉽게 품종을 육성할 수 있고, 화 기의 특성 상 일대잡종 종자 생산이 어려우므로 자식을 통한 계통의 육성이 이루어지지 않았다. 그러나 계획육종에 필요한 중요 형질의 유전정보를 얻기 위해서는 영양번식해 온 품종 을 여러 세대 자식하여 계통을 양성하고 그 계통간 교잡을 통 해 주요한 형질에 대한 유전현상을 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 순계를 얻게 되면 주요 육종모본의 검정친으로 활용할 수 있게 되어 육종모본의 능력을 조기에 검정할 수 있을 것으 로 판단된다. 한편, 육성된 계통 자체의 품질이 어느 정도의 품질을 갖고 있다면 고정종으로도 보급이 가능할 것이므로 산업적으로 대단히 유용할 것이다(Song & Song 2013). 따라 서 본 연구는 재배되고 있는 분화용 거베라 품종에서 순계를 양성하기 위해 자식한 후대의 특성을 자식 단계별로 원품종 과 비교하고, 자식 계통간 교잡으로 작성한 일대 잡종의 성능 을 평가하여 거베라 순계의 이용성을 알아보기 위해 실시되 었다.
재배되는 분화용 거베라 품종에서 순계를 양성하기 위하여 2009년에 상업용 거베라 품종을 수집하여, 매년 자식을 거듭 하여 세대를 진전시켰다(Table 1, Fig. 1, 2). 2014년에 네 차 례 자가 수정하여 세대 진전하여온 Ge-10-66(S4) 등 16계통 과 세 차례 자가 수정(S3)한 Ge-10-110(S3) 등 24계통에 대하 여 화색의 특성을 조사하였다(Table 4). 특성을 평가하기 위해 2013년 6월 18일에 각 계통을 피트모스 혼합 상토(Sunshine #4, SunGro Co., Canada)를 담은 10 cm 이색포트(DW-100) 에 파종하였고, 야간온도를 15 ± 2°C로 유지하였다. 정식은 8월 19일부터 18 cm 원형 플라스틱 화분에 하였으며, 정식 후 개화 전까지는 두상관수를 실시하였고, 개화가 시작 되는 11 월 말부터는 꽃과 종자를 보호하기 위하여 저면 관수를 하였다. 육묘 및 정식에 사용한 배양토에는 완효성 비료(Osmocote, Scotts Co., 15+11+13+2MgO+TE)를 0.2% 혼합하였다.
Table 1.
The progeny development process of Gerbera hybrida.
Table 1.
Collection and trials Selfing Selection of lines
2008-2009 2010-2013 2014
80 varieties including ‘Revolution Rose Shade’ 300 lines including Ge-10-1(S1) 40 lines including Ge-14-4(S4)
↓
120 lines including Ge-13-1(S3)
Table 4.
Flower characteristics of selected selfed-lines from Gerbera hybrida varieties.
Table 4.
Line Flower color Uniformity of flower color (%) Disk color Flower diam. (cm) Days to flowering from sowing Peduncle length (cm)
1 Ge-10-32(S4) NN155Cz (White) 100 green 7.5±0.6y 217 9.5±1.3
2 Ge-10-56(S4) NN155B (White) 99 green 6.8±0.3 196 14.5±1.4
3 Ge-10-58(S4) NN155A (White) 100 green 6.5±0.3 175 14.6±1.6
4 Ge-10-91(S4) NN155D (White) 98 yellow 7.8±0.1 221 11.0±0.5
5 Ge-10-73(S3) 155A (White) 99 red 7.1±0.8 215 13.6±0.9
6 Ge-10-110(S3) 155C (White) 98 green 7.0±0.9 226 8.0±0.2
7 Ge-10-85(S3) NN155D (White) 100 green 6.2±0.7 231 10.5±0.6
8 Ge-10-82(S3) NN155D (White) 100 green 8.3±0.6 225 18.7±0.8
9 Ge-10-36(S4) 5C (yellow) 100 green 6.0±0.7 215 11.0±1.0
10 Ge-10-93(S3) 3D (yellow) 96 green 6.5±0.7 216 10.5±3.1
11 Ge-10-39(S3) 10C (yellow) 100 green 6.3±0.4 222 9.0±2.1
12 Ge-10-138(S3) 6D (yellow) 99 yellow 5.7±0.4 227 7.5±0.6
13 Ge-10-4(S4) 7B (yellow) 100 green 7.0±0.4 165 7.5±0.7
14 Ge-10-22(S4) 8C (yellow) 100 green 7.0±0.3 207 13.0±0.6
15 Ge-10-90(S4) 4D (yellow) 96 green 6.7±0.8 227 13.5±0.8
16 Ge-10-26(S3) 8A (yellow) 95 green 6.5±0.4 195 10.0±0.9
17 Ge-10-128(S3) 6B (yellow) 100 green 7.2±0.3 176 12.8±1.3
18 Ge-10-75(S3) 14A (yellow orange) 95 red 1.5±0.6 217 16.0±0.3
19 Ge-10-33(S3) N25A (orange) 98 green 8.5±0.9 219 9.5±1.4
20 Ge-10-101(S4) 28A (orange) 100 red 6.0±1.0 186 4.2±1.7
21 Ge-10-67(S4) N30C (orange red) 96 red 7.0±0.4 176 7.0±1.9
22 Ge-10-18(S3) 49C (red) 90 red 7.7±1.1 200 11.5±2.0
23 Ge-10-49(S3) 36D (red) 91 red 7.5±0.8 186 10.5±1.2
24 Ge-10-21(S4) 49D (red) 100 yellow 8.1±0.6 176 18.6±1.2
25 Ge-10-59(S3) 36C (red) 91 red 10.0±0.7 231 14.0±2.3
26 Ge-10-107(S3) 56B (red) 93 green 8.5±0.6 196 14.8±1.9
27 Ge-10-97(S3) 39C (red) 99 red 10.2±0.9 193 8.2±1.3
28 Ge-10-51(S4) 53C (red) 100 yellow 6.6±0.9 169 14.5±2.9
29 Ge-10-16(S4) 54C (red) 98 red 6.7±1.4 161 10.7±0.9
30 Ge-10-53(S3) 51A (red) 97 green 8.7±0.4 209 19.0±0.8
31 Ge-10-54(S3) 46B (red) 96 green 9.5±0.8 220 17.5±2.8
32 Ge-10-134(S3) 45B (red) 96 green 8.3±0.1 231 13.5±2.1
33 Ge-10-145(S3) 43A (red) 97 green 8.1±0.8 231 12.8±1.9
34 Ge-10-66(S4) 46A (red) 100 red 7.3±1.1 220 11.0±2.6
35 Ge-10-46(S3) 45B (red) 96 red 7.3±0.5 231 8.2±1.5
36 Ge-10-129(S4) 46B (red) 95 green 6.0±0.5 199 9.2±0.8
37 Ge-10-52(S3) 53B (red) 98 red 6.5±1.6 172 12.8±3.1
38 Ge-10-112(S4) 58C (purple) 98 red 7.8±0.3 217 15.5±0.6
39 Ge-10-6(S3) 52A+NN155B (red+white) 92 green 7.8±0.6 207 13.0±1.8
40 Ge-10-119(S3) 38A+NN155A (red+white) 91 green 7.8±1.1 231 10.5±2.3

zMean ± SD of 10 plants

y1 green-yellow group, 2~13 yellow, 14~23 yellow-orange group, 24~29 orange group, 30~35 orange-red group, 36~56 red group, 57~74 red-purple (Royal Horticultural Society color chart)

Fig. 1.
Pedigree diagram of gerbera line Ge-10-21(S4).
KJBS-47-11_F1.gif
Fig. 2.
Pedigree diagram of gerbera line Ge-10-36(S4).
KJBS-47-11_F2.gif
교배는 개화 성기에 해당하는 2월 초에서 4월 말까지 중점 적으로 실시하였으며(Song et al. 2013), 흐리거나 비가 오는 날은 피하고 맑은 날 오전에 완전 개화하여 주두가 Y자 형을 보일 때 실시하였다. 교배 후에는 유산지 봉투를 씌워 오염을 방지하였고, 교배 후 약 20-30일 후에 완숙된 종자를 채종하 였다.
개화조사는 계통 별로 3개 이상의 꽃이 피었을 때(12월 말 부터) 하였으며 조사기준은 국립종자원의 거베라 특성조사 요령에 따라 실시하였다. 화색은 영국산 color chart (Royal Horticultural Society, Fifth Edition)를 이용하여, 1: greenyellow group, 2~13: yellow, 24~29: orange group, 30~ 35: orange red group, 36~56: red group, 57~74: red-purple group, 155: white group으로 구분하였다. 계통의 고정도를 측정하는 지표로 삼은 화색의 균일도는 계통 별로 100개의 개체를 조사하여 화색의 변이 정도를 조사하였다. 화심 색은 통상화가 1/3 정도 열개되었을 때 조사하였다. 화경은 만개된 꽃의 직경을 측정하였으며 개화소요일수는 파종일부터 개화 일까지의 일수를 계산하였고, 화경장은 꽃자루의 기부에서 꽃 받기까지의 길이를 측정하였다. 세대별로 50개체를 조사하여 측정치를 SPSS(ver 12.0) 통계프로그램을 이용하여 평균값과 표준편차를 산출하고 계통의 균일도를 알아보기 위하여 분산 분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였다.
분화용 거베라 ‘Revolution Rose Shade’를 비롯한 80점의 품종을 수집하여 2008년과 2009년에 특성을 평가하였다. 2010년부터 이들 품종을 자가수분하고 분리집단에서 생육 및 개화특성이 우수한 것을 선발하고 자식하여 세대를 진전시켰 다. 현재까지 약 40개 계통을 육성하였으며, 이 중 Ge-10-66 (S4) 등 16개 계통은 자식 4세대(S4)이고, Ge-10-110(S3) 등 24개 계통은 자식 3세대(S3)이다(Table 4). 원 품종이 유전적 으로 매우 잡박하여 형질의 고정이 쉽지 않을 것으로 생각했 으나, 화색과 같은 질적 형질과 화폭 등의 양적 형질에서도 자식 3, 4세대에서 균일하게 나타나 유전적인 고정이 상대적 으로 쉽게 되는 것으로 보였다(Table 2, 3). 자식 4세대 계통 인 Ge-10-21(S4)의 원 품종부터 각 자식세대의 형질변화를 보면, 화경장은 원품종이 16.5 cm를 보였으나 자식 1세대는 18.7 cm, 자식 2세대 16.2 cm, 자식 3세대 15.2 cm, 자식 4 세대는 14.6 cm를 보여 자식 3세대부터는 자식과 더불어 열 세를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 화경도 세대의 진전 과 더불어 자식열세의 현상을 나타내었다. 자식 1세대와 자식 2세대에 있어서 두 형질 모두에서 자식열세 현상이 뚜렷하지 않은 것은 자식 1세대 집단에서 원예적으로 우량한 개체를 선 발하였기 때문에 자식집단의 평균치보다 월등하게 큰 관측치 를 보인 것으로 판단되며, 그에 따라 자식열세는 자식 3세대 부터 현저하게 나타난 것으로 보인다. 자식 4세대에서 화경장 과 화경은 각각 원 품종에 비하여 88%와 89% 정도의 생육을 보였다. 한편 두 형질 모두에서 세대의 진전에 따라 분산치가 작아져서 전체적으로 유전적으로 고정되어감을 나타냈다. 화 색의 분리에 있어서는 세대의 진전에 따라 빠르게 균일도가 높아져서 자식 4세대에서 완전히 고정되어 화색의 유전에 관 여하는 유전자는 그리 많지 않을 것임을 추론하게 하였다. 이 와 같은 경향은 다른 자식 4세대 계통인 Ge-10-36(S4)의 원 품종 부터 각 자식세대에서 동일하게 나타내어 화경장과 화 경은 각각 원 품종에 비하여 66%와 89% 정도의 생육을 보였 고, 화색은 자식 4세대에서 완전 고정된 것으로 나타났다. 각 세대에서 나타나는 자식열세는 종자의 생산에도 어려움을 미치 는 것으로 나타나(Song & Song 2013), 실용적인 자식계통 양성은 자식 3-4세대까지 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단되었다. 이는 아티초크(artichoke) 영양계에서 자식계통을 양성할 때 나타나는 극심한 자식열세를 피하고 실용적인 자식계통을 얻 기 위해 시도되는 방법과 같다(Allard 1999). (Fig. 3).
Table 2.
Difference of flower color, diameter and peduncle length of gerbera line Ge-10-21(S4) and its preceding generations.
Table 2.
Generation Peduncle length (cm) Variance Flower diam. (cm) Variance Uniform of flower color (%)
‘Royal Pink Deep Dark Eye’ (F1) 16.5±1.2 1.36 8.5 ± 0.5 0.25 -
S1 18.7±5.4 29.33 8.9 ± 1.5 2.31 42
S2 16.2±3.9 14.91 8.3 ± 1.2 1.43 68
S3 15.2±2.0 4.00 7.9 ± 0.8 0.67 84
S4, Ge-10-21 14.6±1.2 1.35 7.6 ± 0.5 0.30 100
Fig. 3.
Flower color of selected selfed-lines from Gerbera hybrida varieties.
KJBS-47-11_F3.gif
이론 상 단인자일 때 세대 진전에 따른 동형접합체 비율은 F2 (S1)는 50%, F3 (S2)는 75%, F4 (S3)는 88%, F5 (S4)는 94%로서(Park et al. 2014), 거베라의 화색을 지배하는 유전 자의 수가 많지 않다면 자식 3세대에 화색이 거의 균일하게 나타날 것으로 예측된다. 본 실험에서 자식 1세대에서는 화색 의 변이가 크게 나타났지만 세대가 진전됨에 따라 화색의 균 일성이 커져서, 자식 4세대에서는 균일성이 100%로 나타나 면서 분리하지 않아 화색이 완전히 균일해졌다(Table 2, 3). 식물의 화색은 질적 형질로서 단인자가 관여하는 것으로 보 는 것이 일반적이다. 팬지의 화색 유전은 단인자가 작용하며 조합에 따라서 노란색이 완전우성 또는 불완전 우성으로 나 타나기도 하고(Song et al. 2002), 황색과 자색이 우성으로 나 타나기도 한다(Suzuki & Suzuki 1984). 페튜니아의 화관색 유전은 흰색, 적색, 분홍색 조합에서는 단인자의 불완전 우성 에 준하여 유전되고(Song et al. 2001), 페튜니아의 화색관련 기본 유전자가 같을 때(An-Ht1-Gf-) 각각 한 개씩의 화색 유 전자 차이로 자색과 흰색, 홍색과 적색 또는 흰색과 적색으로 나타날 수 있다고(Wiering & Vlaming 1984) 하였다. 다른 식물에 있어서도 화색에 관여하는 유전자는 단인자로 발표한 것이 있어, 시클라멘의 화색 유전은 불완전 우성인 단인자가 지배하며(Song & Oh 2010), 해바라기의 화색 유전은 보라색 이 노란색에 대하여 우성으로 작용하였고(Mosjidis 1982), Salpiglossis sinuata의 화색의 경우 적색×청색 조합의 F2 분 리는 적색 3: 청색 1 로 나타나 적색이 우성인 단인자로 확인 되었다(Conner & Erickson 1991). 이와 같이 화색 유전은 같 은 화종이라 할지라도 화색조합에 따라 그 우성 정도와 유전 자 작용이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있다. 거베라의 화색은 적색 > 황색 > 오렌지 > 분홍색 > 백색 순으로 우열 관계가 있고, 갈색이 녹색에 우성으로 작용한다고 하였다(Park et al. 2013).
Table 3.
Difference of flower color, diameter and peduncle length of gerbera line Ge-10-36(S4) and its preceding generations.
Table 3.
Generation Peduncle length (cm) Variance Flower diam. (cm) Variance Uniform of flower color (%)
‘Jagular Yellow Shade’ (F1) 16.6 ± 0.6 0.36 6.7 ± 0.4 0.16 -
S1 19.2 ± 4.6 21.01 7.7 ± 1.5 2.11 41
S2 17.9 ± 2.8 7.60 8.2 ± 1.1 1.61 68
S3 13.2 ± 1.9 4.36 6.4 ± 0.7 0.55 89
S4, Ge-10-36 11.0 ± 1.2 1.38 6.0 ± 0.5 0.28 100
분화용 거베라 품종에서 유래한 자식 3세대 계통간 교잡을 통해 얻은 일대잡종을 양친과 함께 재식하여 얻은 결과는 Table 5와 같다. 두 교배조합 모두에서 일대잡종은 양친에 비 하여 잡종강세를 나타내었으며, 잡종강세 정도는 교배조합과 형질에 따라 달랐다(Fig. 4, 5). Ge-13-68(S3) × Ge-13-131(S3) 조합에 있어서 개화소요일수만 약 10% 정도의 잡종강세를 보 였고, 화경, 화경장, 화수 등에 있어서는 각각 65.8%, 50.5%, 95%의 잡종강세를 나타냈다. Ge-13-23(S3) × Ge-13-54(S3) 조합에 있어서는 개화소요일수는 Ge-13-68(S3) × Ge-13-131(S3) 조합과 비슷한 정도의 잡종강세를 보였고, 화경, 화경장, 화수 등에 있어서는 30.9%, 17.6%, 32.8%의 잡종강세를 보여 낮 은 정도를 보였다.
Table 5.
Flowering characteristics of selfed-lines of pot gerbera and the hybrids.
Table 5.
Line and the hybrids Flower color Disk color Flower diam. (cm) Days to flowering Peduncle length (cm) No. of flowers /plant
Ge-13-68(S3) × Ge-13-131(S3) R 45C Green 9.7 ± 1.3z 162 13.7 ± 2.0 7.8 ± 0.6
Ge-13-68(S3) R 41B Green 5.7 ± 0.6x 176 9.0 ± 1.2 3.9 ± 0.7
Ge-13-131(S3) R 46B Green 6.0 ± 0.5 181 9.2 ± 1.6 4.1 ± 1.1
Heterosis (%) 65.8 9.2 50.5 95
Ge-13-23(S3) × Ge-13-54(S3) Y 9A Red+Green 8.9 ± 0.9z 164 16.7 ± 1.7 8.3 ± 0.6
Ge-13-23(S3) R 49D Yellow 7.6 ± 0.6x 178 15.2 ± 2.0 7.9 ± 2.7
Ge-13-54(S3) Y 5C Green 6.0 ± 0.7 183 13.2 ± 1.9 4.6 ± 1.1
Heterosis (%) 30.9 9.1 17.6 32.8

zMean ± SD of 10 plants

Fig. 4.
Flowering characteristics of selfed-lines of Ge-13-68(S3) and Ge-13-131(S3), and the hybrid.
KJBS-47-11_F4.gif
Fig. 5.
Flowering characteristics of selfed-lines of Ge-13-23(S3) and Ge-13-54(S3), and the hybrid.
KJBS-47-11_F5.gif
유전적으로 복잡한 구성을 갖는 장미의 육종방법으로서 양 적형질은 순환선발법을, 질적형질인 경우에는 자식(자식, 여교 잡, 형매교배)에 이은 계통선발이 효과적이라고 한 바(Acquaah 2012)와 같이, 거베라에 있어서도 자식을 통해 계통을 분리하 고 이를 이용하여 교잡을 실시하여 질적형질을 개량할 수 있 다면 육종목표를 조기에 달성할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 본 연구에서 나타난 바와 같이 거베라는 계통과 형질에 따라 잡 종강세가 9.1%에서 95%까지 나타나므로 자식과정에서 나타 나는 자식열세 현상을 극복할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 거베라와 같이 화색의 변화를 육종의 주요 목표로 하는 경우에는 예상 이 가능한 육종을 실시할 수 있기 때문에 매우 바람직할 것으 로 보인다. 화훼작물의 순계 간 교잡을 통하여 잡종강세를 이 용한 우수한 F1품종을 만든 예는 여러 작물에서 보고되었다 (Song 2005, Song & Bang 2001, Song et al. 2004).
본 연구에서 얻은, 상용품종의 자식 세대 분리집단과 각 계 통 등은 향후 형질의 유전연구, 분자표지의 개발이나 유전체 연구에도 이용이 가능할 것이며, 교배 양친의 조합능력 검정 용 친으로 쓸 수도 있을 것이므로 매우 활용성이 크다.
분화용 거베라 품종 80여 점을 자가 수분하여 40개의 자식 계통을 양성하였다. 자식 계통들은 화색과 화심색 등의 질적 형질과 화경, 화경장, 개화소요일수 등의 양적형질에서 다양 한 변이를 보였다. 자식계통은 원 품종에 비해 자식열세 현상 을 보였으며 화경장과 화경은 자식 4세대에서 원 품종에 비해 66-88%, 89%의 생육을 나타냈다. 자식 세대를 진전함에 따 라 30개체를 조사한 양적 형질의 분산이 적어져 특성이 고정 되는 것을 보였으며, 화색은 자식 3-4세대에서 대부분 고정되 어 화색에 관여하는 유전자는 많지 않을 것으로 추찰되었다. 자식 3세대 계통 간 교잡으로 얻은 일대잡종은 화경, 개화소 요일수, 화경장, 화수 등에서 잡종강세를 나타내었으며, 화경, 화경장, 화수에서는 비교적 높은 정도의 잡종강세를 보였으나 개화소요일수는 상대적으로 낮은 정도의 잡종강세를 보였다.
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Development of Selfed-lines from Pot Gerbera Varieties and Performance of Hybrids
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2015;47(1):11-19.   Published online March 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2015.47.1.011
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Development of Selfed-lines from Pot Gerbera Varieties and Performance of Hybrids
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2015;47(1):11-19.   Published online March 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2015.47.1.011
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Development of Selfed-lines from Pot Gerbera Varieties and Performance of Hybrids
Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1. Pedigree diagram of gerbera line Ge-10-21(S4).
Fig. 2. Pedigree diagram of gerbera line Ge-10-36(S4).
Fig. 3. Flower color of selected selfed-lines from Gerbera hybrida varieties.
Fig. 4. Flowering characteristics of selfed-lines of Ge-13-68(S3) and Ge-13-131(S3), and the hybrid.
Fig. 5. Flowering characteristics of selfed-lines of Ge-13-23(S3) and Ge-13-54(S3), and the hybrid.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Development of Selfed-lines from Pot Gerbera Varieties and Performance of Hybrids

The progeny development process of Gerbera hybrida.

Collection and trials Selfing Selection of lines
2008-2009 2010-2013 2014
80 varieties including ‘Revolution Rose Shade’ 300 lines including Ge-10-1(S1) 40 lines including Ge-14-4(S4)
↓
120 lines including Ge-13-1(S3)

Flower characteristics of selected selfed-lines from Gerbera hybrida varieties.

Line Flower color Uniformity of flower color (%) Disk color Flower diam. (cm) Days to flowering from sowing Peduncle length (cm)
1 Ge-10-32(S4) NN155Cz (White) 100 green 7.5±0.6y 217 9.5±1.3
2 Ge-10-56(S4) NN155B (White) 99 green 6.8±0.3 196 14.5±1.4
3 Ge-10-58(S4) NN155A (White) 100 green 6.5±0.3 175 14.6±1.6
4 Ge-10-91(S4) NN155D (White) 98 yellow 7.8±0.1 221 11.0±0.5
5 Ge-10-73(S3) 155A (White) 99 red 7.1±0.8 215 13.6±0.9
6 Ge-10-110(S3) 155C (White) 98 green 7.0±0.9 226 8.0±0.2
7 Ge-10-85(S3) NN155D (White) 100 green 6.2±0.7 231 10.5±0.6
8 Ge-10-82(S3) NN155D (White) 100 green 8.3±0.6 225 18.7±0.8
9 Ge-10-36(S4) 5C (yellow) 100 green 6.0±0.7 215 11.0±1.0
10 Ge-10-93(S3) 3D (yellow) 96 green 6.5±0.7 216 10.5±3.1
11 Ge-10-39(S3) 10C (yellow) 100 green 6.3±0.4 222 9.0±2.1
12 Ge-10-138(S3) 6D (yellow) 99 yellow 5.7±0.4 227 7.5±0.6
13 Ge-10-4(S4) 7B (yellow) 100 green 7.0±0.4 165 7.5±0.7
14 Ge-10-22(S4) 8C (yellow) 100 green 7.0±0.3 207 13.0±0.6
15 Ge-10-90(S4) 4D (yellow) 96 green 6.7±0.8 227 13.5±0.8
16 Ge-10-26(S3) 8A (yellow) 95 green 6.5±0.4 195 10.0±0.9
17 Ge-10-128(S3) 6B (yellow) 100 green 7.2±0.3 176 12.8±1.3
18 Ge-10-75(S3) 14A (yellow orange) 95 red 1.5±0.6 217 16.0±0.3
19 Ge-10-33(S3) N25A (orange) 98 green 8.5±0.9 219 9.5±1.4
20 Ge-10-101(S4) 28A (orange) 100 red 6.0±1.0 186 4.2±1.7
21 Ge-10-67(S4) N30C (orange red) 96 red 7.0±0.4 176 7.0±1.9
22 Ge-10-18(S3) 49C (red) 90 red 7.7±1.1 200 11.5±2.0
23 Ge-10-49(S3) 36D (red) 91 red 7.5±0.8 186 10.5±1.2
24 Ge-10-21(S4) 49D (red) 100 yellow 8.1±0.6 176 18.6±1.2
25 Ge-10-59(S3) 36C (red) 91 red 10.0±0.7 231 14.0±2.3
26 Ge-10-107(S3) 56B (red) 93 green 8.5±0.6 196 14.8±1.9
27 Ge-10-97(S3) 39C (red) 99 red 10.2±0.9 193 8.2±1.3
28 Ge-10-51(S4) 53C (red) 100 yellow 6.6±0.9 169 14.5±2.9
29 Ge-10-16(S4) 54C (red) 98 red 6.7±1.4 161 10.7±0.9
30 Ge-10-53(S3) 51A (red) 97 green 8.7±0.4 209 19.0±0.8
31 Ge-10-54(S3) 46B (red) 96 green 9.5±0.8 220 17.5±2.8
32 Ge-10-134(S3) 45B (red) 96 green 8.3±0.1 231 13.5±2.1
33 Ge-10-145(S3) 43A (red) 97 green 8.1±0.8 231 12.8±1.9
34 Ge-10-66(S4) 46A (red) 100 red 7.3±1.1 220 11.0±2.6
35 Ge-10-46(S3) 45B (red) 96 red 7.3±0.5 231 8.2±1.5
36 Ge-10-129(S4) 46B (red) 95 green 6.0±0.5 199 9.2±0.8
37 Ge-10-52(S3) 53B (red) 98 red 6.5±1.6 172 12.8±3.1
38 Ge-10-112(S4) 58C (purple) 98 red 7.8±0.3 217 15.5±0.6
39 Ge-10-6(S3) 52A+NN155B (red+white) 92 green 7.8±0.6 207 13.0±1.8
40 Ge-10-119(S3) 38A+NN155A (red+white) 91 green 7.8±1.1 231 10.5±2.3

Mean ± SD of 10 plants

1 green-yellow group, 2~13 yellow, 14~23 yellow-orange group, 24~29 orange group, 30~35 orange-red group, 36~56 red group, 57~74 red-purple (Royal Horticultural Society color chart)

Difference of flower color, diameter and peduncle length of gerbera line Ge-10-21(S4) and its preceding generations.

Generation Peduncle length (cm) Variance Flower diam. (cm) Variance Uniform of flower color (%)
‘Royal Pink Deep Dark Eye’ (F1) 16.5±1.2 1.36 8.5 ± 0.5 0.25 -
S1 18.7±5.4 29.33 8.9 ± 1.5 2.31 42
S2 16.2±3.9 14.91 8.3 ± 1.2 1.43 68
S3 15.2±2.0 4.00 7.9 ± 0.8 0.67 84
S4, Ge-10-21 14.6±1.2 1.35 7.6 ± 0.5 0.30 100

Difference of flower color, diameter and peduncle length of gerbera line Ge-10-36(S4) and its preceding generations.

Generation Peduncle length (cm) Variance Flower diam. (cm) Variance Uniform of flower color (%)
‘Jagular Yellow Shade’ (F1) 16.6 ± 0.6 0.36 6.7 ± 0.4 0.16 -
S1 19.2 ± 4.6 21.01 7.7 ± 1.5 2.11 41
S2 17.9 ± 2.8 7.60 8.2 ± 1.1 1.61 68
S3 13.2 ± 1.9 4.36 6.4 ± 0.7 0.55 89
S4, Ge-10-36 11.0 ± 1.2 1.38 6.0 ± 0.5 0.28 100

Flowering characteristics of selfed-lines of pot gerbera and the hybrids.

Line and the hybrids Flower color Disk color Flower diam. (cm) Days to flowering Peduncle length (cm) No. of flowers /plant
Ge-13-68(S3) × Ge-13-131(S3) R 45C Green 9.7 ± 1.3z 162 13.7 ± 2.0 7.8 ± 0.6
Ge-13-68(S3) R 41B Green 5.7 ± 0.6x 176 9.0 ± 1.2 3.9 ± 0.7
Ge-13-131(S3) R 46B Green 6.0 ± 0.5 181 9.2 ± 1.6 4.1 ± 1.1
Heterosis (%) 65.8 9.2 50.5 95
Ge-13-23(S3) × Ge-13-54(S3) Y 9A Red+Green 8.9 ± 0.9z 164 16.7 ± 1.7 8.3 ± 0.6
Ge-13-23(S3) R 49D Yellow 7.6 ± 0.6x 178 15.2 ± 2.0 7.9 ± 2.7
Ge-13-54(S3) Y 5C Green 6.0 ± 0.7 183 13.2 ± 1.9 4.6 ± 1.1
Heterosis (%) 30.9 9.1 17.6 32.8

Mean ± SD of 10 plants

Table 1. The progeny development process of Gerbera hybrida.
Table 4. Flower characteristics of selected selfed-lines from Gerbera hybrida varieties.

Mean ± SD of 10 plants

1 green-yellow group, 2~13 yellow, 14~23 yellow-orange group, 24~29 orange group, 30~35 orange-red group, 36~56 red group, 57~74 red-purple (Royal Horticultural Society color chart)

Table 2. Difference of flower color, diameter and peduncle length of gerbera line Ge-10-21(S4) and its preceding generations.
Table 3. Difference of flower color, diameter and peduncle length of gerbera line Ge-10-36(S4) and its preceding generations.
Table 5. Flowering characteristics of selfed-lines of pot gerbera and the hybrids.

Mean ± SD of 10 plants

Table 1.

Table 4.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 5.

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