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국내 밀 육종 프로그램의 믹소랩 이용 품질 평가

Utilization of Mixolab for quality evaluation in Korean wheat breeding programs

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2017;49(1):10-22.
Published online: February 28, 2017

1 전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 작물생명과학과

1 Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea

2 국립식량과학원

2 National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Korea

3 사조 동아원㈜ 중앙연구소

3 R&D Center, Sajo DongaOne Co., Ltd, Dangjin, 31703, Korea

*Corresponding Author: (pcs89@jbnu.ac.kr), +82-63-270-2533, +82-63-270-2640
• Received: February 4, 2017   • Accepted: February 8, 2017

© Korean Society of Breeding Science. All rights reserved.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Utilization of Mixolab for quality evaluation in Korean wheat breeding programs
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(1):10-22.   Published online March 1, 2017
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Utilization of Mixolab for quality evaluation in Korean wheat breeding programs
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Fig. 1 Typical Mixolab curve. Annotated Mixolab output. C1, maximum consistency during 30°C period; stability, time during which torque is greater than C1 – 11%; C2, minimum torque value obtained during the heating period; C3, maximum torque during 90°C period; C4, minimum torque during the 90°C period; C5, torque at end of test; α, curve slope between the end of 30°C period and C2; β, curve slope between C2 and C3; γ, curve slope between C3 and C4; and δ, curve slope between C4 and C5 (Dubat 2010).
Fig. 2 Mixolab curves of Korean wheat cultivars (A, Keumkang and Uri), imported wheat flours (B, Soft white, Hard Red winter and Australian standard white) and commercial wheat flours(C).
Utilization of Mixolab for quality evaluation in Korean wheat breeding programs

Protein and amylose content, mixograph parameters and pasting properties of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

Flour PROa (%) AMYb (%) Mixographc Amylographd


Abs (%) Time (min) Tol (mm) PV (BU) HS (BU) FV (BU) BD (BU) SB (BU)

Korean wheat cultivars
Alchan 11.62 26.18 57.00 5.13 34.67 327.50 214.50 514.50 113.00 300.00
Baekjoong 11.66 26.84 65.00 2.40 15.00 306.50 203.00 473.00 103.50 270.00
Chunggye 11.78 26.93 58.00 3.12 16.00 324.50 208.50 535.50 116.00 327.00
Dahong 11.60 26.45 62.67 2.30 9.67 287.00 207.67 488.67 79.33 281.00
Eunpa 12.39 27.51 62.00 3.47 19.00 387.33 232.33 557.67 155.00 325.33
Geuru 12.11 26.39 62.67 1.50 8.00 315.50 215.00 501.00 100.50 286.00
Gobun 12.08 25.94 60.67 4.33 27.33 337.00 197.50 470.00 139.50 272.50
Goso 10.79 28.86 62.00 2.08 11.33 280.00 221.00 550.50 59.00 329.50
Hojoong 11.60 24.77 61.00 3.33 18.00 410.00 258.00 636.50 152.00 378.50
Joa 11.28 27.98 60.00 2.17 6.00 284.33 231.00 582.67 53.33 351.67
Jokyung 11.91 27.53 65.00 4.37 25.33 269.00 188.00 411.00 81.00 223.00
Keumkang 12.14 24.74 63.00 3.37 21.67 337.50 216.50 489.50 121.00 273.00
Ol 12.68 25.92 60.00 2.33 9.67 337.50 250.00 588.50 87.50 338.50
Olgeuru 11.33 27.61 61.00 2.50 14.67 281.50 200.50 478.00 81.00 277.50
Seodun 12.15 25.49 59.67 3.57 20.00 302.00 231.50 560.50 70.50 329.00
Suan 11.57 27.10 61.00 2.13 19.00 321.50 209.00 493.50 112.50 284.50
Tapdong 12.02 27.49 60.67 6.13 26.67 344.50 217.50 510.00 127.00 292.50
Uri 11.60 27.96 56.00 3.37 25.00 278.50 217.00 505.50 61.50 288.50
Younbaek 11.20 28.04 61.00 4.73 11.67 285.00 191.50 461.50 93.50 270.00

Imported wheat flourse
AH 12.68 25.36 63.00 3.90 8.00 398.50 288.50 668.00 110.00 379.50
ASW 10.00 26.63 59.00 4.90 7.50 429.00 292.00 704.00 137.00 412.00
SW 9.56 29.57 58.00 4.20 7.00 253.50 212.50 498.00 41.00 285.50
DNS 14.42 27.91 66.00 5.23 13.00 360.50 269.00 613.50 91.50 344.50
HRW 12.70 28.06 63.00 5.60 18.00 306.00 250.00 545.00 56.00 295.00
CWRS 14.07 27.27 66.00 4.25 10.67 432.50 253.50 572.50 179.00 319.00

Commercial wheat floursf
Bread 14.15 25.23 65.22 4.41 19.33 317.67 243.83 569.17 73.83 325.33
Noodles 10.67 27.28 62.33 5.01 14.89 274.33 225.17 534.00 49.17 308.83
Cookies 9.05 28.64 59.33 3.91 8.11 240.17 207.50 481.83 32.67 274.33
LSDg 0.26 1.40 1.49 0.48 2.99 19.68 10.42 31.20 19.28 29.21

aPRO = protein content.

bAMY = amylose content.

cAbs = water absorption; Time = mixing time; Tol = mixing tolerance at 7 min.

dPV = peak viscosity; HS = holding strength; FV = final viscosity; BD = breakdown; SB = setback.

eAH = Australian hard; ASW = Australian standard white; SW = soft white; DNS = dark northern spring; HRW = hard red winter; CWRS = Canadian western red spring.

fBread = commercial flours for bread baking; Noodles = commercial flours for noodle making; Cookies = commercial flours for cookie baking.

g*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

End-use quality of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

Flour Bread Loaf Volume (ml) Texture of Cooked Noodles Cookie Diameter (mm)

Hardness (N) Springiness (Ratio) Cohesiveness (Ratio)

Korean wheat cultivars
Alchan 675.00 3.67 0.92 0.67 85.63
Baekjoong 816.67 4.75 0.95 0.65 79.56
Chunggye 641.67 3.91 0.94 0.65 88.76
Dahong 650.00 3.47 0.91 0.65 88.58
Eunpa 725.00 4.45 0.95 0.67 78.99
Geuru 625.00 4.61 0.92 0.64 82.23
Gobun 633.33 4.34 0.92 0.66 81.94
Goso 680.00 4.37 0.93 0.66 85.70
Hojoong 708.33 3.84 0.92 0.67 85.62
Joa 625.00 4.34 0.94 0.67 92.71
Jokyung 875.00 4.76 0.94 0.65 83.81
Keumkang 941.67 4.24 0.93 0.64 80.75
Ol 600.00 4.16 0.91 0.64 86.50
Olgeuru 650.00 3.56 0.92 0.64 83.94
Seodun 583.33 4.66 0.93 0.64 83.73
Suan 725.00 5.38 0.95 0.66 81.56
Tapdong 800.00 3.88 0.92 0.65 82.33
Uri 750.00 4.59 0.93 0.67 89.91
Younbaek 716.67 5.18 0.93 0.62 88.13

Imported wheat floursa
AH 758.33 3.63 0.95 0.65 75.10
ASW 700.00 5.33 0.95 0.67 76.46
SW 662.50 3.54 0.95 0.62 96.49
DNS 916.67 5.65 0.94 0.64 70.78
HRW 833.33 4.45 0.95 0.65 80.56
CWRS 866.67 5.12 0.95 0.65 68.40

Commercial wheat floursb
Bread 941.67 5.55 0.93 0.64 75.56
Noodles 821.67 4.65 0.94 0.64 79.95
Cookies 720.00 3.99 0.93 0.64 91.29
LSDc 23.19 0.16 0.01 0.01 1.03

aAH = Australian hard; ASW = Australian standard white; SW = soft white; DNS = dark northern spring; HRW = hard red winter; CWRS = Canadian western red spring.

bBread = commercial flours for bread baking; Noodles = commercial flours for noodle making; Cookies = commercial flours for cookie baking.

c*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Mixolab parameters of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

Flour Mixolab Parametersa

Primary parameters Secondary parameters (Nm/min)


WA (%) DDT (min) STB (min) C2 (Nm) C3 (Nm) C4 (Nm) C5 (Nm) α β γ δ

Korean wheat cultivars
Alchan 52.60 0.95 4.02 0.48 2.16 1.85 2.74 0.47 1.68 -0.31 0.89
Baekjoong 51.00 0.80 4.15 0.38 2.28 2.15 3.54 0.76 1.90 -0.13 1.39
Chunggye 52.70 1.27 6.68 0.33 2.14 1.76 2.75 0.95 1.82 -0.38 0.99
Dahong 53.00 2.34 4.78 0.36 2.13 1.88 2.77 1.99 1.78 -0.26 0.89
Eunpa 56.80 1.32 8.31 0.46 2.01 1.54 2.84 1.67 1.56 -0.47 1.30
Geuru 60.60 1.72 3.45 0.32 1.60 1.27 2.53 1.40 1.28 -0.33 1.27
Gobun 56.20 0.99 6.12 0.45 2.06 1.63 2.77 0.54 1.61 -0.43 1.14
Goso 50.00 2.99 6.11 0.41 2.26 2.16 3.47 0.76 1.86 -0.11 1.32
Hojoong 50.20 1.74 6.52 0.43 2.22 1.83 2.96 0.73 1.80 -0.39 1.13
Joa 50.20 2.67 5.63 0.37 2.47 2.32 3.83 0.71 2.10 -0.15 1.51
Jokyung 57.60 0.95 10.06 0.43 1.96 1.91 3.05 0.63 1.53 -0.05 1.14
Keumkang 53.00 3.98 10.50 0.49 2.17 1.99 3.15 0.55 1.68 -0.18 1.16
Ol 54.00 1.71 3.91 0.37 2.02 1.62 2.71 1.35 1.65 -0.40 1.10
Olgeuru 54.40 1.31 4.52 0.39 2.12 1.71 2.59 0.92 1.73 -0.41 0.88
Seodun 58.40 1.18 5.73 0.45 2.08 1.59 2.93 0.73 1.63 -0.49 1.34
Suan 53.00 3.76 6.93 0.45 2.13 1.92 3.04 0.70 1.68 -0.21 1.12
Tapdong 58.00 1.13 6.90 0.45 2.05 1.69 2.68 0.68 1.60 -0.36 0.99
Uri 50.00 1.18 3.82 0.39 2.39 2.15 3.01 0.66 2.01 -0.24 0.86
Younbaek 53.00 1.22 8.01 0.44 1.73 1.87 3.07 0.64 1.30 0.14 1.20

Imported wheat floursb
AH 61.50 4.60 2.67 0.31 2.06 1.93 2.78 4.29 1.75 -0.13 0.85
ASW 59.00 3.39 2.73 0.33 2.23 2.09 3.04 3.06 1.90 -0.14 0.95
SW 51.00 2.59 3.23 0.34 3.17 3.13 4.30 2.25 2.82 -0.03 0.07
DNS 63.00 4.80 3.37 0.37 1.80 1.96 2.95 4.43 1.42 0.17 0.81
HRW 61.00 5.04 5.48 0.42 2.09 2.03 3.44 4.62 1.67 -0.06 1.40
CWRS 59.10 9.06 7.93 0.55 2.99 1.94 2.96 0.57 2.44 -1.05 1.02

Commercial wheat floursc
Bread 63.00 6.22 11.06 0.65 1.73 1.68 2.62 0.49 1.08 -0.05 0.94
Noodles 57.50 6.08 10.22 0.66 2.09 2.02 3.41 0.47 1.43 -0.07 1.39
Cookies 51.00 2.06 7.40 0.46 2.38 2.17 3.88 0.64 1.92 -0.20 1.70
LSDd 0.00 0.48 0.85 0.03 0.32 0.32 0.12 0.10 0.31 0.03 0.07

aWA = water absorption, the amount of water required in dough development; DDT = dough development time; STB = stability, time of dough stability at constant temperature; C2 = protein strength; C3 = starch gelatinization; C4 = starch gel stability; C5 = starch retrogradation in the cooling phase; α = protein network weakening rang; β = starch gelatinization rang; γ = cooking stability range; δ = cooling setback rang.

bAH = Australian hard; ASW = Australian standard white; SW = soft white; DNS = dark northern spring; HRW = hard red winter; CWRS = Canadian western red spring.

cBread = commercial flours for bread baking; Noodles = commercial flours for noodle making; Cookies = commercial flours for cookie baking.

d*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Coefficients correlations between Mixolab parameters and mixograph parameters of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

Parameters Proteina Mixographa

Water Absorption Mixing Time Mixing Tolerance

Mixolab
Water Absorption 0.627*** 0.548** 0.457* 0.005
Dough Development Time 0.418* 0.535** 0.251 -0.291
Dough Stability 0.135 0.350 0.188 0.299
Protein Strength 0.214 0.286 0.367 0.375*
Starch Gelatinization -0.342 -0.254 -0.018 -0.224
Starch Gel Stability -0.497** -0.209 0.111 -0.307
Starch Retrogradation -0.577** -0.133 0.018 -0.370
Protein Network Weakening Range 0.219 0.208 0.273 -0.351
Starch Gelatinization Range -0.383* -0.318 -0.115 -0.307
Cooking Stability Range -0.358 0.057 0.189 -0.124
Cooling Setback Range -0.072 0.179 -0.187 -0.019

a*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Coefficients correlations between Mixolab parameters and amylogram parameters of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

Parameters Amyloseb Amylogramb

Peak Viscosity Holding Strength Final Viscosity Breakdown Setback

Mixolaba
WA -0.250 0.403* 0.499** 0.336 0.191 0.210
DDT -0.036 0.333 0.526** 0.395* 0.074 0.287
STB -0.126 -0.124 -0.309 -0.333 0.056 -0.332
C2 -0.164 -0.038 -0.099 -0.149 0.020 -0.175
C3 0.388* -0.016 0.028 0.037 -0.042 0.041
C4 0.567** -0.324 -0.004 -0.014 -0.445* -0.020
C5 0.604*** -0.454** -0.116 -0.113 -0.544** -0.105
α 0.107 0.295 0.636*** 0.508** -0.060 0.396*
β 0.411* -0.005 0.049 0.072 -0.042 0.084
γ 0.209 -0.499** 0.077 -0.094 -0.633*** -0.102
δ -0.064 -0.126 -0.123 -0.093 -0.083 -0.068

aWA = water absorption; DDT = dough development time; STB = stability; C2 = protein strength; C3 = starch gelatinization; C4 = starch gel stability; C5 = starch retrogradation; α = protein network weakening rate; β = starch gelatinization rate; γ = cooking stability rate; δ = cooling setback rate.

b*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Coefficients correlations between Mixolab parameters and end-use quality of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

Parameters Bread Loaf Volumea Texture of Cooked Noodlesa Cookie Diametera

Hardness Springiness Cohesiveness

Mixolab
Water Absorption 0.417* 0.433* 0.205 -0.755*** -0.755***
Dough Development Time 0.574** 0.411* 0.424* -0.622*** -0.622***
Dough Stability 0.513** 0.267 0.035 -0.136 -0.136
Protein Strength 0.503** 0.328 -0.010 -0.316 -0.316
Starch Gelatinization -0.086 -0.282 0.353 0.254 0.254
Starch Gel Stability 0.090 -0.137 0.453* 0.386* 0.386*
Starch Retrogradation 0.026 -0.068 0.454* 0.433* 0.433*
Protein Network Weakening rate 0.138 0.033 0.378* -0.320 -0.320
Starch Gelatinization Rate -0.214 -0.355 0.336 0.326 0.326
Cooking Stability Rate 0.190 0.005 0.158 -0.168 0.292
Cooling Setback Rate -0.009 0.201 -0.030 -0.050 -0.050

a*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Table 1 Protein and amylose content, mixograph parameters and pasting properties of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

PRO = protein content.

AMY = amylose content.

Abs = water absorption; Time = mixing time; Tol = mixing tolerance at 7 min.

PV = peak viscosity; HS = holding strength; FV = final viscosity; BD = breakdown; SB = setback.

AH = Australian hard; ASW = Australian standard white; SW = soft white; DNS = dark northern spring; HRW = hard red winter; CWRS = Canadian western red spring.

Bread = commercial flours for bread baking; Noodles = commercial flours for noodle making; Cookies = commercial flours for cookie baking.

*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Table 2 End-use quality of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

AH = Australian hard; ASW = Australian standard white; SW = soft white; DNS = dark northern spring; HRW = hard red winter; CWRS = Canadian western red spring.

Bread = commercial flours for bread baking; Noodles = commercial flours for noodle making; Cookies = commercial flours for cookie baking.

*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Table 3 Mixolab parameters of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

WA = water absorption, the amount of water required in dough development; DDT = dough development time; STB = stability, time of dough stability at constant temperature; C2 = protein strength; C3 = starch gelatinization; C4 = starch gel stability; C5 = starch retrogradation in the cooling phase; α = protein network weakening rang; β = starch gelatinization rang; γ = cooking stability range; δ = cooling setback rang.

AH = Australian hard; ASW = Australian standard white; SW = soft white; DNS = dark northern spring; HRW = hard red winter; CWRS = Canadian western red spring.

Bread = commercial flours for bread baking; Noodles = commercial flours for noodle making; Cookies = commercial flours for cookie baking.

*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Table 4 Coefficients correlations between Mixolab parameters and mixograph parameters of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Table 5 Coefficients correlations between Mixolab parameters and amylogram parameters of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

WA = water absorption; DDT = dough development time; STB = stability; C2 = protein strength; C3 = starch gelatinization; C4 = starch gel stability; C5 = starch retrogradation; α = protein network weakening rate; β = starch gelatinization rate; γ = cooking stability rate; δ = cooling setback rate.

*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.

Table 6 Coefficients correlations between Mixolab parameters and end-use quality of Korean wheat cultivars, imported wheat and commercial wheat flours.

*, ** and *** are significant at P = 0.05, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively.