1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원
2충청남도농업기술원
3전라남도농업기술원
4경상북도농업기술원
5경상남도농업기술원
6제주특별자치도 농업기술원
7국립한국농수산대학 식량작물학과
8전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 작물생명과학과
1National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
2Chungcheongamdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Yesan, 3418, Republic of Korea
3Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Naju, 5821, Republic of Korea
4Gyeongsangbukdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Daegu, 10, Republic of Korea
5Gyeongsangnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jinju, 2733, Republic of Korea
6Jeju Special Self-governing Province Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Seogwipo, 355, Republic of Korea
7Department of Food Crops, Korea Natioanl College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 5484, Republic of Korea
8Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 5496, Republic of Korea
Copyright © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
| Cultivar | Vernalization | Leaf | Stem | Spike | Awn | Kernel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Color | Width | Angle | Length | Color | Thick | Color | Shape | Color | Length | Size | Color | ||
| Taejoong | Ⅱ | DGz | Wx | Mw | M | LYv | Tu | LY | Rod | LY | M | L | Rt |
| Keumkang | Ⅲ | Gy | M | M | M | LY | M | LY | Rod | LY | M | L | W |
| Field condition | Region | Heading date | Yellow ripe stage date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Tajoong | Keumkang | Tajoong | Keumkang | ||
| Upland | Suwon | May 5 | April 25 | Jun 15 | Jun 9 |
| Yesan | April 27 | April 23 | Jun 14 | Jun 10 | |
| Daegu | April 27 | April 21 | May 31 | May 28 | |
| Jeju | April 20 | April 12 | Jun 1 | May 25 | |
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| Mean | April 27 | April 20 | Jun 7 | Jun 2 | |
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| Paddy | Jeonjuy | April 28 | April 20 | Jun 4 | May 29 |
| Naju | April 21 | April 14 | Jun 8 | May 31 | |
| Jinju | May 2 | April 24 | Jun 3 | May 26 | |
| Miryang | April 23 | April 16 | May 31 | May 27 | |
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| Mean | April 27 | April 19 | Jun 4 | May 28 | |
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| Total | April 27 | April 20 | Jun 6 | May 31 | |
| Cultivar | Plant height (cm) | Spike length (cm) | Number of spike (m2) | 1000 grain weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taejoong | 83a | 13.4a | 417b | 48.3a |
| Keumkang | 78b | 7.6b | 717a | 46.1b |
| Cultivar | Degree of lodging (0~9)y | Withered plant (%)x | Disease resistancew (S-R) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Suwon | Yesan | Jeonju | Naju | Daegu | Jinju | Miryang | Jeju | High ridge | Low ridge | Fusarium head blight | Powdery mildew | |
| Taejoong | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 38.1 | 33.3 | M | S |
| Keumkang | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 32.6 | 0.2 | S | S |
| Cultivar | Grain yield (ton/ha) | Index |
|---|---|---|
| Taejoong | 6.4a | 175 |
| Keumkang | 3.7b | 100 |
| Field condition | Location | Taejoong (MT/ha) | Index | Keumkang (MT/ha) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | mean | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | mean | |||
| Upland | Suwon | - | 4.8 | 8.9 | 6.9 | 119 | - | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Yesan | - | 3.3 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 100 | - | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.6 | |
| Daegu | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 125 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | |
| Jeju | - | 3.7 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 146 | - | 2.6 | 4.5 | 3.6 | |
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| Mean | 4.7 | 4.2 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 121 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.4 | |
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| Paddy | Jeonjuz | 4.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 115 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
| Naju | - | 5.6 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 124 | - | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.9 | |
| Jinju | 5.7 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 103 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.6 | |
| Miryang | - | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 114 | - | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | |
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| Mean | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 113 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.1 | |
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| Mean | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.9a | 117 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2b | |
| Cultivar | Flour yield(%) | Ash(%) | Protein(%) | SDSSz(ml) | Gluten(%) | Color of flour (Ly) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taejoong | 71.8a | 0.48a | 11.1b | 34.2b | 8.8b | 91.90a |
| Keumkang | 72.3a | 0.39b | 11.9a | 59.5a | 9.9a | 91.86a |
| Cultivar | Mixograph | Amylose (%) | Pasting properties (BU) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Water absorption (%) | Mixing time (min) | Mixing tolerance (mm) | Peak viscosity | Breakdown | ||
| Taejoong | 60.3b | 3.1b | 9.3b | 27.2a | 109.0a | 28.6a |
| Keumkang | 62.5a | 5.2a | 14.0a | 25.9b | 104.0a | 27.3a |
| Cultivar | HMW-GSz | GBSSy | Puroindolines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-D1 | Wx-A1 | Wx-B1 | Wx-D1 | Pina-D1 | Pinb-D1 | |
| Taejoong | Null | 7+9 | 2+12 | ax | a | a | a | bw |
| Keumkang | 2* | 7+8 | 5+10 | a | a | a | a | b |
| Cultivar | Color of noodle dough sheet (Lz) | Texture properties of cooked noodles | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Hardness(N) | Springiness(Ratio) | Cohesiveness(Ratio) | ||
| Taejoong | 83.02a | 4.24b | 0.61a | 0.89a |
| Keumkang | 83.00a | 4.35a | 0.60a | 0.89a |
| Cultivar | CPz (%) | ADFy (%) | NDFx (%) | TDNw (%) | Dry matter yield (MT/ha) | The grade of silagev (1~5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taejoong (Wheat) | 8.4a | 24.7c | 45.3c | 69.4b | 12.2a | 1 |
| Cheongwoo (Wheat) | 8.1b | 29.0a | 52.5a | 66.0b | 10.9b | 1 |
| Youngyang (Barley) | 7.8c | 26.8b | 48.5b | 67.6a | 10.1c | 2 |
zCP: Crude protein yADF: Acid Detergent Fiber, xNDF: Neutral Detergent Fiber, wTDN: Total Digestible Nutrients
vTested by Flieg’s score: 1 (superior, above 81), 2 (good, 61~80), 3 (common, 41~60), 4 (no good, 21~40), 5 (very bad, under 20), Taejoong (94), Cheongwoo (92), Youngyang (76).
a-cMeans with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Inherent characteristics of a new wheat cultivar ‘Taejoong’. (National Institute of Crop Science, '14-'16)
| Cultivar | Vernalization | Leaf | Stem | Spike | Awn | Kernel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Color | Width | Angle | Length | Color | Thick | Color | Shape | Color | Length | Size | Color | ||
| Taejoong | Ⅱ | DGz | Wx | Mw | M | LYv | Tu | LY | Rod | LY | M | L | Rt |
| Keumkang | Ⅲ | Gy | M | M | M | LY | M | LY | Rod | LY | M | L | W |
Heading and yellow ripe stage date of cultivar ‘Taejoong’. (RYTz, '14~'16)
| Field condition | Region | Heading date | Yellow ripe stage date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tajoong | Keumkang | Tajoong | Keumkang | ||
| Upland | Suwon | May 5 | April 25 | Jun 15 | Jun 9 |
| Yesan | April 27 | April 23 | Jun 14 | Jun 10 | |
| Daegu | April 27 | April 21 | May 31 | May 28 | |
| Jeju | April 20 | April 12 | Jun 1 | May 25 | |
| Mean | April 27 | April 20 | Jun 7 | Jun 2 | |
| Paddy | Jeonjuy | April 28 | April 20 | Jun 4 | May 29 |
| Naju | April 21 | April 14 | Jun 8 | May 31 | |
| Jinju | May 2 | April 24 | Jun 3 | May 26 | |
| Miryang | April 23 | April 16 | May 31 | May 27 | |
| Mean | April 27 | April 19 | Jun 4 | May 28 | |
| Total | April 27 | April 20 | Jun 6 | May 31 | |
Agronomic characteristics of cultivar ‘Taejoong’. (RYTz, '14~'16)
| Cultivar | Plant height (cm) | Spike length (cm) | Number of spike (m2) | 1000 grain weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taejoong | 83a | 13.4a | 417b | 48.3a |
| Keumkang | 78b | 7.6b | 717a | 46.1b |
Lodging, winter hardiness and disease resistance of the cultivar ‘Taejoong’. (RYTz, '14~'16)
| Cultivar | Degree of lodging (0~9)y | Withered plant (%)x | Disease resistancew (S-R) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suwon | Yesan | Jeonju | Naju | Daegu | Jinju | Miryang | Jeju | High ridge | Low ridge | Fusarium head blight | Powdery mildew | |
| Taejoong | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 38.1 | 33.3 | M | S |
| Keumkang | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 32.6 | 0.2 | S | S |
Grain yield of ‘Taejoong’ in the advanced yield trial (AYT) at Iksan. (AYT, '12~'13)
| Cultivar | Grain yield (ton/ha) | Index |
|---|---|---|
| Taejoong | 6.4a | 175 |
| Keumkang | 3.7b | 100 |
Grain yield of the cultivar ‘Taejoong’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in the eight location (RYT, '14∼'16).
| Field condition | Location | Taejoong (MT/ha) | Index | Keumkang (MT/ha) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | mean | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | mean | |||
| Upland | Suwon | - | 4.8 | 8.9 | 6.9 | 119 | - | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Yesan | - | 3.3 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 100 | - | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.6 | |
| Daegu | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 125 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | |
| Jeju | - | 3.7 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 146 | - | 2.6 | 4.5 | 3.6 | |
| Mean | 4.7 | 4.2 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 121 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.4 | |
| Paddy | Jeonjuz | 4.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 115 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
| Naju | - | 5.6 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 124 | - | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.9 | |
| Jinju | 5.7 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 103 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.6 | |
| Miryang | - | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 114 | - | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | |
| Mean | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 113 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.1 | |
| Mean | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.9a | 117 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2b | |
Flour yield and flour characteristics of ‘Taejoong’ in the regional yield trials.
| Cultivar | Flour yield(%) | Ash(%) | Protein(%) | SDSSz(ml) | Gluten(%) | Color of flour (Ly) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taejoong | 71.8a | 0.48a | 11.1b | 34.2b | 8.8b | 91.90a |
| Keumkang | 72.3a | 0.39b | 11.9a | 59.5a | 9.9a | 91.86a |
Rheological properties of dough and pasting properties of ‘Taejoong’ in the regional yield trials.
| Cultivar | Mixograph | Amylose (%) | Pasting properties (BU) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water absorption (%) | Mixing time (min) | Mixing tolerance (mm) | Peak viscosity | Breakdown | ||
| Taejoong | 60.3b | 3.1b | 9.3b | 27.2a | 109.0a | 28.6a |
| Keumkang | 62.5a | 5.2a | 14.0a | 25.9b | 104.0a | 27.3a |
Subunits of HMW-GS, GBSS and puroindolines of ‘Taejoong’.
| Cultivar | HMW-GSz | GBSSy | Puroindolines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-D1 | Wx-A1 | Wx-B1 | Wx-D1 | Pina-D1 | Pinb-D1 | |
| Taejoong | Null | 7+9 | 2+12 | ax | a | a | a | bw |
| Keumkang | 2* | 7+8 | 5+10 | a | a | a | a | b |
Noodle dough properties and texture of cooked noodles prepared from ‘Sooan’ in the regional yield trials.
| Cultivar | Color of noodle dough sheet (Lz) | Texture properties of cooked noodles | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardness(N) | Springiness(Ratio) | Cohesiveness(Ratio) | ||
| Taejoong | 83.02a | 4.24b | 0.61a | 0.89a |
| Keumkang | 83.00a | 4.35a | 0.60a | 0.89a |
Forage quality of ‘Taejoong’ at the early yellow ripe stage. (National Institute of Crop Science, '16~'17)
| Cultivar | CPz (%) | ADFy (%) | NDFx (%) | TDNw (%) | Dry matter yield (MT/ha) | The grade of silagev (1~5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taejoong (Wheat) | 8.4a | 24.7c | 45.3c | 69.4b | 12.2a | 1 |
| Cheongwoo (Wheat) | 8.1b | 29.0a | 52.5a | 66.0b | 10.9b | 1 |
| Youngyang (Barley) | 7.8c | 26.8b | 48.5b | 67.6a | 10.1c | 2 |
DG: dark green, yG: green, xW: wide, wM: middle, vLY: light yellow, uT: thick, tR: red.
RYT: Regional yield trial.
The data of heading and maturing dates of Jeonju in 2014 was acquired from Iksan
RYT: Regional yield trial.
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test.
RYT: Regional yield trial.
Rating score: 0 = excellent or strong, 9 = worst or weak.
Winter killing rate was tested in Yeoncheon from 2014 to 2016.
S: susceptible, M: moderate, R: resistant.
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test.
The data of grain yield of Jeonju in 2014 was acquired from Iksan.
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test.
SDSS: SDS-sedimentation volume, yL: Lightness.
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test.
HMW-GS: High molecular weight glutenin subunit, yGBSS: Granule bound starch synthase.
a: Wild type, wb: Mutant.
L: lightness.
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test.
CP: Crude protein yADF: Acid Detergent Fiber, xNDF: Neutral Detergent Fiber, wTDN: Total Digestible Nutrients
Tested by Flieg’s score: 1 (superior, above 81), 2 (good, 61~80), 3 (common, 41~60), 4 (no good, 21~40), 5 (very bad, under 20), Taejoong (94), Cheongwoo (92), Youngyang (76).
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% significant level by Duncan’s multiple range test.