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중립 내병 다수성 장류⋅두부용 콩 ‘늘찬’

김현태1, 고종민1, 백인열1, 한원영1, 윤홍태2, 이병원2, 신상욱1, 서정현1,*, 김홍식1, 곽도연1

‘Neulchan’, a Middle-seed, Disease-resistant, and High-yield Soybean Cultivar for Soy-paste and Tofu

Hyun Tae Kim1, Jong Min Ko1, In Youl Baek1, Won Young Han1, Hong Tai Yun2, Byoung Won Lee2, Sang Ouk Shin1, Jeong Hyun Seo1,*, Hong Sik Kim1, Do Yeon Kwak1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(4):475-481.
Published online: December 1, 2019

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부

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* Corresponding Author (E-mail: next0501@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-350-1236)
• Received: August 6, 2019   • Revised: August 9, 2019   • Accepted: August 22, 2019

Copyright © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • The soybean cultivar ‘Neulchan’ was developed for production of soy-paste and tofu. SS91501-9-1-1 and SS96205 (F2) were crossed in 1998, and F3 to F7 were selected by the pedigree method. A preliminary yield trial (PYT) and an advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2006 to 2008, and a regional yield trial (RYT) in nine regions was conducted from 2009 to 2011. In the RYT, ‘Neulchan’ was stable in variable environments and generated high yield. ‘Neulchan’ was determinate with white flower, light brown pod color, yellow spherical seed, and yellow hilum. Its flowering date and maturity date were Jul. 30 and Oct. 9, respectively. The plant height was shorter than that of ‘Daewonkong’ (a standard cultivar). ‘Neulchan’ had the same node number (14), higher first-pod height (12 cm), and lighter seed weight (21.7 g/100-seed weight) than those of ‘Daewonkong’ (14, 11, and 24.2 g/100-seed weight, respectively). ‘Neulchan’ had high resistance to bacterial pustule, and its resistance to soybean mosaic virus was similar to that of ‘Daewonkong’. The yield and color of ‘Neulchan’ tofu were similar to those of ‘Daewonkong’ tofu, but the hardness was lower than that of ‘Daewonkong’ tofu. The soybean malt scent, fermented soybean yield, and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) of ‘Neulchan’ were 3, 215%, and 24.6 mg/g, respectively. Its yield in adaptable regions was 307 kg/10a, higher than that of ‘Daewonkong’. ‘Neulchan’ was expected to be cultivated and used widely for soy-paste and tofu production. (Registration No. 4904).
콩[Glycine max. (L.) Merr]은 한반도 북부가 원산지인 작물로서 약 5,000년 전부터 재배되기 시작하였다. 콩은 양질의 지방과 단백질이 함유되어 있어 우리나라에서는 과거부터 주로 두부, 장류, 콩나물 등 전통가공식품의 원료곡으로 소비되어 왔으며, 주식인 쌀의 부족한 영양분을 채워주는 역할을 해왔다(Kim et al. 2018). 최근에는 콩에 함유된 다양한 기능성 물질의 효능이 연구되면서 건강식품으로서도 중요성이 부각되고 있다.
콩의 재배면적은 2017년 기준 약 4만 6천ha로 2012년 이후 재배면적이 매년 감소하고 있으며, 이에 따라 생산량도 감소추세를 나타내고 있다. 콩의 식량자급률 또한 2017년 기준 22%로 2000년 대비 약 6% 감소하였다. 하지만 2018년산 콩 생산량은 논 타작물재배지원사업 등의 영향으로 재배면적이 늘면서 다소 증가하였으며, 정책이 시행되는 기간에는 이러한 현상이 지속될 것으로 전망된다(KREI 2019). 우리나라의 연간 콩 소비량은 약 140만톤이며 식용콩40만톤 중 국산이 12~14만톤, 나머지는 수입으로 충당하며, 사료용은 전량 수입에 의존하고 있다. 이처럼 수입산콩의 비중이 높은 이유는 가격차이로부터 비롯된 것으로 국산콩의 소비량을 늘리기 위해서는 콩의 품질, 수량성 등을 향상시켜 가격경쟁력을 높여야 한다.
콩은 주로 가공식품의 원료곡으로 소비되고 있으므로 원료콩의 품질과 안정적 공급이 무엇보다 중요하다. 1997년 개발된 ‘대원콩’(Kim et al. 1998)은 종자의 배꼽색이 없어 외관 품질이 우수하고 성숙기 탈립에 매우 강한 특성을 나타내어 현재까지도 우리나라 보급종의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 그러나 ‘대원콩’은 불마름병 등 병해에 약하고, 기계화 재배에 부적합한 특성을 나타내어 이를 보완한 품종을 개발하고자 노력하고 있다.
콩의 안정적 생산을 위해서는 유전적으로 우수한 품종육성과 그에 맞는 최적의 재배기술 그리고 재배환경이 뒤따라 주어야 한다. 콩 생산량 주요 감소 원인은 불마름병(Xanthomonas campestris) (Hong et al. 2011)과 콩모자이크바이러스병(SMV, Soybean mosaic virus) (Hartman et al. 1999; Hunst and Tolin 1982)과 같은 병해, 톱다리개미허리노린재(Kang et al. 2003) 등의 충해, 성숙기 탈립 문제(Funatsuki et al. 2014) 등 다양하다. 따라서 콩 육종프로그램 과정에서 각종 병충해에 대한 검정, 내탈립 검정 등을 수행하고 있으며 이에 따라 저항성인 품종들이 개발되고 있다.
농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서는 내도복성, 내탈립성, 내병성 등의 재배안정성이 우수하여 수량이 높고, 배꼽색이 없어 외관 품질이 우수한 장류 및 두부용 콩 품종 ‘늘찬’을 개발하여 그 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 소개하고자 한다.
생산력검정시험
2006년 생산력검정예비시험(PYT, Preliminary Yield Trial), 2007년과 2008년 생산력검정본시험(AYT, Advanced Yield Trial)을 수행하였다. 생산력검정예비시험은 시험구 면적 8.4 m2, 재식거리 70×15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배되고 난괴법 2반복으로 배치하였다. 생산력검정본시험은 시험구 면적 11.2 m2, 재식거리 70×15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배되고 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하여 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준에 따라 생육특성과 수량성을 조사하였다(RDA 2012).
지역적응시험
지역적응시험(RYT, Regional Yield Trial)은 시험지역은 경기 연천, 경기 수원, 강원 춘천, 충북 청원, 충남 예산, 전북 익산, 경북 칠곡, 경남 진주, 경남 밀양 등 9개 지역에서 2009년부터 2011년까지 3년간 수행되었다. 재배방법은 시험구 면적 11.2 m2, 재식거리 70×15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배되고 밀양, 수원은 난괴법 4반복으로 배치하였으며 이외 지역은 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 파종기는 6월 중순으로 설정하였고 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준에 따라 생육특성 및 수량성을 조사하고 표준품종인 ‘대원콩’과 비교하였다.
내병성검정
내병성 검정을 위해 5월 상순에 검정포장에 파종하여 콩모자이크바이러스병과 불마름병의 자연 이병률을 조사하고, 저항성 검정을 위해 각 시험 전년도에 접종 및 증식하여 저온 보관해둔 콩모자이크바이러스 G5 (Lim et al. 2003), G6H (Seo et al. 2009), G7H (Kim et al. 2003) 균계를 지닌 이병잎을 마쇄하여 2mole 농도의 인산 나트륨 버퍼에 녹인 후 즙액을 만들어 초생엽 전개시 Carborandom을 이용하여 잎 표면에 상처를 낸 후 접종 하였다. 접종 2주 후 접종한 하위엽을, 10일 뒤 상위 엽을 병반 없음(-), 갈색 병반(L), 엽맥 병반(V), 모자익 증상(M), 고사(N), 5 가지 병징으로 판별 및 조사 하였다. 불마름병은 8ra를 증식하여 증류수에 희석하여 OD값 0.2-0.3으로 농도를 맞추어 제 2본엽기에 충분히 분무접종하고 습식처리 후 10일이 경과하고 2회에 걸쳐 잎에 나타난 병징 발현을 조사하였다.
내도복성 및 내탈립성
내도복성 검정을 위해 처리는 재식밀도 70×15 cm의 표준 재식밀도와 70×7.5 cm의 2배 밀식재배로 설정하고 시험구 2.8 m2의 난괴법 2반복 배치하여 도복 정도를 조사하였다. 도복 정도는 성숙기에 45° 이상 기울어진 개체의 비율로 등급화(1: 5% 이하, 3: 6~10%, 5: 11~50%, 7: 51~75%, 9: 76% 이상)하였다. 반복 및 연차 간 등급을 평균하여 반올림 후 1~9로 최종등급을 표시하였다. 협개열 정도는 내도복성 검정을 위한 시험구에서 성숙한 꼬투리 30개를 성숙기에 채취하여 40℃ 건조기에 48시간 건조 후 꼬투리의 개열 정도를 조사하였다.
품질분석
단백질 함량은 질소 분석기(Elementar Analysen system, US/RapidN111, Germany)를 이용하여 분석하였으며 지방함량 및 지방산 조성분석은 자동유지추출장치(Soxhlet System: BUCHI Labotechnik, B-811, AG, Switzerland)에 넣고 n-hexane으로 3시간 열수 추출한 후 지방함량을 구하였다. 그리고 지방산 조성 분석은 가스크로마토그래피(Agilent, GC 7890A, USA)로 분석하였다.
이소플라본은 성분 분석을 위해 분쇄한 시료 1.0 g을 50% methanol 용액 20 mL에 12시간 실온에서 교반한 뒤 추출액을 여과지(Whatman NO. 2)를 이용하여 여과하였다. 여과된 시료는 다시 HPLC 분석을 위해 0.45 µm 필터를 하였다. 이소플라본 분석은 액체크로마토그래피(Agilent, 1100, USA)로 분석하였다. 이소플라본은 배당체와 비배당체의 함량을 모두 합하여 표시하였다.
두부⋅청국장 및 메주가공적성 평가
두부는 원료콩 150 g을 10℃에서 15시간 침지 시킨 후 가수량을 10배로 하여 3분간 두부제조기(㈜코코, 코코두부제조기-8800) 마쇄하고, 마쇄한 두미를 여과포에 넣어 압착여과기로 압착(3psi)하여 두유를 얻고, 두유를 스테인레스 용기(Φ15×30 cm)에 담아 가압솥에서 98~100℃로 10분간 가열한 후, 두유를 85℃로 유지시키면서 CaSO4를 2% 첨가하고, 20분간 그대로 정치하여 응고시켰다. 응고물은 두부성형틀에 넣고(12×10×4 cm) 압착성형 하였고, 압착된 두부를 15℃ 정도의 물에 2시간 정도 수침시킨 후 완성된 두부를 시료로 사용하여 물성⋅색차 및 수율을 조사하였다.
청국장은 원료콩 20 g을 15시간 침종 후 121℃에서 15분간 살균하고 청국장 균(bacillus subtilis) 200 ㎕를 접종하여 유산균 발효기(㈜엔유씨전자, NY-3200S)에 치상하였다. 24시간 뒤 끈적임 정도를 대원콩을 ‘3’으로 하여 1(약)-5(강) 수준으로 평가하고, γ-PGA 함량은 청국장 5 g에 증류수 30 ml를 가하여 낟알이 부서지지 않게 저어 추출한 후 15,000×g에서 10분간 원심분리하여 얻은 상층액을 동결 건조하여 중량을 측정하였다.
메주는 원료콩 2 kg을 세척 후 9시간 동안 수침한 후 5분동안 절수하고 115℃에서 40분간 증자하였다. 증자 후 콩을 압력솥에서 꺼낸 후 넓게 펴 식힌 다음 롤러자동형 메주기계(PIKA®)로 마쇄하고 목재 성형틀에 넣어 성형한 후 30±2℃, 70±5% RH의 항온항습실에서 40일 동안 발효시켰다. 발효된 메주는 실외 건조 후 무게를 측정하였다.
육성 과정
‘늘찬’은 1998년 대립, 내병, 다수성 품종육성을 목표로 ‘석량풋콩’과 ‘장엽콩’의 후대인 SS91501-9-1-1를 모본으로 ‘목포17’호와 ‘신팔달콩2호’의 교배후대인 SS96205을 부본으로 1998년에 인공교배를 하였다. ’99~’00년도에 F1, F2집단을 양성하고, F3부터 F7세대는 계통을 전개하여 계통육종법으로 선발되었다. ’06년 생산력검정예비시험, ’07년부터 ’08년까지 생산력검정본시험을 수행하여 중립으로 병에 강하여 재배안정성이 높고 다수성 계통으로 유망시되어 ‘밀양206호’의 계통명을 부여한 후 ’09년부터 ’11년까지 3년간 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 중립 내병 내재해 우량계통으로 인정되어 2011년 12월 농작물직무육성신품종선정위원회에서 신규품종으로 결정하고 ‘늘찬’으로 명명하였다(Fig. 1).
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Neulchan’, zpreliminary yield trial, yadvanced yield trial, xregional yield trial.
KJBS-51-475-f1.jpg
고유특성 및 생육특성
‘늘찬’은 유한신육형이며 엽형은 난형, 화색은 백색, 모용색은 회색, 협색은 담갈색, 종실은 구형이며 종피색과 배꼽색은 황색이다(Table 1). 개화기는 7월 30일, 성숙기는 10월 9일로 대원콩 대비 각각 2일 늦고, 3일 빠른 중만생종이다. 경장은 61 cm, 분지수는 2.9개, 협수는 47, 착협고는 12 cm, 주경절수는 14개였으며 ‘대원콩’과 비슷하였다. 100립중은 21.7 g으로 ‘대원콩’ 보다 다소 작은 중립종이다(Table 2).
Table 1
Qualitative characteristics of ‘Neulchan’.
Table 1
Cultivar Growth habit Leaflet shape Flower color Pubescence Color Seed coat color Pod color Hilum color Seed shape
Neulchan Determinate Oval White Gray Yellow Light Brown Yellow Spherical
Daewonkong Determinate Oval White Gray Yellow Yellow Yellow Spherical
Table 2
Quantitative characteristics of ‘Neulchan’ determined by regional yield trial from 2009 to 2011.
Table 2
Cultivar Flowering Date (Month. Day) Maturity Date (Month. Day) Height (cm) First Pod Height (cm) No. of nods No. of branch No. of pod 100-seed weight (g) Lodging at field (1-9)z Shattering
Normal culture Density culture Field (1-9)z Ratio by Oven test (%)y
Neulchan 7.30 10. 9 61 12 14 2.9 47 21.7 1 1 1 0.0
Daewonkong 7.28 10.12 65 11 14 3.4 47 24.2 2 1 1 0.0
t-valuex - - -1.25ns 0.19ns -0.31ns -1.64ns 0.06ns -3.50** - - - -

z(1) Tolerant ~ (9) Susceptible.

ythe ratio of shattered pod by dry oven test at 40℃ for 48hr.

x‘ns’ is not significantly different, and ‘*’ and ‘**’ were significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.01 and 0.05 by student t-test.

내도복⋅내탈립 및 내병충성
‘늘찬’은 시험포장에서 내도복성이 1로 평가되었고, 2배 밀식재배 시 1로 평가되어 성숙기 도복에 강하였다. 협개열성은 포장에서 1, 실내검정결과 0%로 평가되어 탈립에 강하였다(Table 2). 불마름병 검정결과 시험포장에서 0, 인공접종 시 1로 평가되어 각각 2, 2로 평가된 ‘대원콩’ 보다 강하였다. 콩모자이크바이러스병은 검정포장에서 발병하지 않았고 유묘접종 결과 G6H 균계과 G7H 균계에서 접종엽에 무반응 그리고 상위엽에 모자이크 반응을 나타내었고, G5 접종엽에 국부반응과 상위엽에 모자이크 반응이 나타났다. 검은뿌리썩음병 이병주율은 2.1%로 ‘대원콩’ 보다 약하였고 종실 이병립률은 자반병이 0.2%, 갈반병이 0.1%, 미이라병이 0.4%로 조사되어 ‘대원콩’(0.3%, 0.3% 0.3%)과 비슷하였다. 콩나방 피해립률은 2.5%로 ‘대원콩’(2.2%)과 비슷하였다(Table 3).
Table 3
The resistance of ‘Neulchan’ to the diseases of soybean estimated from 2009 to 2011.
Table 3
Cultivar Bacterial Pustule (0-9)z Root rot (%)y Soybean Mosaic Virusx Percentages of damaged seed (%)y
Field Inoculation Inoculation Field (0-9)z Purple seed stain Seed spot Phomopsis Pod borer
G5 G6H G7H
Neulchan 0 1 2.1 L/M -/M -/M 0 0.2 0.1 0.4 2.5
Daewonkong 2 2 0.8 L/M -/M L/M 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.2

z(0) Tolerant ~ (9) Susceptible.

yRoot rot and damaged seed that were naturally infected in the field were estimated.

xReaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, (-) No symptom, (L) Local reaction, (M) Mosaic.

종실품질 및 가공적성
‘늘찬’의 단백질 함량은 38.7%, 지방함량은 22.1%, 포화지방산은 14.6%, 불포화 지방산은 85.4%로 ‘대원콩’ 보다 지방함량이 다소 높았으나, 통계적 차이는 없었다. 이소플라본 함량에 있어 Daidzein계열은 516 µg/g으로 ‘대원콩’ 보다 낮으면서 유의한 차이가 있었고, Glycitein계열 366 µg/g과 Genistein계열은 915 µg/g 그리고 총 함량은 1,798 µg/g으로 ‘대원콩’(2,222 µg/g)보다 낮았지만 통계적 차이는 없었다(Table 4).
Table 4
Major component of seed in ‘Neulchan’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.
Table 4
Cultivar Crude Protein (%) Crude Oil (%) Fatty acids (%) Isoflavone (µg/g)
Saturated Unsaturated Daidzein Glycitein Genistein Total
Neulchan 38.7 22.1 14.6 85.4 516 366 915 1,798
Daewonkong 38.7 21.4 14.7 85.3 739 313 1,168 2,222
t-valuez -0.00ns 0.29ns 1.84ns 0.13ns -5.21* 1.11ns -3.64ns -3.01ns

z‘ns’ is not significantly different and ‘*’ is significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

두부가공적성 평가결과 두부수율은 171%, 비지수율은 135%였으며 두부의 색차는 밝기(L)가 84, 초록~빨강색(a)값이 0.73, 파랑~노랑색(b)값이 14.4로 ΔE값이 1.0로 ‘대원콩’과 비슷했다. 탄력성은 0.90, 검성은 756, 응집성은 0.75, 씹힘성은 623으로 ‘대원콩’과 비슷하였으며, 경도는 1,015 g/3.14 mm2로 ‘대원콩’ 보다 다소 낮았으나, 통계적 차이는 없었다(Table 5).
Table 5
Characteristics of tofu of ‘Neulchan’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.
Table 5
Cultivar Tofu yield (%) Bean Curd Residue(%) Color valuez Physical characteristics
L a b ΔE Springiness Gumminess Cohesiveness Chewiness Hardness (g/3.14mm2)
Neulchan 171 135 84 0.73 14.4 1.0 0.90 756 0.75 623 1,015
Daewonkong 176 122 85 0.58 14.4 0.90 752 0.71 665 1,072
t-valuey -0.66ns 0.97ns - - - - - - - - -0.13ns

z(L) Lightness, (a) Green~Red, (b) Blue~Yellow, (ΔE) 1.5~3.0%: noticeably difference.

y‘ns’ is not significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

장류가공적성 평가결과는 메주수율은 82%, 풍취는 2로 평가되어 ‘대원콩’(77%, 3)과 대등하였다. 청국장은 발효정도가 3, 풍취가 보통(3)으로 평가되었고 수율이 215%, γ-PGA가 24.6 ㎎/g으로 ‘대원콩’ 보다 다소 높았지만 통계적 차이는 없었다(Table 6).
Table 6
Soybean malt and fermented soybean process-ability by ‘Neulchan’.
Table 6
Cultivar Soybean malt Fermented soybean
Yield (%) Scent (1-5)z Degree of fermentation (1-5)z Yield (%) Scent (1-5)z γ-PGA (mg/g)
Neulchan 82 2 3 215 3 24.6
Daewonkong 77 3 3 217 4 21.9
t-valuey - - - -0.29ns - 0.91ns

z(1) Worst, (2) Bad, (3) Fair, (4) Good, (5) Best.

y‘ns’ is not significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

수량성
‘늘찬’은 2006년~2008년에 실시한 생산력검정시험에서 평균수량 3.00 ton/ha로 ‘대원콩’ 대비 15% 증수된 결과를 얻었으나 통계적 차이는 없었다(Table 7). 하지만 2009년~2011년 9개소에서 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 전국 평균 2.95 ton/ha로 ‘대원콩’보다 6% 증수하였고, 적응지역인 이모작지대에서 3.07 ton/ha로 ‘대원콩’ 보다 8% 증수하였다(Table 8).
Table 7
Yield of ‘Neulchan’ in the preliminary and advanced yield trials in Miryang.
Table 7
Cultivar Yield (Ton/ha) Indexx
PYT ('06)z AYT ('07-'08)y Mean
Neulchan 2.69 3.16 3.00 115
Daewonkong 2.51 2.66 2.61 100
t-valuew - - -0.70ns -

z(PYT) preliminary yield trial.

y(AYT) advanced yield trial.

x(Index) mean yield of ‘Neulchan’/mean yield of ‘Daewonkong’×100.

w‘ns’ is not significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 8
Yield of ‘Neulchan’ in the regional yield trials carried out at 9 locations.
Table 8
Cropping Location Neulchan (Ton/ha) Daewonkong (Ton/ha)
2009 2010 2011 Mean Indexz 2009 2010 2011 Mean
Mono Suwon 3.11 2.53 2.29 2.64 97 3.72 2.39 2.01 2.71
Yeoncheon 3.26 2.74 2.81 2.94 106 3.19 2.29 2.83 2.77
Chuncheon 1.69 2.99 3.08 2.59 96 2.25 3.01 2.87 2.71
Mean 2.69 2.75 2.73 2.72 100 3.05 2.56 2.57 2.73
Double Miryang 3.03 2.81 3.00 2.95 102 3.06 2.92 2.68 2.89
Yesan 3.38 2.50 3.00 2.96 108 3.32 2.37 2.53 2.74
Iksan 3.00 2.60 2.90 2.83 113 2.34 2.78 2.40 2.51
Jinju 3.93 3.41 3.28 3.54 121 3.74 2.44 2.60 2.93
Cheongwon 2.52 2.77 2.40 2.56 113 1.87 2.56 2.37 2.27
Chilgok 3.77 3.68 3.28 3.58 99 4.32 3.30 3.27 3.63
Mean 3.27 2.96 2.79 3.07 108 3.11 2.73 2.53 2.83
Overall mean 3.08 2.89 2.77 2.95 106 3.09 2.67 2.54 2.79
t-valuey - - - 1.12ns - - - - -

z(Index) mean yield of ‘Neulchan’ / mean yield of ‘Daewonkong’×100.

y‘ns’ is not significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

재배상의 유의점
‘늘찬’은 파종이 너무 늦으면 경장이 짧아지고 입중이 감소할 수 있으므로 6월 상~중순에 파종하는 것이 유리하다. 그리고 과습조건에서는 검은뿌리썩음병이 발생할 수 있으므로 배수가 불량한 토양에서는 재배를 피하여야 한다.
‘늘찬’은 ‘석량풋콩’과 ‘장엽콩’의 후대인 SS91501-9-1-1를 모본으로 ‘목포17호’와 ‘신팔달콩2호’의 교배후대인 SS96205을 부본으로 1998년에 인공교배하여 계통육종법에 의하여 선발된 품종이다. 2006~2008년 생산력검정시험에서 중립으로 병에 강하여 재배안정성이 높고 다수성으로 유망시되어 ‘밀양206호’의 계통명을 부여한 후 ’09년에서 ’11년까지 3년간 9개소에서 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 중립 내병 내재해 우량계통으로 평가되어 품종보호출원 및 국가품종목록으로 등재하였다.
‘늘찬’은 유한신육형, 화색이 백색, 협색이 담갈색, 종실은 종피와 제색이 황색이면서 모양이 구형인 장류 및 두부용 콩 품종이다. 개화기가 7월 30일, 성숙기가 10월 9일로 중만생종이며 경장은 ‘대원콩’ 보다 4 cm 짧으며 주경절수가 14개로 같고, 백립중이 21.7 g으로 가벼운 특성을 지니고 있다. 검은뿌리썩음병은 다소 약하지만 불마름병과 콩모자이크바이러스에 저항성 품종이다. 두부가공특성은 ‘대원콩’ 대비 밝기가 비슷한 정도였으며 경도도 ‘대원콩’과 비슷한 특성을 나타냈다. 메주 풍취와 청국장 풍취는 ‘대원콩’보다 약간 못하였으며 메주수율과 청국장 γ-PGA 함량이 ‘대원콩’ 보다 우수하였다. 수량성은 지역적응시험 결과 전국 평균 2.95 ton/ha, 적응지역인 이모작 지대에서 3.07 ton/ha로 ‘대원콩’보다 약간 많은 다수성 품종이다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제명: 콩 전통식품 가공적성 신품종 육성, 과제번호: PJ01122505)의 지원에 의해 수행되었다.
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‘Neulchan’, a Middle-seed, Disease-resistant, and High-yield Soybean Cultivar for Soy-paste and Tofu
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(4):475-481.   Published online December 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.4.475
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‘Neulchan’, a Middle-seed, Disease-resistant, and High-yield Soybean Cultivar for Soy-paste and Tofu
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(4):475-481.   Published online December 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.4.475
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‘Neulchan’, a Middle-seed, Disease-resistant, and High-yield Soybean Cultivar for Soy-paste and Tofu
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Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Neulchan’, zpreliminary yield trial, yadvanced yield trial, xregional yield trial.

Fig. 1

‘Neulchan’, a Middle-seed, Disease-resistant, and High-yield Soybean Cultivar for Soy-paste and Tofu

Qualitative characteristics of ‘Neulchan’.

Cultivar Growth habit Leaflet shape Flower color Pubescence Color Seed coat color Pod color Hilum color Seed shape
Neulchan Determinate Oval White Gray Yellow Light Brown Yellow Spherical
Daewonkong Determinate Oval White Gray Yellow Yellow Yellow Spherical

Quantitative characteristics of ‘Neulchan’ determined by regional yield trial from 2009 to 2011.

Cultivar Flowering Date (Month. Day) Maturity Date (Month. Day) Height (cm) First Pod Height (cm) No. of nods No. of branch No. of pod 100-seed weight (g) Lodging at field (1-9)z Shattering
Normal culture Density culture Field (1-9)z Ratio by Oven test (%)y
Neulchan 7.30 10. 9 61 12 14 2.9 47 21.7 1 1 1 0.0
Daewonkong 7.28 10.12 65 11 14 3.4 47 24.2 2 1 1 0.0
t-valuex - - -1.25ns 0.19ns -0.31ns -1.64ns 0.06ns -3.50** - - - -

The resistance of ‘Neulchan’ to the diseases of soybean estimated from 2009 to 2011.

Cultivar Bacterial Pustule (0-9)z Root rot (%)y Soybean Mosaic Virusx Percentages of damaged seed (%)y
Field Inoculation Inoculation Field (0-9)z Purple seed stain Seed spot Phomopsis Pod borer
G5 G6H G7H
Neulchan 0 1 2.1 L/M -/M -/M 0 0.2 0.1 0.4 2.5
Daewonkong 2 2 0.8 L/M -/M L/M 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.2

Major component of seed in ‘Neulchan’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.

Cultivar Crude Protein (%) Crude Oil (%) Fatty acids (%) Isoflavone (µg/g)
Saturated Unsaturated Daidzein Glycitein Genistein Total
Neulchan 38.7 22.1 14.6 85.4 516 366 915 1,798
Daewonkong 38.7 21.4 14.7 85.3 739 313 1,168 2,222
t-valuez -0.00ns 0.29ns 1.84ns 0.13ns -5.21* 1.11ns -3.64ns -3.01ns

Characteristics of tofu of ‘Neulchan’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.

Cultivar Tofu yield (%) Bean Curd Residue(%) Color valuez Physical characteristics
L a b ΔE Springiness Gumminess Cohesiveness Chewiness Hardness (g/3.14mm2)
Neulchan 171 135 84 0.73 14.4 1.0 0.90 756 0.75 623 1,015
Daewonkong 176 122 85 0.58 14.4 0.90 752 0.71 665 1,072
t-valuey -0.66ns 0.97ns - - - - - - - - -0.13ns

Soybean malt and fermented soybean process-ability by ‘Neulchan’.

Cultivar Soybean malt Fermented soybean
Yield (%) Scent (1-5)z Degree of fermentation (1-5)z Yield (%) Scent (1-5)z γ-PGA (mg/g)
Neulchan 82 2 3 215 3 24.6
Daewonkong 77 3 3 217 4 21.9
t-valuey - - - -0.29ns - 0.91ns

Yield of ‘Neulchan’ in the preliminary and advanced yield trials in Miryang.

Cultivar Yield (Ton/ha) Indexx
PYT ('06)z AYT ('07-'08)y Mean
Neulchan 2.69 3.16 3.00 115
Daewonkong 2.51 2.66 2.61 100
t-valuew - - -0.70ns -

Yield of ‘Neulchan’ in the regional yield trials carried out at 9 locations.

Cropping Location Neulchan (Ton/ha) Daewonkong (Ton/ha)
2009 2010 2011 Mean Indexz 2009 2010 2011 Mean
Mono Suwon 3.11 2.53 2.29 2.64 97 3.72 2.39 2.01 2.71
Yeoncheon 3.26 2.74 2.81 2.94 106 3.19 2.29 2.83 2.77
Chuncheon 1.69 2.99 3.08 2.59 96 2.25 3.01 2.87 2.71
Mean 2.69 2.75 2.73 2.72 100 3.05 2.56 2.57 2.73
Double Miryang 3.03 2.81 3.00 2.95 102 3.06 2.92 2.68 2.89
Yesan 3.38 2.50 3.00 2.96 108 3.32 2.37 2.53 2.74
Iksan 3.00 2.60 2.90 2.83 113 2.34 2.78 2.40 2.51
Jinju 3.93 3.41 3.28 3.54 121 3.74 2.44 2.60 2.93
Cheongwon 2.52 2.77 2.40 2.56 113 1.87 2.56 2.37 2.27
Chilgok 3.77 3.68 3.28 3.58 99 4.32 3.30 3.27 3.63
Mean 3.27 2.96 2.79 3.07 108 3.11 2.73 2.53 2.83
Overall mean 3.08 2.89 2.77 2.95 106 3.09 2.67 2.54 2.79
t-valuey - - - 1.12ns - - - - -
Table 1 Qualitative characteristics of ‘Neulchan’.
Table 2 Quantitative characteristics of ‘Neulchan’ determined by regional yield trial from 2009 to 2011.

(1) Tolerant ~ (9) Susceptible.

the ratio of shattered pod by dry oven test at 40℃ for 48hr.

‘ns’ is not significantly different, and ‘*’ and ‘**’ were significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.01 and 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 3 The resistance of ‘Neulchan’ to the diseases of soybean estimated from 2009 to 2011.

(0) Tolerant ~ (9) Susceptible.

Root rot and damaged seed that were naturally infected in the field were estimated.

Reaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, (-) No symptom, (L) Local reaction, (M) Mosaic.

Table 4 Major component of seed in ‘Neulchan’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.

‘ns’ is not significantly different and ‘*’ is significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 5 Characteristics of tofu of ‘Neulchan’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.

(L) Lightness, (a) Green~Red, (b) Blue~Yellow, (ΔE) 1.5~3.0%: noticeably difference.

‘ns’ is not significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 6 Soybean malt and fermented soybean process-ability by ‘Neulchan’.

(1) Worst, (2) Bad, (3) Fair, (4) Good, (5) Best.

‘ns’ is not significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 7 Yield of ‘Neulchan’ in the preliminary and advanced yield trials in Miryang.

(PYT) preliminary yield trial.

(AYT) advanced yield trial.

(Index) mean yield of ‘Neulchan’/mean yield of ‘Daewonkong’×100.

‘ns’ is not significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 8 Yield of ‘Neulchan’ in the regional yield trials carried out at 9 locations.

(Index) mean yield of ‘Neulchan’ / mean yield of ‘Daewonkong’×100.

‘ns’ is not significantly different between ‘Neulchan’ and ‘Daewonkong’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 1

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Table 8

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