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호남평야지 재배시기별 조생종 벼 품종의 품질 및 호화점도 특성 분석

박현수*, 백만기, 이창민, 김석만, 서정필, 정오영, 조영찬

Characterization of Quality-Related Traits and Pasting Properties of Early Maturing Rice Varieties by Cultivation Times in the Honam Plain, Korea

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2021;53(1):1-15.
Published online: March 1, 2021

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea

* Corresponding Author (E-mail: mayoe@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5214, Fax: +82-63-238-5205)

Copyright © 2021 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Characterization of Quality-Related Traits and Pasting Properties of Early Maturing Rice Varieties by Cultivation Times in the Honam Plain, Korea
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(1):1-15.   Published online March 1, 2021
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Characterization of Quality-Related Traits and Pasting Properties of Early Maturing Rice Varieties by Cultivation Times in the Honam Plain, Korea
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Characterization of Quality-Related Traits and Pasting Properties of Early Maturing Rice Varieties by Cultivation Times in the Honam Plain, Korea
Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplots of quality-related traits in six early maturing rice varieties across three cultivation times. Head rice (A), chalky rice (B), damaged rice (C), broken rice (D), colored rice (E), protein content (F), amylose content (G), glossiness (H). HD: Haedeul, HDS: Haedamssal, JK: Jinkwang, JP: Jopyeong, OD: Odae, UK: Unkwang. E: early cultivation, O: ordinary cultivation, L: late cultivation.
Fig. 2 Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplots of pasting properties in six early maturing rice varieties across three cultivation times. Pasting temperature (A), peak viscosity (B), trough viscosity (C), final viscosity (D), break down (E), setback (F). HD: Haedeul, HDS: Haedamssal, JK: Jinkwang, JP: Jopyeong, OD: Odae, UK: Unkwang. E: early cultivation, O: ordinary cultivation, L: late cultivation.
Fig. 3 Correlation analysis among environmental factors and quality-related traits in early (A), ordinary (B), late (C), and total (D) cultivations. HD: heading date, CMT_g: cumulative mean temperature from seeding to heading, CMT_r: cumulative mean temperature from heading to 40 days after heading, CSH_g: cumulative sunshine hours from seeding to heading, CSH_r: cumulative sunshine hours from heading to 40 days after heading, HR: head rice, CR: chalky rice, DR: damaged rice, BR: broken rice, CoR: colored rice, PC: protein content, AC: amylose content, TY: glossiness. Blue and red color backgrounds indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively.
Fig. 4 Correlation analysis among environmental factors and pasting properties in early (A), ordinary (B), late (C), and total (D) cultivations. HD: heading date, CMT_g: cumulative mean temperature from seeding to heading, CMT_r: cumulative mean temperature from heading to 40 days after heading, CSH_g: cumulative sunshine hours from seeding to heading, CSH_r: cumulative sunshine hours from heading to 40 days after heading, PaT: pasting temperature, PV: peak viscosity, TV: trough viscosity, FV: final viscosity, BD: break down, SB: setback. Blue and red color backgrounds indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively.
Fig. 5 Principal component analysis among traits in early (A), ordinary (B), late (C), and total (T) cultivations. HD: heading date, CMT_g: cumulative mean temperature from seeding to heading, CMT_r: cumulative mean temperature from heading to 40 days after heading, CSH_g: cumulative sunshine hours from seeding to heading, CSH_r: cumulative sunshine hours from heading to 40 days after heading, HR: head rice, CR: chalky rice, DR: damaged rice, BR: broken rice, CoR: colored rice, PC: protein content, AC: amylose content, TY: glossiness, PaT: pasting temperature, PV: peak viscosity, TV: trough viscosity, FV: final viscosity, BD: break down, SB: setback. HD: Haedeul, HDS: Haedamssal, JK: Jinkwang, JP: Jopyeong, OD: Odae, UK: Unkwang.
Characterization of Quality-Related Traits and Pasting Properties of Early Maturing Rice Varieties by Cultivation Times in the Honam Plain, Korea

Heading date and climate conditions in early, ordinary, and late cultivations.

Cultivation time Variety Heading date (DASz) Cumulative mean temperature (℃) Cumulative sunshine hours (hrs.)

Growth stage Ripening stage Growth stage Ripening stage
Early Jopyeong 96dy 1,905f 1,148b 673f 311c
Odae 98c 1,951d 1,148a 687c 306d
Unkwang 98c 1,963c 1,146c 682d 312b
Haedamssal 98c 1,952e 1,144d 675e 314b
Jinkwang 100b 2,012b 1,142d 691b 314a
Haedeul 104a 2,126a 1,126e 727a 285e
Mean 99Ax 1,985A 1,142A 689A 307A
C.V.(%) 2.6 3.8 0.7 2.8 3.4
Ordinary Jopyeong 86f 1,897f 1,116a 607f 279a
Odae 88e 1,965e 1,106b 622e 268b
Unkwang 91c 2,058c 1,093d 647c 255d
Haedamssal 91d 2,033d 1,096c 640d 261c
Jinkwang 92b 2,087b 1,088e 657b 250e
Haedeul 94a 2,147a 1,072f 677a 241f
Mean 90B 2,031A 1,095B 642B 259B
C.V.(%) 3.0 3.9 1.2 3.5 4.8
Late Jopyeong 72e 1,907e 893a 499e 210e
Odae 76c 2,002c 865c 510c 212c
Unkwang 75c 2,011c 863c 511c 214c
Haedamssal 77b 2,035b 854d 512b 218b
Jinkwang 74d 1,971d 877b 505d 211d
Haedeul 78a 2,059a 844e 521a 218a
Mean 75C 1,998A 866C 510C 214C
C.V.(%) 2.7 2.5 1.9 1.2 1.9

Total 88 1,993 1,037 611 260
C.V.(%) 11.6 3.5 11.7 12.7 15.4

zDAS: days after seeding

yMeans with same letters in a column are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

xCapital letters indicate statistics different among cultivation time

F values for effects of year, cultivation time, variety, and their interactions from ANOVA on quality-related traits.

Source of variance dfz Head rice Chalky rice Damaged rice Broken rice Colored rice Protein content Amylose content Glossiness
Year (Y) 1 441.8**y 0.1ns 53.6** 183.2** 344.3** 112.4** 367.7** 870.9**
Cultivation time (T) 2 740.4** 186.6** 135.9** 246.5** 60.5** 108.2** 200.0** 837.1**
Variety (V) 5 52.9** 36.7** 17.9** 16.5** 10.4** 17.5** 13.8** 114.3**
Y*T 2 401.6** 254.4** 35.8** 186.2** 53.7** 30.1** 15.5** 372.4**
Y*V 5 3.5** 12.3** 2.3ns 1.0ns 6.2** 1.1ns 0.6ns 16.0**
T*V 10 7.0** 10.3** 4.1** 2.3* 3.5** 1.2ns 2.3* 16.0**
Y*T*V 10 8.0** 9.3** 1.9ns 3.1** 2.3* 0.9ns 0.3ns 4.4**

zdf: degree of freedom

yns, *, and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and p<0.01 by three-way ANOVA, respectively

Quality-related traits of varieties by cultivation times.

Cultivation time Variety Head rice (%) Chalky rice (%) Damaged rice (%) Broken rice (%) Colored rice (%) Protein content (%) Amylose content (%) Glossiness
Early Jopyeong 76.1az 8.2b 3.8b 11.3a 0.6a 6.1a 19.8ab 71.8a
Odae 68.3b 13.3a 2.2c 15.1a 1.2a 6.2a 21.2a 70.9a
Unkwang 75.2a 6.6b 5.5a 11.7a 0.9a 5.9a 19.8ab 70.3a
Haedamssal 79.2a 6.2b 3.4bc 9.3a 1.9a 5.8a 20.1ab 75.6a
Jinkwang 77.2a 5.5b 2.9bc 13.5a 0.9a 5.8a 19.6ab 75.3a
Haedeul 78.4a 7.1b 2.6bc 10.6a 1.3a 6.2a 18.8b 75.3a
Mean 75.7By 7.8A 3.4A 11.9A 1.1B 6.0B 19.9A 73.2C
C.V.(%) 13.9 51.2 40.8 58.8 103.6 5.5 7.8 9.6
Ordinary Jopyeong 87.9abc 1.6b 3.1a 6.8b 0.6a 6.7a 17.5a 75.4a
Odae 84.2c 4.9a 1.7a 8.7a 0.6a 6.8a 18.1a 73.2a
Unkwang 85.9bc 2.8ab 3.2a 7.5b 0.6a 6.5a 17.2a 75.3a
Haedamssal 90.1ab 2.4b 2.4a 4.5d 0.5a 6.3a 17.9a 80.8a
Jinkwang 88.9ab 3.8ab 1.4a 5.7c 0.3a 6.4a 17.4a 79.7a
Haedeul 90.9a 2.7ab 2a 4.2d 0.3a 6.8a 16.7a 75.5a
Mean 88.0A 3.0B 2.3B 6.2B 0.5C 6.6A 17.5B 76.7B
C.V.(%) 4.4 66.6 73.2 29.6 78.0 7.8 8.8 8.3
Late Jopyeong 89.7ab 4.2a 1.2a 4.1b 0.9a 7.0ab 17.3ab 78.1c
Odae 84.6c 6.2a 0.8bc 6.0a 2.4a 7.1a 17.6ab 80.2c
Unkwang 91.1a 2.1a 0.9ab 3.9b 2a 6.5cd 16.9b 84.6b
Haedamssal 87.4bc 5.6a 0.6bc 3.9b 2.6a 6.3d 18.3a 89.7a
Jinkwang 92.3a 3a 0.5c 3.1bc 1.2a 6.6bcd 17.1ab 88.5a
Haedeul 92.2a 3.5a 0.6bc 2.4c 1.5a 6.8abc 17.2ab 88.5a
Mean 89.5A 4.1B 0.8C 3.9C 1.8A 6.7A 17.4B 84.9A
C.V.(%) 4.1 97.5 48.0 38.7 98.3 5.8 6.2 5.6

Total 84.4 5.0 2.2 7.4 1.1 6.4 18.2 78.3
C.V.(%) 10.9 80.5 77.7 73.9 117.0 8.1 9.9 10.0

zMeans with same letters in a column are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

yCapital letters indicate statistics different among cultivation times

Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for quality-related traits of varieties (genotype) by cultivation time (environment).

Source of variation dfz Head rice Chalky rice Damaged rice Broken rice Colored rice Protein content Amylose content Glossiness

SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%)
Genotype (G) 5 734*y 8.2 225** 13.1 42** 14.2 206ns 6.5 12ns 6.6 4** 15.2 25* 7.1 892** 13.5
Environment (E) 2 4,114** 45.8459 ** 26.812 8** 43.1 1,231** 39.0 28** 15.4 11** 37.6 144** 41.3 2,612** 39.7
Rep 6 40ns 0.4 14ns 0.87 ns 2.5 19ns 0.6 0ns 0.2 1ns 3.7 4ns 1.1 10ns 0.2
G × E 10 195ns 2.2 127ns 7.4 20ns 6.6 58ns 1.88 ns 4.5 1ns 2.1 8ns 2.4 250ns 3.8
Residuals 84 3,892 43.4 890 51.9 100 33.7 1,640 52.0 135 73.3 12 41.4 168 48.1 2,817 42.8
AMMI PC1 6 71 73.4 44 69.8 9 89.2 22 77.0 3.0 71.9 0.3 96.0 4.0 95.8 98 78.6
AMMI PC2 4 26 26.6 19 30.2 1 10.8 7 23.0 1.2 28.1 0.0 4.0 0.2 4.2 27 21.4

zdf: degree of freedom

yns, *, and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and p<0.01 by three-way ANOVA, respectively

F values for effects of year, cultivation time, variety, and their interaction from ANOVA on pasting properties.

Source of variance dfz Pasting temperature Peak viscosity Trough viscosity Final viscosity Break down Setback
Year (Y) 1 194.2**y 14.2** 0.7ns 39.7** 10.1** 15.1**
Cultivation time (T) 2 2,857.1** 2,043.8** 352.4** 228.7** 794.6** 1,087.0**
Variety (V) 5 76.4** 58.3** 31.5** 45.2** 59.9** 118.6**
Y*T 2 234.3** 261.1** 108.3** 92.9** 51.3** 62.8**
Y*V 5 2.4* 3.0* 8.1** 7.9** 5.1** 6.4**
T*V 10 4.9** 1.6ns 4.0** 7.2** 5.3** 10.0**
Y*T*V 10 2.4* 1.8ns 1.8ns 1.6** 3.4** 4.4**

zdf: degree of freedom

yns, *, and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and p<0.01 by three-way ANOVA, respectively

Pasting properties of varieties by cultivation time.

Cultivation time Variety Pasting temperature (℃) Peak viscosity (RVU) Trough viscosity (RVU) Final viscosity (RVU) Break down (RVU) Setback (RVU)
Early Jopyeong 77.2az 269b 155ab 236ab 114b -33a
Odae 76.3b 266b 153b 228ab 113b -38a
Unkwang 77.2a 263b 149b 223bc 114b -40a
Haedamssal 75.8b 267b 130c 194d 137a -73b
Jinkwang 77.4a 295a 147b 212c 148a -83b
Haedeul 76.9a 274b 166a 238a 108b -36a
Mean 76.8Ay 272A 150A 222A 122A -50C
C.V.(%) 0.9 5.4 9.6 8.4 14.7 48.0
Ordinary Jopyeong 77.0a 258b 148ab 229b 110c -29a
Odae 75.8c 252b 140b 219bc 112c -33a
Unkwang 76.2bc 252b 143b 219bc 108c -33a
Haedamssal 74.8d 254b 128b 198d 127b -57b
Jinkwang 76.4b 282a 143b 212cd 140a -70c
Haedeul 76.0bc 270ab 163a 243a 107c -27a
Mean 76.0B 261B 144A 220A 117A -41B
C.V.(%) 1.0 6.6 12.6 8.2 12.0 44.2
Late Jopyeong 71.8a 170ab 104ab 182ab 66ab 12ab
Odae 70.5ab 156b 99b 178ab 58b 22a
Unkwang 70.8ab 168ab 104ab 187ab 64ab 19a
Haedamssal 68.6b 167ab 94b 170b 73ab 3bc
Jinkwang 71.2a 200a 122a 200a 78a 0c
Haedeul 70.3ab 184ab 115ab 198ab 69ab 14ab
Mean 70.5C 174C 106B 186B 68B 12A
C.V.(%) 2.8 16.8 17.8 12.4 19.3 95.3

Total 74.5 236 133 209 103 -27
C.V.(%) 4.1 20.7 19.5 12.4 28.1 124.1

zMeans with same letters in a column are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

yCapital letters indicate statistics different among cultivation times

Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for pasting properties of varieties (genotype) by cultivation time (environment).

Source of variation dfz Pasting temperature Peak viscosity Trough viscosity Final viscosity Break down Setback

SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%) SS Proportion (%)
Genotype (G) 5 56** 5.5 1,4829** 5.8 9,059** 12.6 14,578** 20.4 12,230** 13.7 22,114** 18.8
Environment (E) 2 839** 82.6 20,7967** 81.2 40,573** 56.4 29,487** 41.3 64,861** 72.7 81,078** 68.9
Rep 6 2ns 0.2 380ns 0.1 631ns 0.9 467ns 0.7 235ns 0.3 225ns 0.2
G×E1 0 7ns 0.7 815ns 0.3 2,298ns 3.2 4,610ns 6.5 2,148ns 2.4 3,716** 3.2
Residuals 84 112 11.0 32,224 12.6 19,402 27.0 22,278 31.2 9,714 10.9 10,514 8.9
AMMI PC1 6 3.2 89.0 349 85.7 1,057 91.9 2,106 91.4 1,019 94.8 1,776 95.6
AMMI PC2 4 0.4 11.0 58 14.3 93 8.1 199 8.6 56 5.2 82 4.4

zdf: degree of freedom

yns and ** mean no significant and significant at p<0.01 by three-way ANOVA, respectively

Table 1 Heading date and climate conditions in early, ordinary, and late cultivations.

zDAS: days after seeding

yMeans with same letters in a column are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

xCapital letters indicate statistics different among cultivation time

Table 2 F values for effects of year, cultivation time, variety, and their interactions from ANOVA on quality-related traits.

zdf: degree of freedom

yns, *, and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and p<0.01 by three-way ANOVA, respectively

Table 3 Quality-related traits of varieties by cultivation times.

zMeans with same letters in a column are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

yCapital letters indicate statistics different among cultivation times

Table 4 Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for quality-related traits of varieties (genotype) by cultivation time (environment).

zdf: degree of freedom

yns, *, and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and p<0.01 by three-way ANOVA, respectively

Table 5 F values for effects of year, cultivation time, variety, and their interaction from ANOVA on pasting properties.

zdf: degree of freedom

yns, *, and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and p<0.01 by three-way ANOVA, respectively

Table 6 Pasting properties of varieties by cultivation time.

zMeans with same letters in a column are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

yCapital letters indicate statistics different among cultivation times

Table 7 Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for pasting properties of varieties (genotype) by cultivation time (environment).

zdf: degree of freedom

yns and ** mean no significant and significant at p<0.01 by three-way ANOVA, respectively