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New Cultivar Developed

저온에서 녹기연장의 한국잔디 ‘한라그린 7’ 품종 개발

양대화1,†, 선현진1,†, 정옥철1, 강홍규1, 송인자1, 진일두1, 강시용2, 이효연1,3,*

Development of ‘Halla Green 7’: A Zoysiagrass Cultivar with Greening Period Extending Phenotype at Lower Temperatures

Dae-Hwa Yang1,†, Hyeon-Jin Sun1,†, Ok-Cheol Jeong1, Hong-Gyu Kang1, In-Ja Song1, Il-Doo Jin1, Si-Yong Kang2, Hyo-Yeon Lee1,3,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2021;53(4):458-466.
Published online: December 1, 2021

1제주대학교 아열대원예산업연구소

2공주대학교 원예학과

3제주대학교 생명공학부

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: hyoyeon@jejunu.ac.kr, Tel: +82-64-724-0706, Fax: +82-64-725-0989)

These authors equally contributed to this study as first author.

• Received: June 21, 2021   • Revised: September 25, 2021   • Accepted: September 25, 2021

Copyright © 2021 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • The ‘Halla Green 7’ cultivar is a hybrid of Zoysia matrella and Zoysia japonica. The inflorescences of Z. matrella lines were collected from Jeju Island near the border between Z. matrella and Z. japonica wild plants, respectively. After their harvest, the seeds were sown and various interspecific lines were obtained. In 2021, a line with greening period extending phenotype during the low temperatures of winter was registered under the cultivar name of ‘Halla Green 7’ (Registration No. 245). The main morphological characteristics of the ‘Halla Green 7’ variety are as follows: genetically short length of plant (12.2±0.58 cm), very wide angle of leaf (68.6°), short length of leaf blade (8.38±0.37 cm), medium-leaf (3.29±0.09 mm), and very low leaf sheath (2.18±0.19 cm). The short length of leaf sheath makes it easy to manage the turf grass with low height. A very wide leaf angle has a high photosynthetic efficiency. The ‘Halla Green 7’ cultivar is morphologically classified as Z. matrella×Z. japonica hybrid line by medium-width of leaf blade and the presence of trichomes on the leaf surface. The colors of the leaf blade, leaf sheath, and stolon are green, light green, and light purple, respectively. During the low temperature period of winter, chlorophyll content of the leaves of ‘Halla Green 7’ shows a 10.1-fold from that of the control Z. japonia ‘Yaji’ and about 4.2-fold from that of the control Z. matrella Zm-6. This greening period extending phenotype is expected to contribute to the industrialization of zoysiagrass (Registration No. 245).
  • Keywords: extension of the greening period; Halla Green 7; Z. matrella X Z. japonica; zoysiagrass
한국잔디류는 화본과의 Zoysia 속 Zoysiagrass이며, 온대 및 열대 기후의 아시아 지역인 한국 및 일본, 중국, 태국, 필리핀 등의 아시아 지역에 널리 자생하는 대표적인 난지형 잔디이다. 이러한 한국잔디류는 도로변 및 경사면, 신도시, 공원, 학교운동장, 스포츠 경기장, 골프장, 정원 등의 다양한 장소에 식재되고 있는 중요한 원예작물이며 그 이용 범위가 확대되고 있다(Bae et al. 2013, Hyun et al. 2012, Sun et al. 2010, Yu et al. 1974). 난지형 잔디인 한국잔디류는 추위에 강한 서양의 한지형 잔디에 비해 건조, 염분, 병해충, 한여름의 고온 등에 강하고 내답압성이 높은 특성이 있지만 가을 및 겨울의 10℃ 이하 저온에서는 황색 잎으로 노화되기 때문에 저온에서 노화지연되는 녹기연장 형질의 한국잔디가 필요하다(Bae et al. 2010, Bae et al. 2013, Chung et al. 2013, Hyun et al. 2012, Kim & Lee 2010, Lee et al. 2013, Li et al. 2006, Sun et al. 2010, Yu et al. 1974). 미국의 잔디 육종의 경우 한국으로부터 한국잔디류의 수집, 교배 및 선발육종, 방사선돌연변이육종법 등으로 제니스 등의 다양한 한국잔디류를 품종화하여 활발하게 산업화해왔으며(Choi & Yang 2006, Hyun et al. 2012, Jang et al. 2011, Li et al. 2006, Sun et al. 2010), 국내에서는 수집, 교배육종, 방사선돌연변이육종법 등으로 품종 육성 연구가 수행되어 왔으며 들잔디 ‘야지’, ‘안양중지’, ‘삼덕중지’, ‘세녹’, ‘밀록’, ‘한라그린1’, ‘한라그린2’ 등의 한국잔디 신품종을 개발해 왔으나, 해외에 비해 그 수가 적다(Bae et al. 2013, Choi et al. 1997, Choi & Yang 2004, 2006, Song et al. 2017, Yang et al. 2016). 본 연구팀은 녹기연장 형질 등의 우수 형질의 한국잔디를 개발하기 위해서 2012년부터 최근까지 한국의 국립공원 산, 동해안 및 서해안, 남해안의 해안가와 섬에 자생하는 한국잔디 유전자원 약 620점의 영양체 및 종자를 수집하여 제주대학교 아열대원예산업연구소 유전자원 시험포장과 비닐온실에서 보존 및 재배, 증식을 수행하고 있다. 들잔디(Zoysia japonica), 금잔디(Zoysia matrella), 갯잔디(Zoysia sinica) 등의 한국잔디류 유전자원 중에서 가을 및 겨울의 저온에서 녹기연장(저온에서 노화지연) 형질의 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종 4점을 선발하였으며, 이 중에서 1개체의 품종명칭을 ‘한라그린 7 (Halla Green 7)’으로 명명하여 2017년에 품종보호 출원하여 2021년 최종 품종보호 등록되었고 그 육성경위와 주요특성을 보고하고자 한다.
육성경위
한국잔디류는 타가수정작물로 주로 영양번식으로 증식되어 사각형 모양의 뗏장 형태로 판매 되는 작물이다. 일반적으로 따뜻한 4월부터 9월까지 비닐온실 및 포장에서 녹색 잎을 띄며 잘 재배되지만, 가을 및 겨울의 10℃ 이하 저온에서는 황색 잎으로 노화되는 특성이 있어 저온에서 노화지연되는 녹기연장 형질의 한국잔디가 요구된다. 국내에서 한국잔디류를 수집하여 보존 및 증식, 선발 후 녹기연장(저온에서 노화지연) 형질로 최종 선발된 ‘한라그린 7’은 들잔디 계통과 좀 더 비슷한 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종이다. 다양한 한국잔디류는 대체로 타가수정 작물이지만 개화시기가 같지 않아 교배가 쉽지 않기 때문에 자연적으로 교잡 가능성이 있는 자생지를 조사하였으며, 2012년 제주도 제주시 오라동에서 들잔디와 금잔디 자생지의 경계선 부근에 자생하는 금잔디 계통의 화서(꽃기관) 70개를 수집하였으며, 수집된 금잔디 화서에서 종자 500개를 확보하였다. 2013년 3월부터 5월기간에는 종자를 저온처리 후 원형화분 당 1개씩 종자 총 500개를 파종하여 총 53개체의 잔디를 확보하였으며, 2013년 10월에 53개체 잔디의 기초형질 특성평가를 수행하여 초장이 짧고 엽폭이 좁은 금잔디 계통부터 초장이 길고 엽폭이 넓은 들잔디 계통까지 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종을 1차 분류하였다. 2014년 12월부터 2016년 6월까지 비닐온실 안에서 재배 중인 53개체 중에서 매년 10월부터 2월말까지 녹색 잎으로 녹기가 남아 있는 녹기연장 형질의 잔디 4개체를 선발하였다. 2016년 7월부터 2017년 5월 기간에는 선발된 4개체를 온실에서 시험포장으로 이식하여 수집된 다른 들잔디 및 금잔디, 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종에 비해 겨울기간 동안 녹기연장을 재확인하였으며, 이중 1개체를 품종명칭을 ‘한라그린 7’으로 명명하였다. 총 육성기간은 2013년부터 2017년 기간 동안 재배 및 관찰되었으며, 제주대학교 온실 및 포장에서 육성 및 특성조사를 수행하여 2017년 9월에 최종 ‘한라그린 7 (Halla Green 7)’ 잔디의 품종보호 출원서를 제출하였고, 국립산림품종관리센터에서 잔디 재배 및 특성조사 등 심사를 수행한 후 2021년 5월에 산림청 국립산림품종관리센터로부터 최종 품종보호권등록을 통보받았다(2021-품종보호권 등록번호 제 245호)(Fig. 1).
표현형 특성조사 방법
잔디 주요 형질의 외부형태학적 특성조사는 2017년 5월에 제주대학교 시험포장(Fig. 2)에서 재배 중인 잔디를 대상으로 종자산업법에 의한 ‘산림청 국립산림품종관리센터의 잔디특성조사요령’ 기준에 따라 품종 특성조사를 수행하였다. 생육특성조사는 잔디의 주요 형태적 특성인 초장, 엽신 길이, 엽신 너비(엽폭), 엽신 녹색 착색정도, 엽신의 털(엽털) 유무, 엽초 길이, 엽초 색, 기엽 길이, 기엽 너비, 엽신과 기엽과의 각도, 포복경 길이, 포복경 굵기, 포복경 색 등을 조사하였다. 전자자 및 각도계를 이용하여 길이 및 굵기, 엽신과 기엽과의 잎 각도를 측정하였다. 잔디 특성조사요령에 따라 길이는 ‘매우 낮다 또는 매우 짧다, 짧다, 중간, 높다 또는 길다, 매우 높다 또는 매우 길다’로 ‘cm’ 단위로 측정하여 평가되었으며, 너비는 ‘매우 좁다, 좁다, 중간, 넓다, 매우 넓다’로 ‘mm’ 단위로 측정하여 평가되었다. 통계처리를 위해 각 잔디별 길이 및 굵기는 5반복 이상을 측정하였으며 평균과 표준오차로 정리하였다. 엽신 표면 및 이면의 털 유무는 실체현미경(Nikon SMZ18, Japan)을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 각 잔디 색은 ‘Royal horticultural society’ 회사의 RHS mini colour chart를 이용하여 잔디 잎과 비교 분석하여 색을 구별하였다.
양적형질 중에서 종 식별을 위하여 가장 중요하며 쉽게 사용될 주요 형질은 엽신 너비(엽폭)의 크기이며, 전형적인 들잔디 계통의 엽폭은 약 4~6 mm이고 금잔디 계통의 엽폭은 약 1.9~2 mm이기 때문에(Yang et al. 1995), ‘한라그린 7’의 외부형태학적 분류는 주요 형질인 엽폭 크기에 의하여 분류하였다. ‘한라그린 7’은 2012년 제주도 오라동에서 야생 들잔디 자생지와 야생 금잔디 자생지의 경계선 부근의 금잔디의 화서를 수집하여 육성되었으며, ‘한라그린 7’은 금잔디와 들잔디의 중간 형질을 보이는 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종이기 때문에, 각 특성조사 및 외부형태학적 분류의 대조구는 들잔디 ‘야지(Yaji)’ 및 금잔디6을 사용하여 ‘한라그린 7’과 비교분석 되었다. 이러한 들잔디 ‘야지’ 및 금잔디6은 국내에서 야생 한국잔디의 수집 및 보존, 특성평가, 분양 등의 책임기관인 산림청 국립산림품종관리센터에 한국의 야생 유전자원으로 등록된 한국잔디류이다. 들잔디 ‘야지’는 한국의 대표 들잔디(Z. japonica)로 국내에서 많이 이용되고 있는 광엽형(엽폭 4 mm 이상) 한국잔디류이며, ‘안양중지’(특허등록: 특1998-065022) 및 ‘베네스트 쓰리’(특허등록: 특2002-0042337), ‘용천’(특허등록: 10-2009-0121633), ‘장성초록’(특허등록: 10-1499583), ‘장성샛별’(특허등록: 10-2014-0147293) 등의 한국잔디류의 신품종 개발 및 특허 등록, 품종판별 위한 분자마커 개발시 대조품종으로 사용되어 왔다(Chung et al. 2013a, 2013b, Kim 2016, Lee et al. 2013). 또한, 대조구 금잔디6는 품종보호 출원 후 품종보호 등록 심사를 위하여 품종보호 재배 심사기관에서 ‘한라그린 7’의 금잔디 계통 대조구로 선정되었다. 본 연구실에서는 전국의 국립공원 산 및 해안가, 내륙, 섬 등에서 야생 들잔디 및 금잔디 등의 한국잔디류를 수집, 보존, 특성평가, 분류동정, 신품종 육종, 산업화 등을 수행해 왔으며, 그 중에서 금잔디6은 전국에서 수집된 금잔디 중에서 6번째 금잔디로 아직 품종명은 없으며, 제주도 아라동에서 수집되어 ‘한라그린 7’의 모본인 금잔디와 수집지역이 제주도로 비슷하여 대조구로 사용되었다.
엽록소 함량 분석
대조품종 및 ‘한라그린 7’의 녹기연장 확인을 위해 비닐온실에서 2015년 4월부터 2016년 3월, 시험포장에서 2016년 8월부터 2017년 2월까지 여름부터 겨울기간 동안 잔디를 관찰 및 잔디 사진 촬영, 2017년 1월 18일 잎의 엽록소 함량을 분석하였다. 엽록소 함량 분석은 잔디 영양체의 신초로부터 2 또는 3번째 잎을 약 10 mg 정도로 잘라 정확한 무게 측정 후, 액체질소를 이용하여 급속냉동하여 1.7 mL 마이크로튜브에서 곱게 분쇄 후 신속하게 80% 아세톤 용액(최종 농도 아세톤 80%와 2.5 mM sodium phosphate pH7.8의 혼합액) 1 mL을 각 튜브에 넣어 vortex 하였으며 4℃에서 암처리 3일 후 7000 rpm 및 4℃에서 5분 동안 원심분리 후 각 튜브를 얼음에 꽂고 빛 차단 후 재빨리 튜브에서 0.2 mL 상층액만 spectrophotometer 기기 이용하여 646.6 nm와 663.6 nm에서 3반복 엽록소 함량을 측정하였다(Porra et al. 1989). 각 엽록소 함량은 chlorophyll a+chlorophyll b (nmoL/mL/g)={(19.54 * 646.6 nm 값)+(8.29 * 663.6 nm 값)}/(무게 g)으로 계산하였으며, 최종 엽록소 함량은 평균과 표준오차로 정리하였다(Porra et al. 1989). 겨울기간동안 육안으로 녹기연장을 보이고 엽록소 함량이 높은 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종을 최종 선발하여 품종보호 출원하였다.
한라그린 7의 형태적 특성
본 연구팀에서 육성한 ‘한라그린 7 (Halla Green 7)’의 주요 형태학적 특성 분석은 ‘산림청 국립산림품종관리센터의 잔디특성조사요령’ 기준에 의해 대조품종 들잔디 Z. japonica ‘야지(Yaji)’ 및 대조구 금잔디6 (Zm-6)과 그 특성을 비교 분석 하였다. 잔디의 주요 특성인 초장(plant height), 잎, 잎 각도, 포복경, 색, 엽털 유무 등을 비교 분석하여 특성조사 하였다. 초장의 경우 ‘한라그린 7’은 12.2±0.58 cm로 짧으며, 초장이 다른 들잔디에 비해 짧은 대조품종 ‘야지’의 13.34±0.49 cm보다 ‘한라그린 7’이 약 1.09배 짧고, 대조구 금잔디6의 초장 7.24±0.27 cm보다 ‘한라그린 7’은 약 1.7배 길어(Table 1, Fig. 3A), ‘한라그린 7’의 초장은 대조품종 들잔디 ‘야지’에 더 가깝다. 지면에서 첫 번째 잎까지의 높이인 엽초(sheath length)는 ‘한라그린 7’의 경우 2.18±0.19 cm로 낮으며 ‘야지’의 1.83±0.19 cm보다 약 1.2배 길고 금잔디6의 엽초인 1.48±0.24 cm보다 약 1.5배 길다(Table 1). 엽신의 길이(leaf blade length)는 ‘한라그린 7’이 8.38±0.37 cm로 짧으며 ‘야지’의 10.79±0.53 cm에 비해서는 약 1.3배 짧고 금잔디6의 4.51±0.25 cm보다 약 1.9배 길며, 엽신 너비(엽폭: leaf blade width)는 ‘한라그린 7’이 3.29±0.09 mm로 중간값이며 ‘야지’의 5.31±0.19 mm보다 약 1.6배 짧고 금잔디6의 2.18±0.09 mm보다 약 1.5배 길다(Table 1). 기엽 길이(flag leaf length)는 ‘한라그린 7’이 6.37±0.52 cm으로 짧으며 ‘야지’의 6.74±0.64 cm보다 약 1.1배 짧고 금잔디6의 4.46±0.31 cm 비해 약 1.4배 길고, 기엽 너비(flag leaf width)는 ‘한라그린 7’이 1.96±0.15 cm로 매우 좁으며 ‘야지’의 1.78±0.41 mm보다 약 1.1배, 금잔디6의 1.30±0.16 cm보다 약 1.5배 길다(Table 1). 한국잔디류는 주로 포복경으로 영양번식하여 증식하기 때문에 포복경의 길이도 특성조사 하였다. 포복경의 3번째 마디 길이(third internode length of stolon)는 ‘한라그린 7’이 4.75±0.38 cm로 길으며 ‘야지’의 2.52±0.24 cm에 비해서 약 1.9배, 금잔디6의 2.13±0.13 cm에 비해서 약 2.23배 길었다(Table 1, Fig. 3B). 잎 각도(leaf angle)는 ‘한라그린 7’은 68.6도로 매우 넓으며 ‘야지’의 37.3도에 비해 약 1.83배 넓고 금잔디6의 70.8도보다 약 1.03배 좁다(Table 1). ‘한라그린 7’의 형태적 특성 중 주요 특성인 초장, 엽신의 길이 및 너비가 대조구 금잔디6보다 대조품종 들잔디 ‘야지’와 더 가깝다. 엽초 길이는 길수록 잔디 예고 높이를 짧게 깎을 수 없기 때문에 관리하기 쉽지 않으나(Choi & Yang 2004, 2006), ‘한라그린 7’의 엽초 길이의 경우 예고 높이가 낮아 잔디 관리에 유리하다. 잎 각도가 넓을수록 광합성 효율이 높기 때문에(Choi & Yang 2006), ‘한라그린 7’의 잎 각도가 넓어 광합성 효율이 높을 것으로 기대된다. ‘야지’, 금잔디6, ‘한라그린 7’의 엽신 색은 녹색이며, 엽초 색이 모두 연녹색이고, 포복경은 연보라색이다(Table 1, Fig. 3B). 엽털의 경우 ‘야지’는 앞뒤 모두 존재하며, 금잔디6의 경우 앞면에 거의 드물게 털이 있고, ‘한라그린 7’은 앞면에만 털이 존재한다(Table 1). 대체로 금잔디는 엽털이 없으며, 들잔디에서는 잎 앞뒤면에 엽털이 존재하며 엽폭이 넓을수록 엽털이 많다고 보고되었는데(Yang et al. 1995), ‘한라그린 7’은 엽폭이 금잔디6과 들잔디 ‘야지’의 중간값이며 앞면에만 엽털이 있어 들잔디와 금잔디의 중간형질로 판단된다.
들잔디 및 금잔디 등의 한국잔디류의 주요 외부형태학적 분류 형질은 주로 엽신 너비(엽폭)이며 엽폭은 양적형질 중에서 가장 쉽고 중요한 종 식별 형질로 엽폭의 크기가 들잔디의 경우 약 4~6 mm, 금잔디의 경우 약 1.9~2 mm이다(Yang et al. 1995). ‘한라그린 7’의 경우 야생 들잔디 및 금잔디 자생지의 경계선 부근에서 금잔디의 화서를 수집하여 육성되었고, ‘한라그린 7’은 엽폭이 3.29 mm로 금잔디에 비해 엽폭이 넓고 들잔디보다는 엽폭이 좁아 금잔디와 들잔디의 중간형질을 보였다(Table 1). 이러한 결과는 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종의 경우 엽폭의 크기가 중간형질을 나타냈다는 기존 보고와 유사한 결과를 나타냈다(Hong & Yeam 1985). 또한, 본 특성조사 결과에서 초장 및 엽신의 길이, 엽신 너비(엽폭), 기엽 길이의 경우 ‘한라그린 7’은 대조구 금잔디6보다 길고 대조품종 들잔디 ‘야지’보다 짧아 금잔디와 들잔디의 중간형질이거나 ‘야지’와 더 가까운 특성을 보였으며, 잎 각도에서만 금잔디6에 더 가까운 특성을 나타냈기 때문에, ‘한라그린 7’은 들잔디와 금잔디의 형질을 모두 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다(Table 1). 따라서, 이상의 결과로 ‘한라그린 7’은 들잔디 계통에 더 가까운 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종으로 분류된다.
녹기연장 특성을 보이는 ‘한라그린 7’
들잔디 및 금잔디 등의 난지형 한국잔디류는 10℃ 이하의 저온기간인 제주도 가을의 10월부터 잎 색이 녹색에서 황색으로 노화되기 시작하여 그 다음해의 초 봄인 3월 중순까지 황색 잎을 유지하다가 3월 중순 쯤부터 녹색의 신초가 올라오기 시작한다. 저온에서 노화 지연되는 녹기연장 형질 평가의 주된 요인은 가을 및 겨울기간의 10℃ 이하 저온에서 잎 색이 녹색에서 황색으로 변하지 않고 녹색계통으로 잎 색의 녹기가 연장 되는지 확인하고 그 잎으로부터 엽록소 함량 분석을 수행하는 것이다. 대조품종 및 ‘한라그린 7’의 녹기연장 확인을 위해 비닐온실에서 2015년 4월~2016년 3월, 시험포장에서 2016년 8월~2017년 2월까지 여름부터 겨울기간 동안 잔디를 관찰 및 잔디 사진 촬영, 2017년 1월 잎의 엽록소 함량을 분석하여 녹기연장을 확인하였다. ‘한라그린 7’의 겨울기간 동안 녹기연장 특성을 나타내는지 2016년 2월에 비닐온실에서 잎의 색을 관찰한 결과, 수집하여 보존중인 한국잔디류 및 대조품종 들잔디 ‘야지’, 대조구 금잔디6는 봄부터 가을까지 녹색 잎을 유지하다가 겨울의 저온기간 동안 제주대학교의 비닐온실에서 황색 잎으로 노화된 반면에(Figs. 4A, 4B), ‘한라그린 7’은 겨울의 저온기간 동안에도 녹색 잎으로 녹기가 유지되었다(Fig. 4C). 또한, 2016년 2월에 비닐온실에서 잎의 색을 관찰하여 녹기연장된 잔디를 선발하여 포장에 이식하여 증식 후 2017년 1월에 시험포장에서 잎의 색을 관찰한 결과, 2017년 12월 및 1월의 제주대학교 시험포장에서도 대조품종에 비해 ‘한라그린 7’은 녹기연장의 특성이 나타났으며, 2월까지도 약간의 녹기가 남아 있음을 확인하였다(Figs. 5A, 5B). 녹기연장 특성을 수치화하기 위하여 1월 18일에 사진촬영 후 샘플링하여 대조품종 들잔디 ‘야지(Yaji)’, 대조구 금잔디6 (Zm-6) 및 ‘한라그린 7 (Halla Green 7)’의 엽록소 함량을 Porra 등(1989)의 방법으로 분석한 결과, 저온기간 동안 ‘한라그린 7’의 엽록소 함량(1946.7±619 nmol/mL/g)이 대조품종 ‘야지’(192.7±72 nmol/mL/g)에 비해 약 10.1배, 대조구 금잔디6 (458.2±243 nmol/mL/g)에 비해 4.2배 높아 녹기연장을 나타냈다(Fig. 6). 따라서, ‘한라그린 7’ 품종은 겨울기간 동안 저온에서 녹기연장 특성을 보이는 녹기연장된 형질의 한국잔디 신품종으로 한국잔디류 산업화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
재배상 유의사항
점질 토양에서 재배하는 것은 배수가 불량하여 좋지 않으며, 종자번식보다는 포복경을 이용한 영양번식으로 증식이 좋기 때문에 전국의 넓은 평야지에서 재배가 가능하다.
본 육성품종 ‘한라그린 7’은 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종인 한국잔디류 품종으로, 육성 경위는 제주도 지역에 자생하는 야생 금잔디 및 들잔디 계통의 경계선 부근에서 금잔디 계통 화서를 수집하고, 종자 수확 후 파종하여 금잔디 계통으로부터 들잔디 계통의 다양한 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종을 확보하였다. 비닐온실 및 시험포장에 이식 후 녹기연장을 보이는 잔디를 선발하였으며, 수집되어 보존중인 한국잔디류에 비해 겨울기간 동안 녹기연장을 보이는 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종을 최종 선발하여 품종명칭을 ‘한라그린 7 (Halla Green 7)’으로 명명하고 2017년 품종보호권을 출원 신청하여 2021년 5월에 품종보호등록(품종보호 제 245호, 2021.05.14~2041.05.13) 되었다. ‘한라그린 7’ 품종의 주요 형태적 특성은 초장이 12.2±0.58 cm로 짧은 편이고, 엽신의 길이는 8.38±0.37 cm로 짧은 편이며, 엽신 너비는 3.29±0.09 mm로 중간값이며, 엽초 길이가 2.18±0.19 cm로 낮고, 잎 각도는 68.6도로 매우 넓다. ‘한라그린 7’은 표면에 엽털이 존재하며, 엽신 너비가 중간값으로 외부형태학적으로 금잔디와 들잔디의 교잡종으로 분류되며, 엽신 및 엽초, 포복경의 색은 각각 녹색, 연녹색, 연보라색이다. 특히 ‘한라그린 7’은 겨울의 저온기간 동안 잎의 엽록소 함량이 대조품종 ‘야지(Yaji)’보다 약 10.1배, 대조구 금잔디6 (Zm-6)에 비해 4.2배로 높으며 녹기연장 특성을 보여 녹기연장된 특성의 한국잔디류 신품종으로 한국잔디 산업화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
본 논문은 산림청 국립산림품종관리센터 산림생명자원관리기관사업 및 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업임(No. 2016R1A6A1A03012862; No. 2019R1A6A1A11052070).
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Halla Green 7’ zoysiagrass cultivar.
KJBS-53-458-f1.tif
Fig. 2
The ‘Yaji’ control, Zm-6 control and ‘Halla Green 7’ in the Jeju National University field on May 30, 2017.
KJBS-53-458-f2.tif
Fig. 3
The photograph of plant height (A) and stolon (B) of ‘Yaji’ control, Zm-6 control and ‘Halla Green 7’ on May 30, 2017.
KJBS-53-458-f3.tif
Fig. 4
Zoysiagrasses in the green houses. (A) April 28, 2015, (B) and (C) February 26, 2016. ‘Halla Green 7’ of the greening period extending phenotype.
KJBS-53-458-f4.tif
Fig. 5
The ‘Yaji’ control, Zm-6 control and ‘Halla Green 7’ in the field. (A) indicated zoysiagrasses from August 2016 to February 2017. (B) indicated ‘Halla Green 7’ of greening period extending phenotype during the low temperatures of winter compared to the control plants.
KJBS-53-458-f5.tif
Fig. 6
Chlorophyll concentration of ‘Yaji’ control, Zm-6 control and ‘Halla Green 7’ on January 18, 2017.
KJBS-53-458-f6.tif
Table 1
Morphological traits of ‘Halla Green 7’.
Table 1
Variety Sheath length (cm) Leaf blade length (cm) Leaf blade width (mm) Leaf angle (°) Flag leaf length (cm) Flag leaf width (mm) Plant height (cm)
‘Yaji’ control (Z. japonica) 1.83±0.19z 1.0.79±0.53 5.31±0.19 37.3±2.80 6.74±0.64 1..78±0.41 13.34±0.49
Zm-6 control (Z. matrella) 1.48±0.24 4.51±0.25 2.18±0.09 70.8±3.68 4.46±0.31 1..30±0.16 7.24±0.27
‘Halla Green 7’ cultivar (Z. matrella×Z. japonica) 2.18±0.19 8.38±0.37 3.29±0.09 68.6±1.33 6.37±0.52 1..96±0.15 12.2±0.58
Variety Third internode length of stolon (cm) Sheath color Leaf blade color Stolon color Trichome on leaf
‘Yaji’ control (Z. japonica) 2.52±0.24 Light green Green Light purple Both adaxial and abaxial
Zm-6 control (Z. matrella) 2.13±0.13 Light green Green Light purple Rare adaxial
‘Halla Green 7’ cultivar (Z. matrella×Z. japonica) 4.75±0.38 Light green Green Light purple Adaxial

zThe results represent the means±SE of values obtained from five experiments.

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Development of ‘Halla Green 7’: A Zoysiagrass Cultivar with Greening Period Extending Phenotype at Lower Temperatures
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(4):458-466.   Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2021.53.4.458
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Development of ‘Halla Green 7’: A Zoysiagrass Cultivar with Greening Period Extending Phenotype at Lower Temperatures
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(4):458-466.   Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2021.53.4.458
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Development of ‘Halla Green 7’: A Zoysiagrass Cultivar with Greening Period Extending Phenotype at Lower Temperatures
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Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Halla Green 7’ zoysiagrass cultivar.
Fig. 2 The ‘Yaji’ control, Zm-6 control and ‘Halla Green 7’ in the Jeju National University field on May 30, 2017.
Fig. 3 The photograph of plant height (A) and stolon (B) of ‘Yaji’ control, Zm-6 control and ‘Halla Green 7’ on May 30, 2017.
Fig. 4 Zoysiagrasses in the green houses. (A) April 28, 2015, (B) and (C) February 26, 2016. ‘Halla Green 7’ of the greening period extending phenotype.
Fig. 5 The ‘Yaji’ control, Zm-6 control and ‘Halla Green 7’ in the field. (A) indicated zoysiagrasses from August 2016 to February 2017. (B) indicated ‘Halla Green 7’ of greening period extending phenotype during the low temperatures of winter compared to the control plants.
Fig. 6 Chlorophyll concentration of ‘Yaji’ control, Zm-6 control and ‘Halla Green 7’ on January 18, 2017.

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Development of ‘Halla Green 7’: A Zoysiagrass Cultivar with Greening Period Extending Phenotype at Lower Temperatures

Morphological traits of ‘Halla Green 7’.

Variety Sheath length (cm) Leaf blade length (cm) Leaf blade width (mm) Leaf angle (°) Flag leaf length (cm) Flag leaf width (mm) Plant height (cm)
‘Yaji’ control (Z. japonica) 1.83±0.19z 1.0.79±0.53 5.31±0.19 37.3±2.80 6.74±0.64 1..78±0.41 13.34±0.49
Zm-6 control (Z. matrella) 1.48±0.24 4.51±0.25 2.18±0.09 70.8±3.68 4.46±0.31 1..30±0.16 7.24±0.27
‘Halla Green 7’ cultivar (Z. matrella×Z. japonica) 2.18±0.19 8.38±0.37 3.29±0.09 68.6±1.33 6.37±0.52 1..96±0.15 12.2±0.58
Variety Third internode length of stolon (cm) Sheath color Leaf blade color Stolon color Trichome on leaf
‘Yaji’ control (Z. japonica) 2.52±0.24 Light green Green Light purple Both adaxial and abaxial
Zm-6 control (Z. matrella) 2.13±0.13 Light green Green Light purple Rare adaxial
‘Halla Green 7’ cultivar (Z. matrella×Z. japonica) 4.75±0.38 Light green Green Light purple Adaxial
Table 1 Morphological traits of ‘Halla Green 7’.

zThe results represent the means±SE of values obtained from five experiments.

Table 1

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