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New Cultivar Developed

고온피해와 도복에 강하여 재배 안전성이 높은 인삼 품종 ‘선명’

이준수*, 김윤수, 심성례, 박철수

‘Sunmyoung’: A Variety with High Production Stability Due to Its Resistance Against High Temperature and Lodging Stresses

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2021;53(4):475-481.
Published online: December 1, 2021

인삼공사 R&D본부

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: cbmleejs@kgc.co.kr, Tel: +82-42-870-3133, Fax: +82-42-870-3177)
• Received: July 14, 2021   • Revised: July 26, 2021   • Accepted: October 3, 2021

Copyright © 2021 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • ‘Sunmyoung’ is a high-yielding variety that is resistant to damage from lodging and high temperatures. Out of the 30 lines collected from a farmhouse in Yeoju in 2001, individual plants of ‘Sunmyoung’ were selected from a testing plot with artificial high-temperature stress and were further bred using the pure line separation breeding method. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were conducted in Suwon and Yeoju from 2005-2013, and regional adaptability trials were conducted in Yeoju and Anseong from 2014-2016. The rates of high-temperature stress for two- and three-year old ‘Sunmyoung’ were lower than those of the ‘Sunil’ variety by 46.2% and 34.1%, respectively. The length of the stem and small leaflets of Sunmyoung were 6.2 cm and 5.1 cm shorter than those of Sunil, and the width of the leaflets was shorter than that of Sunil by 3.9 cm-indicating a higher resistance of ‘Sunmyoung’ against lodging damage. In the regional adaptability test, the yield of Sunmyoung was 523 kg/10a, which was 5% higher than that of ‘Sunil’ (498 kg/10a). The content of ginsenoside in ‘Sunmyoung’ was 19.2 mg/g, which was lower than that of ‘Sunil’ (22.38 mg/g). Since ‘Sunmyoung’ is more resistant to high temperature stress (than ‘Sunil’), lodging stress, Rhizoctonia solani, and Alternaria panax leaf spot, and has a decent production stability with higher yields, it is expected to contribute towards the quality improvement of raw materials in ginseng production (Registration No. 7495).
예로부터 우리나라는 약식동원(藥食洞原)이라 하여 개인의 건강에 대한 관심이 매우 높고, 사회⋅경제적 향상에 따라 건강기능식품류의 구매와 소비가 증가하고 있다. 국내 성인 중 중년기의 58.9%가 건강기능식품류를 섭취하며, 현재 판매중인 고시형 건강기능식품 32품목 중 인삼과 홍삼제품의 소비 비율이 19.7%와 29.1%로 가장 높다(Kim et al. 2010).
인삼(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)은 면역력 증강, 피로회복, 항산화 작용, 갱년기 증상 완화, 당뇨병 및 기억력 개선의 효능을 지닌 약용작물이며 특히 고려인삼의 우수성은 전세계적으로 알려져 있다(Baeg & So 2013). 인삼의 수출액은 2018년 187,920천$에서 2019년 210,277 천$로 10.6%가 증가되었다. 그러나 인삼의 재배면적은 2018년 15,452 ha에서 2019년 14,770 ha로 4.6%로 낮아지는 추세이다(MAFRA 2020). 이러한 이유는 인삼 초작지의 고갈과 온난화로 인한 재배적지의 감소가 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 인삼은 음지성 작물로 고온피해 시 잎의 엽록소가 파괴되고 조기낙엽으로 인해 뿌리의 전분축적이 저하되며 수량이 58.5%나 감소 된다고 하였다(Lee et al. 2010). 향후 온난화로 인해 국내 인삼 재배적지는 해발 700~800 m에서만 가능할 것으로 예측하고 있다(Lee et al. 2012). 이러한 이유로 인삼재배 적지의 감소를 최소화하기 위해 고온피해에 잘 견디는 품종의 개발이 필요하다.
국내에서 현재까지 개발된 인삼 품종을 살펴보면 2002년 수삼의 체형이 우수한 ‘천풍’(Kwon et al. 1998), 생산량이 높은 ‘연풍’(Kwon et al. 2000)이 최초로 등록되었다. 이외에 유효성분 함량이 높은 ‘고풍’(Kwon et al. 2003), 황숙종 중에서 적변에 강하고 뿌리의 체형이 좋은 ‘금풍’, 홍삼 특이향이 많은 ‘선향’, 청경종 중 다수확성이며 적변에 민감하여 생리 연구용으로 적합한 ‘청선’(Lee et al. 2015), 염류 피해에 잘 견디고 다수확성인 ‘천량’이 개발되었다(Kim et al. 2013, Bang et al. 2020). 고온에 강한 인삼 품종으로 ‘선일’이 개발 되었으나 도복에 약하여 재배 용이성이 낮다. 따라서 고온피해와 도복에 강해 재배가 용이한 품종 ‘선명’의 육성내력과 주요특성에 대해 소개하고자 한다.
육성경위
‘선명’은 고온피해와 도복에 강하고 수량성이 높은 인삼 품종 개발이 목적이다. 이를 위해 2001년 경기도 여주의 산지 자경종 집단에서 30개체를 수집하였다. 수집한 개체들을 수원시험장 생물자원연구소 고온검정 시험구에서 인위적으로 고온피해를 유발시켜 고온에 강한 1개체 ‘Y25’를 선발하여 순계분리육종법으로 육성한 품종이다. 2004년까지 특성검정을 실시 한 후 ‘H25’로 명명하였다. 2005년부터 2008년까지 경기도 수원에서 생산력검정 예비시험을, 2009년부터 2012년까지 여주에서 생산력검정 본시험을 진행하였으며 고온피해와 도복에 강한 특성과 균일성이 인정되어 계통명 ‘01025’로 명명하고, 2013년부터 2016년까지 경기도 여주와 안성에서 지역적응성시험 결과 고온피해, 도복에 강한 재현성과 다수확성 및 재배 안전성이 높이 평가되어 2017년 ‘선명’으로 명명하고 국립종자원에 품종 보호권을 출원하였고 2019년에 등록되었다(Fig. 1).
생산력검정시험 및 지역적응성시험
생산력검정시험은 2005~2008년 생산력검정예비시험을 경기도 수원 시험포장에서 1.62 m2에 63본(7행×9열)을 식재하고 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 2009~2012년 생산력검정본시험을 경기도 여주 시험포장에서 3.24 m2에 126본을 식재하고 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다.
지역적응성시험은 2013~2016년까지 경기 여주와 안성 농가포장에서 실시하였고 식재방법은 4.86 m2에 189본을 식재하고 3반복 난괴법으로 배치하였다. 대조품종은 고온피해에 강한 품종으로 등록된 ‘선일’과 비교하였다. 기타 재배법은 농촌진흥청 인삼표준재배법에 준하였다(RDA 2009). 생육 및 주요 특성은 인삼 품종등록 특성 조사방법에 따라 21개체를 조사하였다(UPOV 2020).
고온피해, 도복, 병 및 생리장해 검정
경기 여주와 안성 농가포장에서 고온피해의 발생률이 높은 2년생과 3년생을 대상으로 조사하였다. 4월 출아기부터 5월 전엽 완료기 까지 해가림 내부의 투광량을 10% 조절하여 정상적으로 생육할 수 있게 하였다. 이 후 6월부터 8월까지 투광량을 20%로 증가시켜 인위적으로 고온피해를 유발하였다. 고온피해 처리구의 해가림 내부의 주간온도(오전 6시~오후 6시)는 무처리구보다 6월은 2.0℃, 7월은 1.1℃, 8월은 1.4℃가 높았다. 고온피해율은 1/3 이상 고온피해가 발생한 잎 수/전체 잎 수×100으로 조사하였다(Lee et al. 2010). 조사 개체 수는 4.86 m2에서 생존한 전체 개체에 대해서 2년생과 3년생에서 조사하였다.
도복은 줄기가 기울어지는 각도를 지수로 구분하였으며 도복 육안 지수법(1: 0°, 3: 1° 초과 ~ 10° 이하, 5: 10° 초과 ~ 20° 이하, 7: 20° 초과 ~ 30° 이하, 9: 30° 초과)으로 구분하였다. 도복의 조사는 4년생에서 4.86 m2에서 생존한 전체 개체를 조사하였다.
인삼의 주요 병인 점무늬병과 탄저병은 육안 지수법(0: 무발병, 1: 발병면적률 1% 이하, 3: 발병면적률 1% 초과 ~ 5% 이하, 5: 발병면적률 5% 초과 ~ 10% 이하, 7: 발병면적률 10% 초과 ~ 20% 이하, 9: 발병면적률 20% 초과)로 구분하여 조사하였다. 잘록병, 역병과 근부병의 육안 지수법(0: 무발병, 1: 발병주율 1% 이하, 3: 발병주율 1% 초과 ~ 5% 이하, 5: 발병주율 5% 초과 ~ 10% 이하, 7: 발병주율 10% 초과 ~ 20% 이하, 9: 발병주율 20% 초과)로 조사하였다. 위의 5가지 주요 병에 대해서 30 개체를 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사분석 기준에 따라 조사하였다(RDA 2012).
생리장해인 적변삼과 은피는 30 개체를 육안 지수법(0: 무 피해, 1: 피해 발생 주 1% 이하, 3: 피해 발생 주 1% 초과 ~ 10% 이하, 5: 피해 발생 주 10% 초과 ~ 25% 이하, 7: 피해 발생 주 25% 초과 ~ 40% 이하, 9: 피해 발생 주 40% 초과)으로 조사하였다. 황색 반점형 황증은 육안 지수법(0: 무 황증, 1: 황변 면적률 1% 이하, 3: 황변 면적률 1% 초과 ~ 10% 이하, 5: 황변 면적률 10% 초과 ~ 25% 이하, 7: 황변 면적률 25% 초과 ~ 40% 이하, 9:황변 면적률 40% 초과)으로 30개체를 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사분석 기준에 준하여 조사하였다(RDA 2012).
진세노사이드 분석
균일한 크기의 수삼을 동결건조 후 분쇄기로 2 mm 크기로 분쇄하였다. 수삼분말 0.5 g에 70% 메탄올 10 mL을 첨가한 다음 초음파(60 Hz, Wiseclean; Daihan Scienticif, Seoul Korea) 추출하였다. 추출이 끝난 후 3000 rpm에서 10분간 원심분리(Legand Mach 1.6R; thermos, Frankfurt, Germany)를 한 다음 상층액을 syringe filter (0.2 mm, Acrodisk; Gelmam Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA)로 필터한 용액을 시험용액으로 사용하였다. 진세노사이드 분석에 사용된 기기는 초고성능 액체크로마토그래피(ACQUITY UPLC system, Waters co., Millford, MA, USA)이고, 컬럼은 ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 ㎛; Waters)을 사용하였다. 컬럼의 온도는 40℃, 이동상의 용매는 증류수(A 용액)과 100% Acetonitrile (B 용액)을 사용하였다. 이동상 gradient 조건은 0-5분(15%, B) 10분(20%, B), 20분(30%, B), 21.5분(32%, B), 24분(40%, B), 27분(55%, B), 27-30분(55%, B), 31분(90%, B) 31-35분(90%, B), 36분(15%, B), 36-40분(15%, B)로 조절하였고, 유량은 0.6 mL/분, 시료는 자동 주입기를 이용하여 2.0 µL, 검출 파장은 203 nm로 분석하였다. 8종의 진세노사이드는 표준물질의 peak 면적과 각 성분의 면적을 비교 후 정량화 하였다.
고유특성 및 생육특성
‘선명’의 잎자루의 각도는 직립이고 안토시아닌의 분포는 중간이다. 잎 표면의 녹색과 주름 정도는 중간, 소엽의 모양은 좁은 타원형이며, 소엽의 가로 자른 모양은 오목하다. 줄기의 안토시아닌 분포는 기부와 상부에만 존재한다(Table 1).
‘선명’ 줄기의 길이는 39.4 cm인데 반해 ‘선일’은 45.2 cm이었다. ‘선명’의 중앙 소엽의 길이는 17.9 cm, 중앙 소엽의 넓이는 7.6 cm이었다. 대조품종인 ‘선일’의 중앙 소엽의 길이와 넓이는 각각 21.7 cm, 11.5 cm이었다. ‘선명’의 꽃대 길이는 20.3 cm, ‘선일’은 22.1 cm이었다. ‘선명’의 작은 잎자루 길이는 3.2 cm, ‘선일’은 4.5 cm이었다(Table 2). ‘선명’의 줄기 길이, 소엽의 길이와 너비, 작은 잎자루의 길이가 대조품종 ‘선일’보다 짧아서 도복에 강한 특성을 보유하고 있다.
고온피해, 병해충, 생리장해 및 도복
‘선명’의 고온피해율은 경기 여주에서 2년생 4.5%, 3년생 3.7%이었고 ‘선일’은 2년생 5.9%, 3년생 5.2%이었다. 경기도 안성에서 ‘선명’의 고온피해율이 2년생은 3.3%, 3년생 4.4%인 반면 ‘선일’은 2년생이 5.5%, 3년생은 5.7%로 ‘선명’의 고온피해율이 ‘선일’보다 낮았다(Table 3). ‘선명’의 고온피해율은 ‘선일’에 비하여 2년생은 46.2%가 3년생은 34.1%가 낮았다.
‘선명’은 여주와 안성 지역적응성시험 점무늬병의 발병 지수는 1.7, 모잘록병의 발병 지수는 3.7로 ‘선일’의 점무늬병 발병 지수 5.7, 모잘록병 발병지수 6.3보다 강하였다. 탄저병의 발병 지수는 ‘선명’과 ‘선일’ 모두 4.3으로 차이가 없었다. 역병과 근부병은 거의 발생되지 않았다(Table 4). 생리 장해인 적변, 은피와 황색 반점형 황증은 거의 없었다. ‘선명’의 도복 지수는 2.3이고 ‘선일’은 7.0으로 ‘선명’이 도복에 매우 강하였다(Table 5).
수량성 및 진세노사이드 함량
생산력검정 예비시험과 본시험에서 ‘선명’의 평균 수량은 533.6 kg/10a이고 ‘선일’은 513.4 kg/10a로 ‘선일’보다 4% 증수되었고, 지역적응성시험에서 2개 지역의 평균 수량은 ‘선명’ 523.8 kg/10a으로 ‘선일’ 498.2 kg/10a보다 5% 증수된 것으로 나타났다(Table 6). 인삼의 유효성분인 진세노사이드의 총 함량은 ‘선명’ 19.22 mg/g으로 ‘선일’ 22.45 mg/g보다 낮았고 통계적 유의차가 있었다(Table 7).
‘선명’은 고온장해와 도복에 강한 품종 육성을 목적으로 2001년도 경기도 여주 인삼재배 농가에서 30개체를 수집 후 2002년 1년생에서 인위적으로 고온피해를 유발시켜 고온피해율이 낮은 1개체를 선발하였다. 2002년부터 2004년까지 특성검정을 실시 하였고, 2005년부터 2008년까지 생산력검정 예비시험, 2009년부터 2012년까지 생산력검정본시험, 2013년부터 2016년까지 경기도 여주와 안성지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행한 결과 고온피해와 도복에 강하고 수확량이 높았으며 품종 특성의 안전성과 균일성이 인정되었다. ‘선명’의 잎자루의 각도는 직립이고 안토시아닌의 분포는 중간이다. 잎 표면의 녹색과 주름 정도는 중간, 소엽의 모양은 좁은 타원형, 소엽의 가로 자른 모양은 오목하고 줄기 안토시아닌 분포는 기부와 상부에만 존재하는 표현형의 특징을 나타낸다. ‘선명’의 고온피해율은 ‘선일’에 비하여 2년생은 46.2%, 3년생은 34.1% 낮았다. ‘선명’의 줄기, 소엽의 길이가 짧고 넓이가 좁아 도복에 강하다. 수량성은 지역적응성시험 결과 ‘선명’ 523.8 kg/10a로 ‘선일’보다 5% 증수 되었고 점무늬병과 모잘록병에 저항성을 나타내었다. 또 ‘선명’은 고온피해와 도복(Fig. 2)에 강하고 수량성도 높아서 재배적 안전성이 높은 품종이다.
Fig. 1
Breeding diagram of ‘Sunmyoung’.
KJBS-53-475-f1.tif
Fig. 2
Comparison of reactions between the two varieties to high temperature stress and lodging.
KJBS-53-475-f2.tif
Table 1
Morphological characteristics of the aerial part of ‘Sunmyoung’.
Table 1
Variety Petiole Leaf Leaflet Stem
Attitude (1~5)z Intensity of
anthocyanin coloration (1~9)y
Intensity of green color (1~5)x Blistering (1~3)w Shape (1~4)v Shape
in cross section (1~3)u
Distribution of anthocyanin in coloration (1~3)t
Sunmyoung Erect (1.3±0.5)s Medium (3.3±0.4) Medium (3.4±0.7) Medium (3.0±0.0) Narrow elliptic (1.0±0.0) Concave (1.0±0.0) On lower and upper part (1.0±0.0)
Sunil Spreading (5.0±0.0) Very strong (8.7±0.2) Dark (4.8±0.1) Strong (5.0±0.0) Oblong (3.0±0.0) Convex (3.0±0.0) Throughout (3.0±0.0)

zAttitude of petiole 1: erect, 3: semi erect, 5: spreading

yIntensity of anthocyanin coloration of petiole 1: absent or very weak, 3: weak, 5: medium, 7: strong, 9: very strong

xIntensity of green color of leaf 1: light, 3: medium, 5: dark

wBlistering of leaf 1: weak, 3: medium, 5: strong

vShape of leaflet 1: narrow elliptic, 2: broad elliptic, 3: oblong, 4: spatulate

uShape in cross section of leaflet 1: concave, 2: flat, 3: convex

tDistribution of anthocyanin in coloration of stem 1: on lower part only, 2: on lower and upper part, 3: throughout

sValue are means±standard deviation

Table 2
Quantitative characteristic of the aerial part of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).
Table 2
Variety Stem length (cm) Leaflet Peduncle length (cm) Petiole length (cm)
Length (cm) Width (cm)
Sunmyoung 39.4±0.8y 17.9±1.1 7.6±0.1 20.3±0.3 3.2±0.1
Sunil 45.2±0.9 21.7±0.9 11.5±0.5 22.1±0.7 4.5±0.1
t-testx -4.25** -4.79** -7.07** -1.89ns -4.71**

zRegional adaptability trial

yValue are means±standard deviation

xStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, ** <0.01, ns: non-significant

Table 3
Responses to high temperature stress ratio of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).
Table 3
Variety Yeju Anseong Average
2-years 3-years 2-years 3-years 2-years 3-years
Sunmyoung 4.5±0.8y 3.7±0.8 3.3±1.2 4.4±0.2 3.9±1.8 4.1±0.5
Sunil 5.9±1.3 5.2±0.6 5.5±0.3 5.7±0.7 5.7±1.7 5.5±0.7
t-testx -11.7** -1.97ns -3.76** -4.18** -6.11* -3.18**

zRegional adaptability trial

yValue are presented as high temperature injury percentage±standard deviation

xStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05, ** <0.01, ns: non-significant

Table 4
Resistance to major disease of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).
Table 4
Aerial part Underground part
Variety Alternaria panax (0~9)y Colletorichum gloeosporioides (0~9) Phytophthora Cactorum (0~9) Rhizoctonia Solani (0~9) Cylindrocarpon destructans (0~9)
Sunmyoung 1.7±0.2x 4.3±0.8 0 3.7±0.2 0
Sunil 5.7±0.3 4.3±0.5 0 6.3±0.4 0
t-testw -4.24** 0.00ns - -2.82* -

zRegional adaptability trial

yDegree of disease of occurrence 0: immunity, 1: under 1%, 3: over 1 ~ under 5%, 5: over 5 ~ under 10%, 7: over 10% ~ under 20%, 9: over 20%

xValue are means±standard deviation

wStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05, ** <0.01, ns: non-significant

Table 5
Responses to major physiological injury of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).
Table 5
Variety Red skin (0~9)y Rough skin (0~9) Yellow leaf spot (0~9) Lodging (1~9)x
Sunmyoung 3.0±0.1w 1.0±0.5 0 2.3±1.1
Sunil 2.3±0.2 1.0±0.2 0 7.0±1.3
t-testv 0.37ns 0.00ns - -3.50*

zRegional adaptability trial

yResponse to physiological disorder 0: immunity, 1: under 1%, 3: over 1 ~ under 10%, 5: over 10 ~ under 25%, 7: over 25% ~ under 40%, 9: over 40%

xDegree of lodging of occurrence 1: 0°, 3: over 1° ~ under 10°, 5: over 10° ~ under 20°, 7: over 20° ~ under 30°, 9: over 30°

wValue are means±standard deviation

vStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05, ns is non-significant

Table 6
Summarized of yield (kg/10 a) trials for ‘Sunmyoung’.
Table 6
Variety PYTz AYTy Average RATx Average Average
Suwon Yeju Yeju Anseong
Sunmyoung 530.1±10.8w 535.5±2.8 533.6±1.6 536.7±11.4 511.8±14.2 523.8±12.8 528.2±11.6
Sunil 525.3±4.4 501.1±10.6 513.4±25.7 511.3±8.1 485.0±12.8 498.2±10.2 506.2±16.8
Index 101 107 104 105 105 105 105
t-testv 0.60ns 4.33* 1.11ns 2.51* 1.92ns 2.18ns 2.19ns

zPreliminary yield trial

yAdvanced yield trial

xRegional adaptability trial

wValue are means±standard deviation

vStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05, ns: non-significant

Table 7
Content of ginsenoside in ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).
Table 7
Variety Rg1 Re Rf Rg2 Rb1 Rc Rb2 Rd Total
Sunmyoung 3.45±0.12y 3.86±0.21 1.69±0.01 0.25±0.08 4.82±0.34 2.29±0.10 2.21±0.74 0.64±0.80 19.22±1.81
Sunil 3.36±0.10 6.95±0.15 1.32±0.11 0.74±0.05 5.95±0.14 2.13±0.82 1.48±0.31 0.52±0.04 22.45±1.45
t-testx -2.97*

zRegional adaptability trial

yValue are means±standard deviation

wStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05

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‘Sunmyoung’: A Variety with High Production Stability Due to Its Resistance Against High Temperature and Lodging Stresses
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(4):475-481.   Published online December 1, 2021
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‘Sunmyoung’: A Variety with High Production Stability Due to Its Resistance Against High Temperature and Lodging Stresses
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(4):475-481.   Published online December 1, 2021
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‘Sunmyoung’: A Variety with High Production Stability Due to Its Resistance Against High Temperature and Lodging Stresses
Image Image
Fig. 1 Breeding diagram of ‘Sunmyoung’.
Fig. 2 Comparison of reactions between the two varieties to high temperature stress and lodging.
‘Sunmyoung’: A Variety with High Production Stability Due to Its Resistance Against High Temperature and Lodging Stresses

Morphological characteristics of the aerial part of ‘Sunmyoung’.

Variety Petiole Leaf Leaflet Stem
Attitude (1~5)z Intensity of
anthocyanin coloration (1~9)y
Intensity of green color (1~5)x Blistering (1~3)w Shape (1~4)v Shape
in cross section (1~3)u
Distribution of anthocyanin in coloration (1~3)t
Sunmyoung Erect (1.3±0.5)s Medium (3.3±0.4) Medium (3.4±0.7) Medium (3.0±0.0) Narrow elliptic (1.0±0.0) Concave (1.0±0.0) On lower and upper part (1.0±0.0)
Sunil Spreading (5.0±0.0) Very strong (8.7±0.2) Dark (4.8±0.1) Strong (5.0±0.0) Oblong (3.0±0.0) Convex (3.0±0.0) Throughout (3.0±0.0)

Quantitative characteristic of the aerial part of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

Variety Stem length (cm) Leaflet Peduncle length (cm) Petiole length (cm)
Length (cm) Width (cm)
Sunmyoung 39.4±0.8y 17.9±1.1 7.6±0.1 20.3±0.3 3.2±0.1
Sunil 45.2±0.9 21.7±0.9 11.5±0.5 22.1±0.7 4.5±0.1
t-testx -4.25** -4.79** -7.07** -1.89ns -4.71**

Responses to high temperature stress ratio of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

Variety Yeju Anseong Average
2-years 3-years 2-years 3-years 2-years 3-years
Sunmyoung 4.5±0.8y 3.7±0.8 3.3±1.2 4.4±0.2 3.9±1.8 4.1±0.5
Sunil 5.9±1.3 5.2±0.6 5.5±0.3 5.7±0.7 5.7±1.7 5.5±0.7
t-testx -11.7** -1.97ns -3.76** -4.18** -6.11* -3.18**

Resistance to major disease of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

Aerial part Underground part
Variety Alternaria panax (0~9)y Colletorichum gloeosporioides (0~9) Phytophthora Cactorum (0~9) Rhizoctonia Solani (0~9) Cylindrocarpon destructans (0~9)
Sunmyoung 1.7±0.2x 4.3±0.8 0 3.7±0.2 0
Sunil 5.7±0.3 4.3±0.5 0 6.3±0.4 0
t-testw -4.24** 0.00ns - -2.82* -

Responses to major physiological injury of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

Variety Red skin (0~9)y Rough skin (0~9) Yellow leaf spot (0~9) Lodging (1~9)x
Sunmyoung 3.0±0.1w 1.0±0.5 0 2.3±1.1
Sunil 2.3±0.2 1.0±0.2 0 7.0±1.3
t-testv 0.37ns 0.00ns - -3.50*

Summarized of yield (kg/10 a) trials for ‘Sunmyoung’.

Variety PYTz AYTy Average RATx Average Average
Suwon Yeju Yeju Anseong
Sunmyoung 530.1±10.8w 535.5±2.8 533.6±1.6 536.7±11.4 511.8±14.2 523.8±12.8 528.2±11.6
Sunil 525.3±4.4 501.1±10.6 513.4±25.7 511.3±8.1 485.0±12.8 498.2±10.2 506.2±16.8
Index 101 107 104 105 105 105 105
t-testv 0.60ns 4.33* 1.11ns 2.51* 1.92ns 2.18ns 2.19ns

Content of ginsenoside in ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

Variety Rg1 Re Rf Rg2 Rb1 Rc Rb2 Rd Total
Sunmyoung 3.45±0.12y 3.86±0.21 1.69±0.01 0.25±0.08 4.82±0.34 2.29±0.10 2.21±0.74 0.64±0.80 19.22±1.81
Sunil 3.36±0.10 6.95±0.15 1.32±0.11 0.74±0.05 5.95±0.14 2.13±0.82 1.48±0.31 0.52±0.04 22.45±1.45
t-testx -2.97*
Table 1 Morphological characteristics of the aerial part of ‘Sunmyoung’.

zAttitude of petiole 1: erect, 3: semi erect, 5: spreading

yIntensity of anthocyanin coloration of petiole 1: absent or very weak, 3: weak, 5: medium, 7: strong, 9: very strong

xIntensity of green color of leaf 1: light, 3: medium, 5: dark

wBlistering of leaf 1: weak, 3: medium, 5: strong

vShape of leaflet 1: narrow elliptic, 2: broad elliptic, 3: oblong, 4: spatulate

uShape in cross section of leaflet 1: concave, 2: flat, 3: convex

tDistribution of anthocyanin in coloration of stem 1: on lower part only, 2: on lower and upper part, 3: throughout

sValue are means±standard deviation

Table 2 Quantitative characteristic of the aerial part of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

zRegional adaptability trial

yValue are means±standard deviation

xStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, ** <0.01, ns: non-significant

Table 3 Responses to high temperature stress ratio of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

zRegional adaptability trial

yValue are presented as high temperature injury percentage±standard deviation

xStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05, ** <0.01, ns: non-significant

Table 4 Resistance to major disease of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

zRegional adaptability trial

yDegree of disease of occurrence 0: immunity, 1: under 1%, 3: over 1 ~ under 5%, 5: over 5 ~ under 10%, 7: over 10% ~ under 20%, 9: over 20%

xValue are means±standard deviation

wStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05, ** <0.01, ns: non-significant

Table 5 Responses to major physiological injury of ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

zRegional adaptability trial

yResponse to physiological disorder 0: immunity, 1: under 1%, 3: over 1 ~ under 10%, 5: over 10 ~ under 25%, 7: over 25% ~ under 40%, 9: over 40%

xDegree of lodging of occurrence 1: 0°, 3: over 1° ~ under 10°, 5: over 10° ~ under 20°, 7: over 20° ~ under 30°, 9: over 30°

wValue are means±standard deviation

vStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05, ns is non-significant

Table 6 Summarized of yield (kg/10 a) trials for ‘Sunmyoung’.

zPreliminary yield trial

yAdvanced yield trial

xRegional adaptability trial

wValue are means±standard deviation

vStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05, ns: non-significant

Table 7 Content of ginsenoside in ‘Sunmyoung’ (2013~2016, RATz).

zRegional adaptability trial

yValue are means±standard deviation

wStudent’s t-test at the 0.05 significance level, * <0.05