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New Cultivar Developed

보리호위축병과 도복에 강한 맥주보리 ‘누리맥’

윤영미1, 김양길1, 강천식1, 김경호1, 박종철2, 박태일1, 박진천1,*

A Malting Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety, ‘Nurimaeg’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Lodging Stress

Young-Mi Yoon1, Yang-Kil Kim1, Chon-Sik Kang1, Kyong-Ho Kim1, Jong-Chul Park2, Tae-Il Park1, Jin-Cheon Park1,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2021;53(4):539-547.
Published online: December 1, 2021

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2전라북도농업기술원

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: jinchun5214@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5226, Fax: +82-63-238-5205)
• Received: October 25, 2021   • Revised: November 9, 2021   • Accepted: November 9, 2021

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  • A malting barley variety, ‘Nurimaeg’, was developed with resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), tolerance to lodging stress, and good brewing quality. ‘Nurimaeg’ was developed by crossing Milyang127 and Miharu gold in 2004. Regional yield trials were conducted for ‘Nurimaeg’ as a breeding line ‘Iksan175’ in four different regions from 2014-2016. It has a type I growth habit, and its average heading and maturity dates were April 12 and May 20, respectively-which were 1 day later than the maturity date of ‘Hopum’ variety. As ‘Nurimaeg’ has a shorter culm length (77 cm) than that of ‘Hopum’, it showed tolerance to lodging stress. This variety possesses the rym5 gene and is resistant to BaYMV. It showed a 42.9 g 1000-grain weight and 90% assortment ratio. The yield potential of ‘Nurimaeg’ was 408 kg/10a, which is approximately 18% higher than that of ‘Hopum’. Analysis of grain quality for malting showed that ‘Nurimaeg’ has high quality of low protein and β-glucan content. Malt quality analysis revealed that it has 72.8% extract, 4.2% soluble protein, 38.9% kolbach index, and 243 WK diastatic power, which all were similar to those of ‘Hopum’. ‘Nurimaeg’ would be suitable for cultivation in the areas of Korea that have a daily minimum temperature of -4℃ in the month of January (Registration No. 7960).
국내 맥주보리 재배면적과 생산량은 2012년 보리 수매제도(2012년) 폐지 이후 3,748 ha, 12,636톤에서 2019년 10,634 ha, 45,172톤으로 증가하고 있다(MAFRA 2020). 맥주보리는 맥주용으로 이용되며 단백질과 베타글루칸 함량이 낮고 전분 함량이 높은 2조 겉보리가 국내에서는 주로 육성되고 있다. 초기 맥주보리 육종은 도입품종의 선발 육종이었으며, 교잡육종은 1929년 우리나라에 도입된 ‘골든메론’을 교배한 ‘수원대맥11호’가 처음이다. 맥주보리 초기 육종은 ‘사천6호’, ‘두산8호’ 등 ㈜두산농산에서 주로 이루어졌다(Ha et al. 2019). 1988년 ㈜두산농산에서 맥주보리 육종이 중단되면서 농촌진흥청에서 맥주보리를 육종하게 되었으며, ‘진광보리’, ‘진양보리’ 등 도복에 강하고 품질이 우수한 품종들이 육성되었다(Ha et al. 2019). 2003년도 육성된 ‘호품’은 현재까지도 맥주용 보리로 농협에서 수매되고 있는 품종으로 색택이 좋으면서 정립률(87.5%)이 높고 추출률(79.5%) 등 맥아 품질이 우수한 품종이다(Hyun et al. 2006). 그러나 도복과 흰가루병에 약한 특성을 보이고 있어 전체 맥주보리의 20% 이상이 재배되고 있는 제주도 지역과 해안가 지역에서는 대체 품종의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 국내에서 맥주보리는 단간으로 도복에 강하고 다수성인 ‘진양’(1993년 육성, Suh et al. 1997), 고품질 ‘호품’(2003년 육성, Hyun et al. 2006), 흰가루병저항성으로 도복에 강한 ‘백호’(2008년 육성, Kim et al. 2011), 한해에 강하고 불시출수에 둔감한 ‘광맥’(2010년 육성, Kang et al. 2017), 보리그물무늬병 저항성인 ‘이맥’(2013년 육성, Kang et al. 2016), 논 재배에 적합하고 고품질인 ‘다품’(2015년 육성, Yoon et al. 2020) 등의 품종들이 육성되어 왔다. 최근 수제맥주 활성화로 지역별로 차별화된 맥주 원료 요구도가 증가하고 있어 지역별 재배 환경에 적합하면서 고품질인 맥주보리 품종의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서는 맥주용으로 ‘호품’보다 호위축병과 흰가루병에 강하면서 수량이 17% 증진된 ‘누리맥’을 육성하였기에 이 품종의 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
시험재료 및 재배 방법
교배 모본으로 다수성인 ‘밀양127호’와 도복에 강하고 보리호위축병 저항성인 ‘Miharu gold’를 2004년도에 인공교배하여 도복에 강하고 바이러스 저항성인 계통을 선발하였다. F2에서 F4계통은 집단재배하여 세대를 진전하면서 선발 육성하였다. F5 이후부터는 1수 1열법으로 계통을 전개하면서 키가 작으면서 도복에 강하고, 수량이 많고 농업형질이 우수한 계통을 선발하여 ‘YMB3004-3B-44-1’의 계통 번호를 부여하였다. 생산력검정시험 중 예비시험은 밭 조건에서 0.4 m×0.18 m×3.0 m×3열(휴폭×파폭×휴장×열수)로 조파하였으며, 시험구배치는 난괴법 2반복으로 수행하였다. 생산력검정본시험은 1.5 m×1.2 m×5.0 m×1열의 휴립광산파로 파종하여 난괴법 3반복으로 실시하였다. 지역적응시험은 전북 전주, 전남 나주, 경남 진주는 논 조건으로, 제주는 밭 조건으로 재배하여 수행하였다. 논조건은 휴립광산파로서 1.5 m×1.2 m×5~6 m로 파종하였고, 밭조건은 협폭파로 0.4 m×0.18 m×5.0 m×6열로 파종하였다. 파종량은 전주 15 kg/10a, 나주와 진주 14 kg/10a, 제주 13 kg/10a로 하였다. 시비량은 맥주보리 지역별 표준시비량을 기준으로 진단시비 하였으며, 그 중 질소는 분시(60:40)를 하였는데 기비는 경운 후 전면 살포하고, 추비는 생육재생기에 살포하였다. 기타 생육관리는 농촌진흥청 맥주보리 표준재배법에 준하였다(Lee et al. 2010, RDA 2012).
농업형질 및 수량성 조사
출수기, 성숙기, 수량구성요소 및 수량 등을 농업과학기술연구조사 분석기준(Lee et al. 2010, RDA 2012)에 준하여 조사하고 표준품종인 ‘호품’과 비교하였다. 수량은 설립을 제외하고 10a당 조곡수량으로 수분 13%로 보정하여 환산하였으며, 천립중은 2.2 mm 종목체를 통과한 종실, 즉 설립을 제거한 종실에서 1,000립의 무게를 측정한 후 수분 13%로 보정하여 구하였다.
보리호위축병 저항성 검정을 위해 익산, 진주, 나주 3지역의 바이러스검정포(휴폭 0.4 m×파폭 0.18 m×휴장 1.2 m×1열)에서, 종자량 5 g, 3반복으로 파종하였다. 그리고 다음해 3월 하순에서 4월 상순 사이에 모자이크와 황화 증상의 발생정도에 따라 달관으로 발병정도를 조사하여, 0 (무발생), 1 (10% 미만), 3 (11~30%), 5 (31~50%), 7 (51~70%), 9 (71% 이상)로 나타내었다. 보리호위축병저항성 유전자(rym5) 확인은 Sedlacek et al. (2010)의 CAPS marker가 이용되었다. 저항성유전자 확인용 품종으로는 Misato golden (rym5), Mokusekko 3 (rym1+5)가 감수성 품종으로는 ‘진양’이 이용되었다. 흰가루병저항성은 비닐하우스에서 자연 감염을 유도하여 성체 시기에 발병 심도를 조사하였으며, 0 (무발생), 1 (괴사반점형성), 3 (초장 1/3정도 이하 약한 발병), 5 (하위엽은 심한 발병, 초장의 중간엽까지 발병), 7 (하위엽 및 중간엽 심한 발병, 지엽 및 차위엽까지 심한 발병), 9 (주 전체에 심한 발병)으로 나타내었다.
내한성 검정은 전북 운봉(해발 500 m)에서 10월 하순경 파종하여 다음해 2월과 3월초에 고엽 정도를 달관으로 조사하였다.
파성 검정은 저온 처리(4℃, 3주)와 무처리 두 조건으로 파성별 대조품종과 비교하여 주경의 엽수와 지엽 전개 일수를 조사하여 파성 정도를 I~V 범위로 판정하였다.
원맥 품질 특성
원맥 품질 특성은 단백질, 전분, 베타글루칸 함량과 곡피율, 발아세, 발아율, 천립중 등을 조사하여 이루어졌다. 단백질 분석은 원소분석기(Vario MAX CN, Elementar, Germay)를 이용하여 N을 분석한 후 환산 계수(6.25)를 곱하여 구하였다. 원맥의 전분은 소모기법으로 분석하였고, 곡피율, 발아세, 발아율, 천립중 등의 분석은 EBC (European Brewery Convention 1998), ASBC (American Society of Brewing Chemists 1992), 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준(Lee et al. 2010, RDA 2012)에 준하여 분석하였다. β-glucan 함량은 mixed linkage beta-glucan kit (megazyme, Ireland)와 UV/Vis spectrophotometer (U-2800, Hitachi, Japan)을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 정립률은 체(Sortimat, Pfeuffer GmbH, Germany)를 이용하여 2.5 mm 종목체를 통과하지 않고 남아있는 종자를 전체 종자에 대한 비율로 표시하였다.
맥아제조 및 맥아품질 특성
맥아의 제조는 automatic micro malting system (Phoenix Bio, Australia)을 이용하여 침맥(steeping), 발아(germination), 배조(kilning) 공정으로 수행되었다. 침맥은 수침(wet steeping, 16℃)과 건침(dry steeping, 16℃)을 3회 반복하여 실시하였으며, 발아는 16℃에서 5일간 수행하였다. 배조는 처음 2시간 동안 55℃를 유지한 후 82℃까지 점차적으로 온도를 상승시킨 후 40℃로 감소시켜 이루어졌으며, 건조된 맥아는 즉시 제근 후 품질 분석에 이용되었다. 맥아 품질 분석은 신장도, 맥아수율, Friability, 효소역가 등을 ASBC (1992), EBC (1998)와 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석기준(Lee et al. 2010, RDA 2012)의 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다.
맥즙제조 및 품질 분석
맥아는 Buhler-Miag disc mill (DLFU, Buhler-Miag Ltd., Germany)로 분쇄 후, EBC (1998) 방법과 ASBC (1992) 방법에 따라 당화조(LB-12, VLB, Germany)를 이용하여 맥즙제조에 이용되었다. 맥즙 제조 후 추출률, 맥즙색도, 콜박지수, 가용성 단백질 함량 등을 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (U-2800, Hitachi, Japan)를 이용하여 측정하였다.
통계분석
통계분석은 통계프로그램 R (version 3.5.3, R studio Inc.)을 이용하였으며, 대조품종(‘호품’)과의 차이는 t-test로 유의수준 5%(α=0.05)에서 검정하였다.
육성 경위
고품질 내재해 다수성 맥주보리 품종을 육성하기 위해 2004년도 다수성인 ‘밀양127호’와 병과 도복에 저항성이며 고품질인 ‘Miharu gold’를 인공교배하여 F2에서 F4는 집단으로, F5 이후는 계통으로 키가 작으면서 도복에 강하고, 수량이 많은 계통을 선발하였다. 2014년부터 2016년까지 ‘익산175호’ 계통명을 부여하여 전북, 전남, 경남, 제주 4개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. 지역적응시험을 통해 다수성이면서, 보리호위축병과 도복에 강한 특성을 보여 2016년 직무육성 신품종선정심의회 심의를 거쳐 ‘누리맥’으로 명명하였다. 이후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2020년 종자산업법 제 55조에 따라 품종보호 등록(제7960호)되었다. 육성 경위는 Fig. 1과 같다.
고유특성
‘누리맥’의 고유특성은 Table 1과 같이 잎의 색깔은 녹색이고, 길이와 넓이는 중간 정도로 ‘호품’과 비슷하였다. 줄기 길이는 길고, 굵기는 중간이었다. 이삭 형태는 2조이면서 밀수형이고 까락이 길고 탈망은 양호하였다. 생태형은 파성 I인 춘파형으로 ‘호품’과 같았다.
농업적 형질과 수량성
‘누리맥’의 출수기와 성숙기는 밭재배에서 각각 4월 7일과 5월 17일로 나타났고, 논재배에서는 4월 13일과 5월 22일이었다. 평균 출수기와 성숙기는 4월 12일, 5월 21일로 출수기는 ‘호품’과 같았고, 성숙기는 1일 늦었다(Table 2). ‘누리맥’과 ‘호품’의 성숙기 식물체의 모습은 Fig. 2와 같다.
‘누리맥’ 줄기 길이는 평균 77 cm, 이삭 길이는 5.5 cm, 1수 립수는 23개로 ‘호품’보다 간장과 이삭 길이는 짧았으며 이삭수도 적었다(Table 3). 단위면적당 수수는 829 개로 ‘호품’ 732 개보다 많은 경향이었으나 유의성은 없었다. 천립중과 리터중은 각각 42.9 g, 685 g으로 ‘호품’과 유사하였다(Table 3).
‘누리맥’의 수량성은 생산력 검정시험에서 363 kg/10a로 표준품종인 ‘호품’ 대비 11% 증수하였다(자료 미포함). 2014에서 2016년 3년간 실시한 지역적응 시험 결과 밭 재배인 제주에서 495 kg/10a로 호품대비 21% 증수하였으며, 전북(전주), 전남(나주), 경남(진주)의 논 재배에서는 379 kg/10a로 호품대비 17% 증수한 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었다(Table 4).
병과 재해 저항성
보리호위축병저항성 검정에서 ‘누리맥’은 익산 병 검정포장에서 저항성 1로 ‘호품’ 5보다 저항성이었다(Table 5). 전남(나주)와 경남(진주)는 보리호위축병이 발병되지 않아 병검정이 가능하지 않았다. Park et al. (2005)는 전북(익산)은 보리호위축병인 BaYMV와 BaMMV가 복합 감염되어 있으며, rym3 저항성 유전자를 보유한 Ishukushirazu, Chosen은 BaYMV에 저항성을 보였지만 BaMMV에는 감수성이었고, rym5를 보유한 Misato golden은 BaYMV에 감수성, BaMMV에는 저항성이었다고 보고하였다. ‘호품’은 Misato golden에서 유래한 rym5 유전자를 보유하고 있어 중도저항성을 보인다고 알려져 있다. ‘누리맥’ 또한 ‘호품’처럼 CAPS 마커를 이용한 분석으로 rym5 유전자가 확인되었다(Fig. 3). 보리호위축병저항성 검정에서 ‘누리맥’은 ‘호품’보다 저항성으로 rym5 외의 다른 유전자 보유 가능성이 있어, 이에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. ‘누리맥’은 흰가루병에서 저항성이 5였으며, ‘호품’은 9로 감수성이었다(Table 5, Fig. 4). 내한성은 ‘호품’과 ‘누리맥’이 5로 개선이 필요했으며, 도복은 ‘누리맥’이 저항성 1로 호품 5보다 저항성이었다(Table 5, Fig. 5). 농협에서 주로 수매하고 있는 ‘호품’은 도복과 흰가루병이 문제가 되고 있어 도복과 흰가루병에 강한 특성을 보이는 ‘누리맥’이 이의 대체가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.
품질 특성
맥주보리의 품질 특성인 단백질, 정립률, 곡피율 등의 원맥 품질은 Table 6과 같다. ‘누리맥’의 정립률은 90%로 ‘호품’과 유사했는데, 1등표준품 맥주보리 정립률이 80%이상(Son et al. 2002)인 것을 고려할 때 ‘누리맥’은 맥아용 종자생산량이 높음을 알 수 있었다. ‘누리맥’의 단백질 함량은 10.8%로 낮은 함량을 보였지만 유의성은 없었으며, 베타글루칸 함량은 3.3%로 ‘호품’ 4.1%보다 낮았다. Kim & Kang (2002)은 높은 단백질 함량은 탄수화물 함량을 상대적으로 낮춰 추출 수율을 낮추며 1%의 단백질 증가는 0.8%의 추출물 손실을 가져온다고 보고하였다. 베타글루칸은 양조 공정중에 맥즙의 여과속도를 낮추어 수율을 감소시킬 수 있고 최종 제품 맥주에 혼탁을 유발시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다(Kim & Kang 2002, Lee 2008). 수감수성은 맥아제조시 다량의 물에 대한 감수성 정도를 표현하며, 따라서 맥주용 보리로 수감수성이 낮은 보리를 선호한다. ‘누리맥’의 수감수성은 18%로 ‘호품’ 25%보다 낮은 값을 나타냈다.
Micro-malting system을 이용하여 제조한 ‘누리맥’과 ‘호품’의 맥아를 이용하여 맥즙을 제조하고 맥아와 맥즙의 품질 특성을 분석하였다(Table 7). 추출률은 ‘누리맥’이 72.8%로, ‘호품’ 73.3%보다 낮았으나 유의성은 없었다. 원맥의 단백질 중 발효원으로 이용가능한 단백질함량인 콜박지수는 ‘누리맥’이 38.9%로 ‘호품’ 34.0%보다 높게 나타났지만 유의성은 없었다. 베타아밀라아제의 활성을 주로 나타내며, 고품질 맥주보리를 판단하는 주요 품질 특성인 효소역가는 ‘누리맥’이 243 WK ‘호품’이 294 WK로 낮았지만 유의성은 없었다. 맥아의 부서짐 정도를 나타내는 friability는 81.5%로 ‘호품’(65.4%)보다 높게 나타났다.
Yoshikawa et al. (1997)은 ‘Miharu gold’는 1995년 일본에서 개발된 품종으로 병저항성과 고품질 원맥 및 맥아 특성(천립중 50.7 g, 정립률 92.2%, 추출률 76.4%, 효소역가 409 WK 등)을 보이나 성숙기가 5월 29일로 약간 늦다고 하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 ‘누리맥’은 ‘Miharu gold’의 병저항성과 고품질 원맥 및 맥아 특성과 ‘밀양127’호의 다수성 특성 갖춘 품종으로 맥아 및 맥주 제조에 적합한 품종임을 알 수 있다.
국내 맥주용 보리는 2003년 육성된 ‘호품’이 수량성과 품질면에서 우수하여 가장 많이 재배되고 있다. 그러나 ‘호품’은 내도복성, 흰가루병 저항성, 종실의 대립화, 정립률 증진, 베타글루칸 함량저하 등의 재배적, 품질적 개선이 요구된다. 따라서 고품질 내재해성 맥주보리 품종을 육성하기 위해 2004년도 다수성인 ‘밀양127호’와 도복과 바이러스병에 강한 ‘Miharu gold’를 인공교배하여 F2에서 F4세대는 집단으로, F5 세대 이후는 계통으로 키가 작으면서 도복에 강하고, 수량이 많은 계통을 선발하였다. 그리고 2014년부터 2016년까지 ‘익산175호’ 계통명을 부여하여 전북, 전남, 경남, 제주 4개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. ‘익산175호’는 간장이 77 cm로 ‘호품’(84 cm)보다 작아 쓰러짐에 잘 견디고, 보리호위축병에도 저항성을 보였다. 출수기는 4월 12일로 ‘호품’과 같았으며, 성숙기는 5월 20일로 ‘호품’보다 1일 늦었다. 천립중은 42.9 g으로 ‘호품’과 비슷했으며, 수량성은 밭재배에서 495 kg/10a, 논재배 379 kg/10a로 ‘호품’보다 각각 21%, 17% 증수한 다수성을 보였다. 맥주용 원맥 및 맥아 품질에서 정립률 90%(‘호품’ 90%), 베타글루칸 3.3%(4.1%), 단백질 10.8%(11.3%), Friability 81.5%(69.1%), 가용성 단백질 4.2%(3.8%), 효소역가 243 WK (294 WK) 등으로 우수한 품질 특성을 보여, 2016년 신품종으로 선정되어 ‘누리맥’으로 명명되었다. ‘누리맥’은 내한성이 약하므로 한해 피해에 안전한 남부지역 맥주보리 재배지에 적합하다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 농업과학기술 연구개발사업(과제명 : 맥주보리 신품종 개발, 과제번호 : PJ015004032021)의 지원에 의해 이루어졌으며, 본 연구를 위해 함께 해주신 각 도원 분들과 농촌진흥청 육종가 분들께 감사의 마음을 전합니다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of malting barley variety, ‘Nurimaeg’.
KJBS-53-539-f1.tif
Fig. 2
Plant comparison of ‘Nurimaeg’ (a) and ‘Hopum’ (b) in paddy field.
KJBS-53-539-f2.tif
Fig. 3
Electrophoresis result of malting barley varieties using CAPS maker. (a) PCR products (184 bp, 241 bp) (b) Restriction product of endonuclease AvaⅠ, AvaⅡ. M: ladder, A and F: Misato golden (rym5), B and G: Nurigmaeg (rym5), C and H: Miharu golden (rym5), D and I: Jinyang (susceptible), E and J: Mokusekko3 (rym1+5)
KJBS-53-539-f3.tif
Fig. 4
Powdery mildew comparison of ‘Nurimaeg’ (a) and ‘Hopum’ (b) in green house.
KJBS-53-539-f4.tif
Fig. 5
Lodging comparison of ‘Nurimaeg’ (a) and ‘Hopum’ (b).
KJBS-53-539-f5.tif
Table 1
Inherent characteristics of ‘Nurimaeg’.
Table 1
Variety Leaf Culm Spike Awn Growth habit
Color Length Width Length Diameter Type Density Length Brittless
Nurimaeg Green Medium Medium Long Medium 2-row Compact Long Good Ⅰ
Hopum Green Medium Medium Long Medium 2-row Compact Long Good Ⅰ

‘Hopum’ is a check variety to comparing to the characteristics of ‘Nurimaeg’. These properties were investigated in paddy field condition at Jeonju region in 2016

Table 2
Heading and maturity dates of ‘Nurimaeg’ in the regional yield trials from 2014 to 2016.
Table 2
Field condition Location Heading date (Mon.day) Maturity date (Mon.day)
Nurimaeg Hopum Nurimaeg Hopum
Upland Jeju 4.7 4.8 5.17 5.16
Paddy Jinju 4.16 4.16 5.19 5.18
Naju 4.8 4.9 5.25 5.23
Jeonju 4.15 4.15 5.23 5.22
Mean 4.13 4.13 5.22 5.21
Mean 4.12 4.12 5.21 5.20
Table 3
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Nurimaeg’ from 2014 to 2016.
Table 3
Field condition Cultivar Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spikes per m2 No. of grains per spike 1,000-grain weight (g) Liter weight (g)
Upland Nurimaeg 81 5.5 862 23 40.2 669
Hopum 89 6.1 746 26 38.5 663
Paddy Nurimaeg 73 5.5 795 22 45.6 700
Hopum 79 5.8 719 22 45.6 681
Mean Nurimaeg 77* 5.5* 829ns 23* 42.9ns 685ns
Hopum 84 6.0 732 24 42.1 672

ns and * mean no significant and significant at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively

Table 4
Yield of ‘Nurimaeg’ in the regional yield trials from 2014 to 2016.
Table 4
Field condition Location Nurimaeg (kg/10a) Hopum (kg/10a)
2014 2015 2016 Mean 2014 2015 2016 Mean
Upland Jeju 579 518 387 495ns 493 439 293 408
Paddy Jinju 593 435 505 511 426 394 447 422
Naju 342 376 388 369 362 313 337 337
Jeonju 338 186 246 257 261 176 199 212
Mean 424 332 380 379ns 350 294 328 324
Mean 463 379 382 408ns 386 404 420 345

ns means not significant at α=0.05 by t-test.

Table 5
Resistance to Barley yellow mosaic virus, powdery mildew and cold tolerance.
Table 5
Cultivar BaYMVz (0~9) Powdery mildewy (0~9) Cold tolerancex (0~9) Lodging resistancew (0~9)
Naju (Ⅰ) Jinju (Ⅳ) Iksan (Ⅲ)
Nurimaeg -v - 1 5 5 1
Hopum - - 5 9 5 5

zInvestigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). BaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

yDisease incidence induced natural infection at green house at Jeonju for three years.

xCold tolerance was tested at Unbong, about 500 meter above sea level region from 2014 to 2016.

wLodging resistance : field condition (0 tolerant, 9 weak).

v(-) means that BaYMV was not detected in Naju and Jinju.

Table 6
Comparison of grain quality between ‘Nurimaeg’ and ‘Hopum’.
Table 6
Cultivar Assortment rate (%) Protein (%) β-glucan (%) Husk rate (%) Germination energy (%) Germination capacity (%) Water sensitivity
Nurimaeg 90ns 10.8ns 3.3* 13.7ns 94ns 97ns 18*
Hopum 90 11.3 4.1 13.4 94 98 25

ns and * mean no significant and significant at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively

Table 7
Comparison of malt quality between ‘Nurimaeg’ and ‘Hopum’.
Table 7
Cultivar Malt yield (%) Acrospier length (%) Extract (%) Soluble protein (%) Kolbach index (%) Diastatic power (WK) Friability (%)
Nurimaeg 80.6ns 81.1ns 72.8ns 4.2ns 38.9ns 243ns 81.5ns
Hopum 83.4 69.1 73.3 3.8 34.0 294 65.4

ns means no significant at α=0.05 by t-test.

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A Malting Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety, ‘Nurimaeg’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Lodging Stress
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(4):539-547.   Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2021.53.4.539
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A Malting Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety, ‘Nurimaeg’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Lodging Stress
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(4):539-547.   Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2021.53.4.539
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A Malting Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety, ‘Nurimaeg’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Lodging Stress
Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of malting barley variety, ‘Nurimaeg’.
Fig. 2 Plant comparison of ‘Nurimaeg’ (a) and ‘Hopum’ (b) in paddy field.
Fig. 3 Electrophoresis result of malting barley varieties using CAPS maker. (a) PCR products (184 bp, 241 bp) (b) Restriction product of endonuclease AvaⅠ, AvaⅡ. M: ladder, A and F: Misato golden (rym5), B and G: Nurigmaeg (rym5), C and H: Miharu golden (rym5), D and I: Jinyang (susceptible), E and J: Mokusekko3 (rym1+5)
Fig. 4 Powdery mildew comparison of ‘Nurimaeg’ (a) and ‘Hopum’ (b) in green house.
Fig. 5 Lodging comparison of ‘Nurimaeg’ (a) and ‘Hopum’ (b).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

A Malting Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety, ‘Nurimaeg’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Lodging Stress

Inherent characteristics of ‘Nurimaeg’.

Variety Leaf Culm Spike Awn Growth habit
Color Length Width Length Diameter Type Density Length Brittless
Nurimaeg Green Medium Medium Long Medium 2-row Compact Long Good Ⅰ
Hopum Green Medium Medium Long Medium 2-row Compact Long Good Ⅰ

Heading and maturity dates of ‘Nurimaeg’ in the regional yield trials from 2014 to 2016.

Field condition Location Heading date (Mon.day) Maturity date (Mon.day)
Nurimaeg Hopum Nurimaeg Hopum
Upland Jeju 4.7 4.8 5.17 5.16
Paddy Jinju 4.16 4.16 5.19 5.18
Naju 4.8 4.9 5.25 5.23
Jeonju 4.15 4.15 5.23 5.22
Mean 4.13 4.13 5.22 5.21
Mean 4.12 4.12 5.21 5.20

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Nurimaeg’ from 2014 to 2016.

Field condition Cultivar Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spikes per m2 No. of grains per spike 1,000-grain weight (g) Liter weight (g)
Upland Nurimaeg 81 5.5 862 23 40.2 669
Hopum 89 6.1 746 26 38.5 663
Paddy Nurimaeg 73 5.5 795 22 45.6 700
Hopum 79 5.8 719 22 45.6 681
Mean Nurimaeg 77* 5.5* 829ns 23* 42.9ns 685ns
Hopum 84 6.0 732 24 42.1 672

Yield of ‘Nurimaeg’ in the regional yield trials from 2014 to 2016.

Field condition Location Nurimaeg (kg/10a) Hopum (kg/10a)
2014 2015 2016 Mean 2014 2015 2016 Mean
Upland Jeju 579 518 387 495ns 493 439 293 408
Paddy Jinju 593 435 505 511 426 394 447 422
Naju 342 376 388 369 362 313 337 337
Jeonju 338 186 246 257 261 176 199 212
Mean 424 332 380 379ns 350 294 328 324
Mean 463 379 382 408ns 386 404 420 345

Resistance to Barley yellow mosaic virus, powdery mildew and cold tolerance.

Cultivar BaYMVz (0~9) Powdery mildewy (0~9) Cold tolerancex (0~9) Lodging resistancew (0~9)
Naju (Ⅰ) Jinju (Ⅳ) Iksan (Ⅲ)
Nurimaeg -v - 1 5 5 1
Hopum - - 5 9 5 5

Comparison of grain quality between ‘Nurimaeg’ and ‘Hopum’.

Cultivar Assortment rate (%) Protein (%) β-glucan (%) Husk rate (%) Germination energy (%) Germination capacity (%) Water sensitivity
Nurimaeg 90ns 10.8ns 3.3* 13.7ns 94ns 97ns 18*
Hopum 90 11.3 4.1 13.4 94 98 25

Comparison of malt quality between ‘Nurimaeg’ and ‘Hopum’.

Cultivar Malt yield (%) Acrospier length (%) Extract (%) Soluble protein (%) Kolbach index (%) Diastatic power (WK) Friability (%)
Nurimaeg 80.6ns 81.1ns 72.8ns 4.2ns 38.9ns 243ns 81.5ns
Hopum 83.4 69.1 73.3 3.8 34.0 294 65.4
Table 1 Inherent characteristics of ‘Nurimaeg’.

‘Hopum’ is a check variety to comparing to the characteristics of ‘Nurimaeg’. These properties were investigated in paddy field condition at Jeonju region in 2016

Table 2 Heading and maturity dates of ‘Nurimaeg’ in the regional yield trials from 2014 to 2016.
Table 3 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Nurimaeg’ from 2014 to 2016.

ns and * mean no significant and significant at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively

Table 4 Yield of ‘Nurimaeg’ in the regional yield trials from 2014 to 2016.

ns means not significant at α=0.05 by t-test.

Table 5 Resistance to Barley yellow mosaic virus, powdery mildew and cold tolerance.

zInvestigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). BaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

yDisease incidence induced natural infection at green house at Jeonju for three years.

xCold tolerance was tested at Unbong, about 500 meter above sea level region from 2014 to 2016.

wLodging resistance : field condition (0 tolerant, 9 weak).

v(-) means that BaYMV was not detected in Naju and Jinju.

Table 6 Comparison of grain quality between ‘Nurimaeg’ and ‘Hopum’.

ns and * mean no significant and significant at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively

Table 7 Comparison of malt quality between ‘Nurimaeg’ and ‘Hopum’.

ns means no significant at α=0.05 by t-test.

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