Skip to main navigation Skip to main content

Korean. J. Breed. Sci. : Korean Journal of Breeding Science

OPEN ACCESS
Search
Advanced Search
ABOUT
BROWSE ARTICLES
EDITORIAL POLICIES
FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Articles

Page Path

New Cultivar Developed

유전자 보유 키다리병 중도저항성 중만생 최고품질 복합내병성 내도복 다수성 신품종 벼 품종 ‘안평(安平)’

박동수*, 이지윤, 조준현, 이종희, 강주원, 조수민, 권영호, 이소명, 이샛별, 오성환, 신동진, 김병주

Development of Mid-Late Rice Cultivar ‘Anpyeong’ Harboring qBK1, a Variety Resistant to Bakanae Disease with Premium Eating Quality and Multiple Disease Resistances

Dong-Soo Park*, Ji-Yoon Lee, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Jong-Hee Lee, Ju-Won Kang, Sumin Jo, Yeongho Kwon, So-Myeong Lee, Sais-Beul Lee, Sung-Hwan Oh, Dong-Jin Shin, Byeong-Ju Kim
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2022;54(2):143-148.
Published online: June 1, 2022

국립식량과학원 남부작물부 논이용작물과

Paddy Crop Research Division NICS, RDA, Milyang, 50424, Republic of KoreaJFIFddDuckydqhttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/ Adobed     ! 1AQa"q 2#w8B36v7XRr$9bCt%u&Ws'(xy4T5fH  !1AQaq"2B Rbr#u67Ѳ3sTt5v8Sc$4ĂCÔ%UӅFV ?_Aנj- H>>,m*>fzp"TrKkr^r.|_&]|*vPuܶvoQ1mwVJUhu-I"=LniAƕ8"۲ k*ҿ[yu:.vUQ+)%F DHyVBk>Hy8jݹ q~9D4KRmzQ)^ʔ.J%k_tVi5NTjg!'ky|5asOȻ)R۸ߩFMԿ3L4j6dڜ#NIwUF]JqB/(FafJRzq3\G՛ ?~\ 6)6W4m[O^L0E&rRMض*C .]Unl-1 1r#Rj/&QɈ׉˩s6Rj=5Tg.y.·Pӡ:JJS:C8-2u]d&vUz;7p9 5VnL֢"y)">iי(IDDd| Yj0; LRfS:ktYK%*N2^m|&dğth":ey)uPQZW)gcC3Pv&MMWd&Ŵ۲mvTRoժM03*F3Yd6\8,\hݻ kߔi<k NTwSԪmljj[>->ptU%'LR>&EBH$MQAUx[$Z6vi&_a.KIQ{hyƒ j"JOC9eFҝfj;˚Ω<[3_m% lQ@4g=5$(J]Yc-OMq<Ǎ wSzڗ)k$7VIP붾ͯnV+卵*t]iЎD31~SA1éC2u)ʼnQn-Uoi3:grI8ؓWm*G zܕ)ZקJ}Y YlGeJ6cB2I NS3Q>k=KTBT]W6+SOXQgGR? telˊ%-Re\hѯ2TF"C/OJΩ6r[N.0{SpljjX1“jOsӥ;ҭhe}xu`Ք&.)yO̒ Fߑ.$Qw;9Iw2o+RVJMSOj[SoҌZ%;`d$blQ{Ro{Imڌ>3egf\O֝Uzx"䢸g+mv%Gʆ:|V[N'&ס-ޝ'kfE|K,G&˳98Juin/\\Qݿ̋v~Ǩ!rtWU d|E߫R4d}.qPw*Ӭv5YEcn~f5c%MTMkb-F>5JT,})QHg%{("ӔȸWMsYyWNRrkkJr0XドnͫT}r-jj,Ŕʍ\Q2Ri>v$5!]"JB2WɅ)]VԜUc8i|.jeRO6^V.¸ Q&#|ܶ-*uOG%JAtRZRr]FFG\۩w+?'zչSѧt jz>KW&ot{7P&2D;&\\>Q2JzܗAKSfeNn[jRrԕf6,q,F1tRfԗ>vֶևj-&R'Zi2=xv~Elbsvm8=ӛ"ū񕜈BȩlWau[]ٷBߨF~J!|Ipr3R̴#Yp)={7:G{+:\W}n|Q#%)7^-h"Ƒq:M*%J&$T軨I333׎g_- ucBwwjp[6i25$̏bU’ٱRv?G\~#Iͪb7<<}Ezt" q_Inw,7-d,G÷%T* Wg1"䥱kq/A.,_KhqŒxwvo u2ۥۧ.bQ}XκA$֣ +K״ZUNmڸII{.v{5z5ѮRme[moyƾd~cRݾK'j.\i&/S6f|b=5: p!6i_ 4j6=.si˧eƾtS^c.Y^RJVS-Vi3,esi08?H$GvZgg?gi䤟2adw릿:"۪lkSN>q-4kI܋ێe̊qۅgDoѨ9; #T.Q;7#~_Ufstb_'w~Xw1Xk,vcOt._}v}8"(4Z\ۘgk?J?bm_c!g{HZV]Fkk%~gEt)b秴vΰB|꽸}mp~E6ݹv;7P٤v+ri*3Ԣ|'O14_~7nP{7ZU\Vű[ +7󖱅o#:ǥŬ\|3r%TJX]V7ez¨Y]lc|O3V! R zbJ'PnGqVJ"19WVeOF埜EaEJωqCN5Z g-9[S<$sUK5b|7sn\7x qmv##FF\ w[=-43$^ooVSiXօv7iB۴yg>]Vf"r$J3""32!Zh[K%7GvNLs+4nB/B{vlsobJaҺJR:0g%&zR\ S3T[&ִor*ⷳc3ʊO[iozW٨%$gn:ܶWwFBԹjHP&z u&F2\f;ipW73 [; '_̽b;vib!oec dC-tS__$Xs]l9&z$2/N>%'[}b{h/{`{Ji׉׏ YJB/X%}.|+{(S:qz]4_Kѵo`^tY_4S#* ^zvݾMr+TrkQ g.8Ͽ^i>ӈǙvix>$o( ^qt*&t1oJVu-ql5U6jCЉmĻ*"?JT=K'O/|=Vo}l0b}}f?X[?/\JSBe,kP8ETJ==?.p5ފgbU9}ǶdNKk—_$8̸͓ۍ8Di\BԿ-1v{FF]|.^ۅ{vl12׏z7-R7wE?\nh\jN/Kձr_oBw"N QMBZqe-m:ӨSn6j4%!hQ;sv'm4kcM=!8\m[M4{SMliۇ%eֽR&N:{2A8)THLK3Zj[jPBx#BگMf:G1\`edcʮ?|w(-̮vXt,bW2;.ιNHRR#YwTM"<;mk\.foIDjmlJ;vxy7o7i\,KQŊ9d^Mmgc L*.T6tLeIuOH3SJQ3=F/ʿ<9\JM6mN6=<{xkP!F1QR[I$6ُimXu2An2yԒMU q f[IB-'䤯jYm52&JG\zд\~vdg QtHGXw&1Lw+nDEdC1w|YJmvP)HZ>i0BPβә?R:QO["]I_Jʏۍ>QKyu^bycBq4lXF~l [\*N>-J6,Gq(Zr5h]CwYӤU~ʶߑ u*SIv%ZfJ7)! FS*s_\|IŸZ)J ]ܜi4"z[+Z,MOZ))}|Ʀ(RUNIII.S'ˍO~˨rn}M)xxӕ0 eyҵ7YMAB]ӣU:/ѭ*6bcwP͵ "+qēVjŹO|GtY4V j[mLV M -m>",B$ GD1~j6O4|LxnNmqATNR3ε|DŽa[fmn-ڭ+FiK7Pcm;r5 l8r{#-]'nrFh2ruycb;pW=njRqRJ(d mnpckNnʹ+6]tz~E=ʕ l ZZ5jSi3#47.Lcfe`9؏v囜.F\-UZ:*0_<Νu9Lӵm&)_3\^ҹ3"1n1v_|uRʞͫr'iȧN_kH׺8xXrj=\МH)V\ˬ.Xʸ oVRC}ySU9/OBY먌5 ٿwޞ)rw8Ӫi5*5ZΗcGƱ !ZۄlmpjJ -l <R̵/JAպZuq\IdUS 48wXJJtcg4cI~aqߓwŷrm-v)G7yS^7H^-\mŌAq|"m9IBnF㏉9[N+mmy/!KKۉ%n +BdddfFF6FQRN-U5;Sv'm4kcM=Mn)\qιqUd9F%",6MGdT%-+~ f%+y֛^3SrF>6lc(֪vۊN;g._0Sѧ]ETWرkQKzGe9ʨsKA"yC y2\[5 rԭ7Gk5Mzw_4sM3hxЊ'oÍ5jsub )ͪ~tR2H]R͍>̋m6=%(˿(Wrr-܅y5(ܔJ޺YunW̹븹NsqK ]/QR#"ZMDfD|43Qw|._ԡSqTZBg??O Ϥ)/E_U|i}2 9Z?¹0:x'3,whǣ?C y-A~=daJј&M?D1_PS+Oi&;a @;Dž7[ zZC"bv:jjMQk$M RԸ3uA\=wI.AwC"^.{?-\NSiˏ"b}T/}q/ o.1M}R%:-ZniʒL$SgrBW*,Mw'N\ɇ{s\j]VryG'8f`}'N<*/`U숻z CwHq18J+vԕKss4R53/&XTt1bZƟo\=%nO)h$rBi-nKĪ^ ջڜlwkYm[̑+/QrZo%TQ;TLs($2C:s.%+eoNttq۰kK7O0m_t_pZ1SsSM7"mevFZ[w -FJ*T*jФQRg BSu|]g:ɵzjqwmltL.e3sRMچkSmjkmWœިm++¦'tILk*բQ D,PB\lI[9{%Gb R6öۍmX-MaʉA931cs..G4CujQտ[9 }G-xwl)IQz j Ó"rqe&=]꾧֎c)<kӳ+0JrRR3'TnXi^xMF Bު*tIL.[h"2"nKzZe'ZV/RrNYz]8죝n]Ķܩ>^Ժ]u-7^\mZjܣ9+Rmn ߑv?oꋘ?&ƪy^N4o=3-ؔ̿*`}V݁ ƒPu8%$ ݗ]wt;\y\>='OjPIp/nJU8{϶FNMsf"ίNqƹ(+ ݮF2Km |jܴZs%zf*eȫ?]4)I۵nR&FX + [jDh(#哑9q9Eծj8noǕZf\J-l&Z˫}`ӎhyrΉn\űn]9pʌӣ"׮Wt?N4_I_~54#/my1Xr*척aS#DT >q ssΛW;3oUaJSRMDgQnt:Ql,/ ܷfRqiM Ȼ>Cob;A>ڦWقM9X~/!'MW.}Vrߔꔵ!5|iB(0-zF=}okڢE$^wW~nokY߮\6՜̌{i-AF*9)\t9IV6۸5ZUF6R$ŨQIq砳YUZ]eyv >hI櫥N )&l JulwE1GDOuFN2| }馥uC1rޫV+^gdb&W[4<^e4YW,d|htͮsUM)۸8:{3d{AѢ)~ \#J=NdƮꮓ90 |1K$v*?мS ]i$J,C,SG?/_՜pMSƯM|mG1V1$~K>CSvkuj=&) -,yLjuFHK{c駗.SOua;BrSqj-ۍZ#'Jys7[g2z/.u4+XV2VQ.ޕ)$"(%)#Z7suZ%j }BǬݕe)Jvz8zJf:hIN|svO1O#IEcۍjݽ:SdὮvu^@:o^5cs>i/VqmVm]ؔܢn6'vޑ̗J4Wn@OlKbX ;n:hgJ9ŻyǑz8f܌q&Y fN0N;[69 rbׅC2/#kE l&2~èMR.*%g=Ft.%؝e8<.e=Uv{~㻏"EˑnvDѭ͜Lu3u0:U֝$[M5<:oi+V4V9 6nXvx&_ q Qqw3W:uϔ2yb/(ɳ|5zQiJ#r|Hw#.W?4aDŲ\ugWG;Cw鐢K|xg)##=O.dF˟jMUvWĻsr.z]kPc9"]R)mkfOd*uYf١RsB Aîh=k]ʳUrrZsq`d#r$/Ը3o^&lRWȍyuW̦Y4QDUMJ65ƒ[+ygk XK_±k#y:8(TJOSQhJt2.DR}"5[) r)6V6u5k:eXZmv𭤔!푊Q[qQ}ҹLE- 8qIZG|UM4j}Mܕ[Vwm{} Naqµ"ԈM zOpKѰ?IAD3Ir0'/q1itoB5{%wkOBn-ۜduqIzYK60{+DʕܞqIt";r1mG/\/ym[6JƫR \L=S=OT@Ix[TMm{>ݾտ֒ݸӉLYIx>+"JVNzx||5rI?C{oz8۹e\R-^\A2F R+N9 vlT]"ۭ d)t֞i #E2jB@׵=#/N+!ĕhx}I!cM`ąZ*ŻɄҒ߮Y.Z}='/oۙ3IpW̮hT7cTSuz9>B}΄&h!>lӵn~j˅IvU.'v'CSZw8QK3G> ,J59ٷ+HSg䧎hJdzvwv-cvxS5[̊n~ؿ%ַX?O0\6ne 6kn9.ϯ} *h 8_QhLݣ7q +=XBҲ5?[[)+F`=4 }B,sNg==u*Nj9k_GJ)+R~GSPBȒZ:(K]heL=vKPӢwq(NrG^ثϣ?#tC?.ͼ[ۅo؞y#%ǛjVyLSw%T*s92JTM%"YkQО.q)gCͲn8cgi6j1MѾ[{9h^vƘǚםidfi.^RHmg&rׇz:}݃}xT$ضk'5s-狶,\vpbPD،=Okf.c#cdz2FK5T!&)|ntD<+OŹU i-G[EE*FDfeaf2QƤM\UG_{ǹm%\yrGy:.\4wjPGUJޕUV7Do\7Vy_13w;[?c]H\$IJ,*L]3b%L{y.JRKG2sq,B6T}(#nW|km+q5] r㪍bJ@y{byz,b踊3ϻJ,'^xd،)JVw#.Vټc''ÝպWtbRؒJz۠8!o9IۄS95E9ؔ-e9JR{dmnｯ<[~n${~Њ$W?&ՐY_? #a.ߑv?oꋘ?&ơ|y^N4o=3t=~7!/M3>n8W홎2M`Qx+ z qy8%]7_~540ۦ彷]Wq CѡwkďyF5Dum_}~P(5.(X,K9vᯐ?leB9;Jhm#3{CxGE-S{;@Fz˙]=O'!ɿ]' r`:7'2bЖ>Iy,/eTy/V<.H?UYY{\^#ѣr9^7?xoRȆ7EoS_&??zϾM?(~Q-K&>"~aߨ t7Emsϛ+?;fCr)fY+>z$tIkjn_>vnrֳki-˹l= t;'EyC¥|/BLwBJdgjۛ$s S1|ɍV%JI6KvəhzIlBYɒ|0"Sy0F>eo5W)O+X˻u';v)2vVq۳kۮws?UʑBǴYO漪e2MIjPAک\b1)DDؚKm6ZWΨgȕ۶yjڳ 2ضN[C[|r@9Jfo<_eI7q.|cÊV߷:i.:$ȋ)1%%)ADZCEBxJ0MJۥy(bNsKM9k43IwNt.\%N簤I'.j|ƃ2$grBEٌ\}9:v*!n7M(ɽ]7c@XxƱԨ37īf62cTTfFK]9wntQHͮvٱI/f|j=7}\_V5U^+:uljSȃY(XI.ȱmo1甅jڎIZ2>#\*:gY|4k\8ZwSqtyA!+];бޞKծË¥e)#5ap.QK^8VdU{*ѽL\=qmjnB5>{ Ӟ`v±5 ^k&O~Oshɷ,;6nOW>u6{RqS`)S%jp\ipdEBLfTWy$GIYw~䲭J.1vSY5z.V>^+Ǎvc.I[R{QsNR3ӎfhd>y?UJ*}~[e\i5U^͛E]G_FS(Iɿ]i8:4zj~շsW,ˆsy:%O}iur]iF5~3M:Ӟ#N06)4ߧgdawIotiz:1r5YDZLHBSi;NQc44la=Y kQIT*ըl:tq2(է9VO4뒳܂~2rq'nrVZŦ[t7\oլfb/mlpc.I8콚q^1iE~䰳mi[dۧw֤ICfdFeCsg:i| 6擣׋* 96lust^{%99UNRvaMܽo ammi$em4D6DD\nA%$$#}۷/ݕr99JMն[oT޲E"KTaP+HGkŴj5TM5xƱOS-k`ۛkٝWz;{kS}F;~q|~^_|euwnE'pSupUP)V]vE+t =ZRaVdG6= *.ϼnj9:UɷbېmF_tޫgHjVS'śǕًdkkѻ_]Kv?nT>)^e=Ar1'3ԔILyD?:-^in):{7.؂\.:V }#뺾.3r̸*xbFM aȵz 6SQ:ײj[ 8nn iFMw rR"5M5I旘35f^j='j:nNW.ʭocZvZKV^ɚJ.cM1ZI7E'6rg탸5oZ=[m Z`\hbMUR١Ȗĉ):Jin!_7Dй+f̷eKҷvͨBPR(V`y6tw*MRΝcB.ڭTnc;P$8nFvm4(D(R#R-L -2:FP lxZKQc6I("Km%$E, 78uXIFA$RQI$JbInG]c[ֹ:ZM+n^')JmJMJRu{e)7jQDw~%yQl}BZujSSf۩QZ+Dzhd5o%BIc'GZ?}΍:>Ɵivז-%݌J5MqGWTVʦh݇ܟ~Օ_6 n'{3~mϬj'J11OȻn߃r Qr\3y٘+WӍ'WxEs^O3 o~[|7>]]H9݇ZomT@]?5B:Z߂'`V_+/MSKX߆ޠk3?o7y:4R/7þ] iG߬aBRU&?r&/} cQߥGj2?C5Yśe7hU=?+ x龳f-܈czW^7p%-(\D4h{UK&ӡn^m]Fݢ:`δvj俜F+) y[{{ 7 tu>gvrěOj'5 iRg[ͶFjGe n~qT$ci ۚ0oԹc*jL[sVWqj\ݻ&6"WoK:cnWmrv)o>66(F>=W^bf#c zzʞtپy%mՉPël e}J.\Zk4ttt>oEM=q)hJjI=ͥ(%]脼_88ф;͛gWG;Cw~˘$4=uWdĜTثNDkiQL9U*O"4XP`02,Ge-k5$h>ܼ]3vr6!9RQPIVSnM(ۓ{>;/Qͱv{3&-[rc)ܚI$n{Sv3[j00)-D3z}MRzVQпj,T[uVs0\}Sid;r(ݝJ>æʺL&c[jPK0~d(FKÝW\m]GTcF|Iׁ)I3~#oX%vҦEݑؼ5Żv2qAZTE^..M{ʐfȏ2##.R}*KʛZz^ӞN*lPťLf\G6[WVQquV]XAi)5J!,$iJ6o$tPZc;Kjx_n3`qIelV~vLy{fn匋Ѿn%;zV.n'-ұdd2߽1bZksPe3TI9)$ԩIN9Vơ\=2885N\ p)/a柛w9g_lױo8ݷ iixJV& ғRi{N^_oAŮE6Y7I$Nk$|Q)-*4Z)^¸%4Qm [I%.c-OV+C֧R#%ѨCe3i;w$G+_dy| Fzj$DI(=OA gj%v/]8qԯNIS*֩',Q%\44ZZ%D|Ǧʴ6&vֵI$%8(ԬƾS&#Z. }6z?b/|Jl{ץv&mpx4Z$”ڝ4-H%dGKfM:sKSRWeJAn]>s6应-W9'H]'uȫYvgK^\czp|My\鏩w/ËQ.)]\QiS`8uL뚛̸=J"ܻi\å'-)54Ue]:K\퓡vK xwBqrH\*֕TnzC.mT=t-H]SČ~Nu╏NÅ3f|͡G~B+Xm[Q7U{9"~jgK Zoʰ7"qJ,ekSeNGgϳ] ^.6:s}_,%eRg<5⿨z{ZPun#jRІ.6g T.!]xa c#jN$Zpl̋H WZu8WmMRýsĮ?Mco~sx TU҆Q :KDG4n42.<3/'^?6/ܠڒ^yrrÿr2\D}}B]^E~^T cɛ7϶Y[<֞[7d}2%QPqOLEQR\CIsj1?\}%tJ0e~ *sk"*)&ۓEi#{1J8Hrt|'ܝRr8)=ƔN'RVz:cf]F7bZyZUȘ4x8,#JG̒?.W9XnO]KO]%]ƻ O5Γ/3qÓj؍/r̺rƵ 5\&m6h.xoeX[=<3%< lZ"2h\Z[&jW3ejm?k&[]ųj+{N{66leu_+lj]q* 7g*knأYv= q ەdxЬZ|%GUrQ3jLŒqET]1% qkXYūYc[7Ś]QY\jko\</Lc7+'hMSUc6qXyؙ~6#ѯv.0$BQi5YyIhɍiy=KD!n3Vm[V%W-B%swa97ajۗ m+9~]fKq|Ddaˑ0A]_v޺mM5* F-BYHJ5}q>ʉ.6hyDmpD׬'-_v5;5[8K[viJ.3dR:oYHHh9I7:۽fi+wm^ [)odPѱ52CZUJicSw\&_s0uBȍh32džzQflcd^m|7GѹE!fO5]]H9݇ZomT@]?5B:Z߂'`V_+/MSKX߆ޠk3?o7y:4R/7þ] iG߬aBRU&?r&/} cQߥGj2?C5Yśe7hU=?+ x龳f-܈czW^7p%5|Y:SJE\U-(a_cƣUǽXXKiȞNlmۊڭڄR!**ܤMeȽ$|X5(Ź\rJ~ܮ]>'HB0cp XFr_c?f?7<ukSgov¥iG>>䙗i.+t+bOjIܶ . i^:nm}s}(3>NZ$2Qg([".>i.ƾ)B̋M8+"- >eE6DݥJnJˣt׻ 5.˅nJGwZD~!i۶a,Db3ZQ3O#KO5/֍ozuK'GbRi᝘NV_ҝcvם ZoX}F6z 7e5_e:ۓj=AB+iܔERadMBq*ԯ DwI/Gy*mĥiRKg6skY/#SN4e$-yXM YL?^ĸNNӪ{$r1JJRSLO]Aqm>V/s[~i/j+m>z}eI"Qvp]{ZԼ:{vPAG2=T͡@ڐ#u"E*>C;o$~C#_d/HBq^YRٽzIKbOm\~żjFFGdiQ(*/i*#.FF]©m=BmpQQQSP&Ҫ!T&^>:y)$ˑÐFčI Bӡ-t!bM WҦŶ'UZ=}zvn~oT/\ǒ'nr8 AJIӆz<^uߖ4eFC1i+v!3qNyߕni?4JZlmYFXFۼO0B\m[ tʄU3s"Sr(NJ;SKW72L4̏BVdf^Ҹj\]ȱ۪(ӷm?J-KEmWڽ^4<8qu%9pŹW~877ܾeVгS(յe^C]yX͹! םm4FGȋ\y'Z FX7e)|Gjt߹#gb\ŧq_([R8[qU$Z (ʻezV2V!iQ,i$JE˂٩ a(GK'O{vnBvryRd-RK4=qxZJMl_CuuIz @Rt㮽޳!|68\-l[џ84-2Pu" RJ_^OL>G1~XnBŬw6J0*Uvlږ1N G1q9IUm*'oWu][&UyYZbBZRZNfEJf"+2nF~Eû7n1xv.RUM$6 lAxSQJ&n5ܞwlEói"#>4׿Q.nEq7Oko[1wg8ZQwZYiqtm&~">Bo?w͡ni2峋NCEy Ҕ+%ZJ ʩq*fpˤl,~^Mχk1+:ݕ z&Y`KLӪУDr3[*Z :(SL&ݻ۬Vqsyԭs x|iI߽zZrg.:mp%6ԜvgmpIUt;QbS.Է) ǨKSV,*lڌ|5Jt3#NP.=+OZ~/G سIgbꥹJnl_DUM\iM!֔wVZuԺ,yV.Q>f v:݇WiaŸN5Ҕ[M7SsrvǣrMW= \8ZW-jsnڕ.ZnF2qt ً[ٻޘY۷Zm"Jxr&NAfA-݌to9s359݆mZ+N1-qS$D=17 x׵+%_ ve4ir6Z$FDڗnFtOr'7'{9C˨ꤡaYoace{Refnft RR"4%ʌm:Sj3)OdInTO>X'vxV#jܮw9Fog;5.~Y5\~18YQܹvj4+~t7S ﬕs %^۵ڴDZV69R^Y+rj$ԇoJKR5wB9C>Y:l+EǎS{ʲ{T6Wi* ^^9k/y/Cs\g*qڵgn4T8mERr|Ti+iPe;;.i\EBEJ 丬i9ɧM-ԼsGDrZ>r#R>~X9y4b棇9JwV۔%m(b[Tjvl}۩~nDԺ{Zo-YuK1vx.nWuO+jN [ٮ0%"΢CdTJK-RަH"$I(*ve &҉FzB,_Vpqp9m8werv')E;o&QE׵^d9˦j\_,ڵugZȻ̧8k+jK{wmr@3ӭ2 wFkzFVqs1؛.v'I%$[iT]D5Dl2 nk7qUxԫLS+sا3/ΖeZYK<["%-g/kRs:f3;*E ت wJ%)5&+&rw*霣i|sMҴ|;R+fm䡩.!**dӶ-6s6,]zAXMWjmnz%SJߴm2UXw7MQ%<!tKys#P,W>s;3IYwx<+i_\\\U6 u7P|xbn_k&ӓVOe䦒 VUr,-㘘"-LZeOSҠթrEvq8Kf%5%&K"#%vD/.ZYYŏ+p$nZkvއuW9㓱Z G wYIFyf)?ƎUm5ԉ/'k84{KO:rQI}XRuԪ|*lu)3qZ[mSm5R3".Xcَ5c®ࢫI*۳~wRϿQWޝ(EJrri&ۥ^ʶ齲Im|[yb;mnm֩uiܘq>E+Ikx߄3r33-5𹻖09ϖ9[Tz~mr5NsWl$oPusޛ^{Z;);sڹf\3oٹZmԉ/'k84{NO:rQIBø8Bݱ3n֤DiK4u& ofSȒܩx<˘|N0Fչ]qsp"}! QWw@t4ӭ+cO5%]'*{eM߲DRO1y*q8w++e!c߶ܪlZWّM欼 CQ̼빶lX{vib/V/ ai;x6~]+z]MWB>re-:lgk}պ!#9?%܋V-c[z!W?c7YNm/jRr[HOzԻefճ0q15Zp#rkQQ0tU-AmڵP/cȕ?0cZYj;:0ZM=D6g ?'UN+ձ[K ܖB2'xq9{|۫N0ku 7xaj;n\ 2[VznMlWiKbSk))f..)Km)&bGZ=>OR܍W:j'rM'wYz&/鶧{Sʵb"vջq[I-ՌZH._x*BagC'T(Q:$ͳQcMCKy?3g'ߝqnT);qs #ؤZ}OOI:cfnc8W~qy.;^pVl]Hԓ>^H^@7-AA܃nmL(uWܻS߿ Td95Bdh4t6*dDh!EhI[iŨ\L.&Nc ܮf^;$R)\rip9I|ٺ?#R.ZDZ;/]nݻqs\QE9M&Bd ]N mN*D>tgbK>+ˏ.!23]BȔR1ɝ^j'k2ƮqBQq[$di]icV/e`޵B.FIIJqbi>Ӥ|p; 6${)RU>_e}^dzdfzi %ekRVUS?6'hׂ)5.\+qUgzE2C˷ecŏ^֔ibk shesFWJ#~> Wk~ݨ}ڶ>ơǚ)׽ZƉo~B-ڼrvoE:Ʃ3ۣK7+Y`WirS):{>ڛ}:wԨ(J_";6R%[u&ƫdZ_\'np| RJwNeTW,=rrbnkڄ[M3ܴz)3- R.?:okۼ0TU'w{6&w7j1z3ON'fGoO?)S_bQ_¿R(^ԴԴG.EtMڇ&RUiW uQjU> Kiu1d<ѥIQ'RQ1:O/lŗᏩiʂv&Jc{D5 Tt)1.n[n۶X}RjqnOʽ(~[Ns{ސ⛌uO,kgo֢dRNQȄ .'6W!׌P朼tdZjFGE"]K@'i۪N;sI[{SOzk>`rRR+!σj8&TjlvA̷Q?HyjyLHNտJMjܶT۽lG?SnKN%<‘ nq[N0Sq[Ta(&t(|HGO~gvkݻTR4&Z$#ViOY1r$6YF?e4U/Mvxų:zbU^gQQ+NW_'4jfz^c'#`rvrڡ(IJ/J ݦ6 ]-CW |_{v*_q3^DZ}Ic6Uڌ8p7{crZq5ki`)mU6|-Z5^iEz3P=:Cu7DF'k%}<C-޹ֲ̱#\,(f88%X-N(ck0VLR~} G"-8ӏ/ϰKq?(#nrVTmZ;zióM4 m |UT'C^_1X.gXM{%ʤd 4\ovN":"y-,T)fLQgۢr=/CƹǨJVr[a+!rT|%Y\ٱzsS>jͱ.oOc6f$q% ǒGo;n[];ߎjrk{~\VۓNIGn:iqxo |~t5)Rxעri{Vi&NUOl_ѮMfsޕkЄay.0P{7N((BaIP$ K"U6Gl ݙqJRu+qN$ m#*p<|{:>-Ev=86N*MM긭U*uѾ?/^o7;'u,h4݌xښRM:5.(/ \իU.{F^rmF-Jɷ.>Q"[4xT^OZ~mK}T0ݛ^SAo9u?lX(' qj%=X}"^e4wˠ|rܫ 6I\Ķ;Ӻw!'ڍWg{ i U_9Avhۣƾ+:vs/MK[ɭīe{`Zgb}r[i'GE2J7Nez579wRq+Un ]J.cJ4M:h箽Wxxm^ pc\wcN%'My $$| :$Fqɏ¾^қP9J6Wxvu}ݵP>Z'FFdg"-; [¢cmWkÎT8nG%ݣ7*\խCLRYZͤiD&J#'ehbSyXK|y*ӞpS̍R`[pTr/Eg)K+92{_ n3zwz'oŸۤ+sOj J:`T>Cf*lwd\fYOP"R E֢̔L4ɥ :;.b(B02rJ蠟9>V'9M%)IqnhP<%,r'P/vNSwr#w"ݨaqc(|{kd=^0jTMR2ULNz|.<|^PfY22##!,K~E BEJۜ&jRNsHަޛg\r,v؜.jK3)[EJ2ii{KEiHP^&]Gn8x=K}Wx/KI9-ϵwQ%spܾ[^R}S3$qvq8M[ ozKxcqmJ/ӿ{_}7&ݨ\f6ZSyQz& 7ۉ[8~UNn|nkiTB+4RI8'Nc%tn{!]Ȋo.nEmʱn𵵥J A+wy#+ikǒڂ;՛s85'KmE:Ђu""Iģ5p=БbTY-ͽڔ詻ngL2Q}$de# fs^o{DUUsfwӶ;s1T,ǤtޒQ\෼J=.tKU,7čJ5 N$y3kdSMQU~mO[03 $zAڟsF5^뜞"Կ QHmrR"ӳηer+ҔZ]hE-6Jmt'ޒ=O[sQj)6K}?e4v_KfZheޓ=BV[bY}lݒTTЬ{ȫvO_qpRApVŗ 6ju=*BR)g "O1yhb=tqJ gtm\b3RY+JQ^Ō֍\յ\>+uSi{=x ^w;uӘ#ĸzLn*$anok߷CBӷ}5Yqvdž<( "_OWit5:EZj2 B ρ1̊fi[n!HQF82q1牙nqnEpT(2RMoM4ϳOu ':֧_Xjsg jP^(ڙ{2%E͖j^}ZU[Q$'U) <܂%!s"m R'G5M0<+zM6qYm$ڕ$3ǧH]?o2N<8F1̻r_my[Rf59NjpzBnl7*{.QP 3N&^BLJPjAHCK2Q}$#~YMq8 k(MFMU)8MEqTy+Tʞ-ar5yܕOXw!e;q-Jqܶ䓊Y:LC UE{/t>r"lI9)3KJjϤA 6SEE$d߇3KG*En|P\ԭTn6I-ƍKTj<1H_zwGr19wF N8ݝ+a9ɫM6mhePi%mmD! """"""*1bRKrD"vnrM۫mmĽm]ӡiG~e"˩ lhRTMk^MX["Jݱk7_ޕ*DqĒ&flՒ}`W}~SմZ{ĕ~wm*/{{ѹ_-0ط#P]xlڱ~Tn5wi*lڪ (JxioϏbqKYR|!|KN53 OS222$jzww%i}>N)E+rۥ7c$Ofl/LNث\6H9: FY󡈾I)fB֔JI_ ֣^: 9mY{66㒢7Uj]:.-os[R&gMF3˸#໹kmjq^8W"PΦURjʄWa˧T!͋ lW48JB2ko+ /Nw QwQzQ ے%$ޓ7^YL|r7!v%Trܥ &|M8~ybrn[RV gSn{{*#2#ԽᢏӴHak" ӌcwҜw&RJ07ױ>Ļ =^ BɆ)v32.M1=#6%̠tҤnzqMwԣ~s*%-j|_m*.Yx9Sz=)qE4 3pk+,`=kNRڥ=B=nŔNAx)Q$ԩȧ4z3t#Z2lҮYn$S%y- JzGpu|LBV7ZW#;Wwipܷ%(6jFG5#{$D"uۭ~]֫SrD܃fҎӾ+Tu>-ZTQ& N|$沸ii>eRWݳu'[O̻j8JۻEѩ[]vni= ڒ,[_%kC7I3Nv$4ɎЈeٸoUu:[}Do5|zNq=Tre%ɧ6&~DȍF]ƞG5q m]/w/ \ʲr8=oʔe9U(W"|S]uZd#?Se[W"ֿh][-7Nu:T=)R}.;ml*5Dlf $fF(̏T hiIUU4Szɕ t(%_|2 ~6eM;TƗK[f&]LK^CE2[ȏBOd;Mi|cx,^6;sیGpQ\NuJIFTJ~đArh* B"$H쉩eXPRj?sl"ԥ)su]xpԴY%VESH"ЋJǰ K&5^Ukzׄ8kEgS2h&Se\ Yl]WҶp-ZUvi7QS:4byqOo+[̺腋[6-_Fo.6[7$p&^ _GZԸߍkc.qqoI[9m߸YxOZЦ1uoiSH)P9Uʄjcq= S>֙NeR><;+ڌk%_qT].srNO?s[=vH[]RZHRMtᩗVؾ:/~u)ԍdg%=edVrISb{6vSu=(ܥ)mTv/J}̇8 S3ad:^hBSf؉OɔLhI_1d8,L><_A0y3rXq"'(۱;mFNII.v5_(^q~X>y{3צ I*Vܛv/jW' T'NR'j%ꔩ:mJ3SB}΋!-H-RJBТQoedi9tjENenPpke.%4]#{:>mkEɱdYWl\\\'nRM4&U>?Ќˉk÷!𴪛]]5}UqG~ݏI"O~s6(Ļ)qO~h}uԕd}Q~G,oE!&G&/]_H-O=o{k\̭bkv.Ô܈+;arZx)m?M\3lU$mk-CFXjTv6u' g:Vn_*qk:VC A%'4JV%EY)#BғO4<e׿jQQ]yUr4=wm[K1r׵%Iũ-O}|kC;/VcݩWZ)EHdžTru]8hgĵ-;=>U_ InvTm_jBM+QiF"9*{DI/iuo(=TzϖmPQl_v4z>T*ȴ>YF;ε\t]EH4ꌇ[VrLzef 2T^V>g2~kg5~Nק;{~Z~W}&ŒBӿS2$J?~(Yœ"˲ߩ\O]: J׉ښT{mmIѩn3˧)4LdFZ/zUG>U> n 5& ϴ-KJi2o]uKljvK3$bԔҚV旧iY5.ίfi96v7!v))FJM4{jG~Jt/lUE%pTAFe4qQk\ve۽/u/Im+W')v{\-E|Pms7߮DZRr۞/mu*1ՙaB܆ -xg3#6ۥtRogʌU)׎]ZҞNnŞr}F1Nnޞ;cZ{N}ۿMiuxʉ*3qi'9KHQ$WJxXyرŔe~[v5~/jN9Q4o6rJv FrdxM*iRjMzUinHdн7ᾞS=S'7 } ̽zt7K|_g J=Lq+/Bw_\ۧx\HJUPzQ<hqF[V0x==CsU7q|^ {)Iq38$_A(VgcKu06Ƅ"%i~_ˉk QCܣB8Ku/񋇵u([w}$F|8TՠI.E !;RJ^}MɒD_q2];Ɖ{5}*n7nEInO{Mwv}&q+v [V}Ĝ@%>#dXQ$f;iep.GquixVt x6bj͵mlKقQ[T]zs/&yەnM'W}!Fp_d^Tu N{ɻ'l{խ2.sTu{W^H&;1s)Pӛ6>$mě;Łnj= fLT)>׸+qReɴ[UR\L*P/!$Ӊ3Q 'K=m~6XqW3^W+ųO_[F$rR*u"T%@O +%# ]˽!aܽz{ͷvQh쩎]hGތ5ɇ*DzJDRNLi 4:{~2FmXY-zzĽ^f=]uū{/+&c:Ma{ĝDp2m܍kHș/(--m_vݮK(V{R}.k&yƴ7i^4@3f sK3^Ř˸B=]?gt5KbZB<e;kQLpxuWC}n 5ҴepB##~q= `x]KWF {GfŲ}?G.I9pjWkU]>={7q{kO/^I3==f1ɏ%nnʫ/Zu_yXN<57ۍ'vy/"8넭M2eԷ&Y,в33%IkjMr7xf nmQkX4踼>a-GcIeތw&U=-:qnW)z¥j :WqSZvԒ#j"KrIU)%qrmRoDGQ~SYRsu*V)  ,/x)MFD6O#]z 96[Ui(JRfw'y$GeUީkdMF-ݻ98F2d[o{Rn0n-xsV6Dh|Eb2E:KCOӪv4SJCr"J!!m,hRLD| ZYFm/X~ΧfrN&4Ƒ=Z9Mh.Mܵw/BdrܥniŪ8ɧ|y%œ[M=_tj?F!z5\evM:\ ~F-sg钬OWq“iiȍ<Gi%%n2rqͻllƑ)okw7}\Uk-:&fj솘XerV9yZuʼşdFC=rmo%~ZN78X(N)_7.Εn1MpJ}62jjJdI";R5&iLԸc:jmqiQj$ujp\{;v5B񥍪Xn Ą4qOERjzN(Ga٠䌡)p*v(J7#ZۻZ8O W uONb+^Qipv9GvֽƼϯrYƖKGJQDNPhRJjᡧC"21"9ѓS1;R_O7/WGz)8fE%F2ukmvSov/iZ&/]~KmI[:^~ͤ\kMi稜\ywJt3W7 8Ʒ~ݥeFgѼw"8VVSج\뻆}ݭ/J6Q)d|)zU3>k\L=;ow֯gN3pKѫ|wmkZ$z^2R:E)f>ς нd|#׆?\ǔpV{;\$ƵE%-ͪm0S6[n< kE[}mvE4DDZ^$OZ0*$~XUv҅B@^?]so#%ojw;Y#SxxueBگy v^i-)s)zV jC{7Gt.w3v,ygg8s]aE_,*E tY5k٨h=o"m泏:\6w噓aiL׎n^c\75AGkЯ0Lf46َ`egZ˓p/k;̛]kq!ݸzpԭG"}R9Ve>ˏHUjJ-&7nrnwG*Xv\˱/vN}O)ʼn&CV͍f̵]r\PMB-6Du-#RͰtRN^)mT _}nSȕC*_xBuTkJW[`ɩ`ejvsngP ڻ.-WUtܑqԹQj)t;vN&RNũT+8%IXӃ5fK՛-d9 ]CƑm|nZ-6=Hz,*aEm W3VzRšdY~Xf׀Xx"]s;)5u*ُHB BRGS6bݶؿ 9j[1*jױga7oX CUI%0v#~\-O-Ꙛuɷ쏪&5mY٦M`LJ2qK~HZbr =N'YobI. (^ ׾{_ ?OJ`S`3BN[}5w6:ǵ/iSlt=4F*d&T4y/#. ɵim5Uֲf 眕6Y7 fơ=3dϕq뚩$qTM-%r!$@A? ޾V0c~{[{;򥧅a~ڵ»&ڄv1ek=wb MLkNAԬw-x>~/r=e73VeVN)K%Sښe"+3uXuچrn ֺVzscJ峻m}vb㶓n\YbIUBT%*,0nov=;z꣓S/nSXSpl##k9mXGrZv^Gde!ŷRԠzQyjC]`gToPov{j~KRBMY}i[߶9KL2ԉO0K#m>wB[ٍ+n[[b٦DX ݲpo] [\m5qdT()mo4Oy9Ie b][wղmM~vmi۱~t \}$яimRk(L c Cvk7r9_r1 ;zv|F@KyZ[&jEji/"6$69ml#e]9s\{ScL}Ȣؿ0q/nZ*t,CLoD߉Njǚy=Pgmu6^]l-["çUʖMlʍp-"qmU>۷uFOJ%Ǔkx 'g=睋k[3u,{³WɘݪF]ՍeFX"Oy\,cچ=w/gn Ļ]#2? vqy-gXnR.^}ݺFs{ŝG]}e|#0mjx"ƬWكm?rgU^xVB":Dt>@LRbun~ݭ,w+v⪕;\U(RYa61>#Jm˞Μ9g9XKaG='u8gf}'qy#ɉw J]We.ʲ-<+&q%s?2dњztҼn`cΤmmqMdz O[-ߩӲ&;[tmܝVnr">{x<8U+p:Ig]zjGkt,uzf}dؠoJaکqEq -(:d<պ=eKy[˗^%ZXkX[C2߱\ITTLGzANM￵i]K>UsOGDDD.ZF6* ҃V Zhz{'xp^`wo8r0h ZmJ5"jb[l=yUu7-;7IT%:jFjߖm0tzU'K)څNۧYJ)4IQ}^KWm7kSP>q;ނ#)'n7&׊r?óM{IwR\j2Qn[v pe#/tAF\ϵ225q֒om6z})6҅*oqDsMf CNIN=T S2t,_ѧ}kveMF0J\Rnnݙܹy[rUc-j{yGtkQ%s]5qB.Nw.JN1LvR Ui5J ZESQԙr):MJ+g}χ!2;q([jAud][ljVK3$ײSJI=/|&tl'*n۽f.frܥ jQO8>&Z];.|7T/C}$ڋUmP2Reҭ8hFF\L 3~e v\۫]ݝNmrnB%*]Z«hKc=BTLG :V74$=Ǘy+EX'4tn(I:Ѝ;Df8c,k1%dJ6.j6ź{N~l6&*fœI7 WAlGOu-ҢH,,(ǔe뿋쩨kM܍ZſgRvQ' 9)?n|er˭|I|-fGK.rΛp8XV1%K6mvG+tc+qE&ǸC_Nm:l=_/m5^[dߌڇ.c<%:)tQ$Ow~-aY;UJ>=F)2[nk؆?훐M=l6[4(O.]2#-H^n#->&mp5~Fӛ+|| S,xag%qkEUzUgæBhߕP(7]kFnq?֖CpruZ6*rEڊtS|*tI*E}7R<,nUU֫^I7Q*mSly%rdȓd8hE<9oHhMfNSRj[i7D[Rj݊+kდq{"$$H?p\̅S?㭻;t~R߁)^/>Qj`yt[w ԛ;²~+ߔ_ YW~|o]?x^ᯛ `ʼn;g)T@vWn]>&4lp+$D̢1l|ȨF%-}.9[}w~ ԠLM9hСablfe&QoW!s?wjLK?s7yO>(=C~_nyǜu?v3vyo oI@qV-jeES^[9WoSܝh"l2C1a͔CiJ@3:Pճw=/7ovuk+\V;lDgն<[A+rX~d;m!_s8ݖ׷;;.0llUC+?i#_crʙ1~C.\–q ul8Hܶ2m`ܻM3Tov|Bs rɵ"oLS- DКw=Tv@f'6|YlD͓Y%׵-#Ѯo%:&!3o%\J<02;K87>^vgƓ# ;ݝmz^Y6=PS39U%~ &f# }o!muH;ʲŇ˷yvP+&.7e[3'vR4Yj̗IZ`e˽3o[WU{ m[sUbۋZǾۆl6~9'V*.\S2<Sd*zY[aŶ`]C$n.v^Ʌ dng>ەZ,Mmϑ :n6nϦezWqUJ4! ۇ4R! =>>Fn|Q[{pRO17ƕ~._I''00k=b՛o}Osðc2'o\3}ݭQ^2 . R1yKȣtAݿ-uܾw!`?1Whn|gzUo[ECWwjUIן)^h#1ɭ!/Z np;o;ΗŻkXs."6E`Z1 עӐ9Kl8qd q} 2Stt;#j>;խabONŗ=fwP1j)l6J̶|gV2`y/0E˛6+ԫ1? 6}KW c\KoKͨ2ۅFw–s*TԞLיuDx .kCzWXhy۶gLu|%TnupǺl-S* PRaLnT+c+*xl.v!.U=|; !_L̎뱚U=4hm:ٯ"y)$:>%(n}X'p[ȴ ^˒4kƓmzDx \ 'NqamP7nyN݅=j7%McSڵj%STy qXymvCg{w/w=wSW5r̹u erծˊsOm=DhEҚRb#n)QOxtվQwe]I}wCa'"[ۂ-z}2UuKP$㜉ԧ:mc<Ý>RoL?wu|%ҷ&K y_!y9 ??:tq3(UU-lkS'ɸ@jdzQˬR] EVPW1DJq2n:,c|ǻ̑;y{X,ۂ.u.b˕u.tKBjQ"[S園S`ٮdNبeJ&9Ơ ~0a(Vm٘L+Jr*vڑE( x0+tp˕ n';wm-ޜMOxX>{#2%jgb2M[`K*\5@8l'e=0u+w ֘鳾{y܀:R*Ya]"Ӧ%ktynlۣ65,3gU}{GYrb;ge'TKwǘ.,rpܚV]Tr,!dp /ԺU,xՉ>s׽~W5oTh yx?xrrx?)?ilbT׬,z$Ԏ.UH٠\U1pU:]JwSrGZq8àd驐,N67QYBӢD㏙W!Q25ϸo9ms-7-%3CihO.J鯽-;MZM8ku-7k9S$8]q2E(}bۏI[DKOK}3KUB^u %Y,u.-&f#]'܆o$x`Yu,dzwM;#oKxn;\[d7}Rb+*Y䛂ZuBӱl{j0O̓}LhK;[aֶaGL{Cb#S.T[>߃F]NK"u^LUʐ_ykW?!GRj29͖qa'0[npcDvV)qz9R)PۨM^aJx W] r>];eN3vxdmĘ(5W2K1䪖weF{mE/QP6\u54x5[hۮ-Nk”i[lUgL]J}5 S:EhiUrgHl!ŒJ$pe=q^b͵Q' ?6|R\,JA ڵ"TDꈭ:ymg`B5t%M] <N_zv2_Ortٵ/i/ReӮ*7[qүqEG* m"[I:6e^p"I$jԴęh!m)]GZkcjS!{e^z}+Cѥ9;R|/ֱeiUԏCNu2Zhcٗg$ݭwvr P8*7/Lk~I'Km1+MW%Bk|oOm>-#qj*|Dbѱkn|n{v#jĮqNpMIUm(7Liz;{ҜݞڝVƚVϬ+sO!OstGvxӉ']uӎ4g_ 1^-8ۦ k!)Ύ5O;YSB#2Zzχ;<.ֵOtge~.(RC#wFZeGZٸ6FFJ4e2ˇpJT$[wgV)q6muDGJ56q\I!̗ y/I~RtJ9kJ]Iy*'FN0s.[l!fw'y(7$œ WƫgyΙdMEU JQJv̋vmrۖ.jWR_M֨djYgSj0^\y'EoECjm$ IƩK>Z28J2TiJ2N#}.s cArl嫶nB.FIJ.)۔\ZiM>/hLĸ=C1s[?YMqp|94- 鮝𦔽/k^#NT(Y LS$6˩}{;5 )B۷W$qpN)qqoot}ZDVә;7TiK|6f3h$dԄ}fqݡ>Nb򗉉+ͶO]>ߡ_VtYf79ڰիF sq~prս|QM)g%l0ocJȨHz V;Bb/kLAcfPJ,ԭ{ƍgpjNR6VSI*$!yV足jᇑ.](EܣqM\qJ2eZT).<9UB/(B0j)mtKEj#׿fDI-=rZړj|'Nڤ]k*i$5qt"ݙPM6E4ke^Z8ۏhz$Q(R Ay2zfRñnpnkbkI:=j &ΝșW?׵d{+ύM'??XqeeĽ.[o=UxFS=ӷdZwenՄ]_X=ĭVa* pKs0ބۍfJ3 gz̚i|wnxtjc¼5${(1fXQ65ȼb̶Zkn>%FQMJXӡ{TZEVNᖣimT/37cNJUPnP҂ZOE~"-Rc4^b- FEͧtf5[)S!OZIښݲ͑;tvܡ+N)AR=hCNn;wL16-:特7M$=Tҕ-.R[HٷnXk sn[ҞD-0WS9p9:-Ϸ-jѬNu{ҹfv)[Ľvwfg(ٷfe+0mYj8Q1\ݧg]Eǎvڿc!4#j5̋C2"}BRriFp7=ô\TZ:\BLfj#I22װ<;صZl j 6:l"6]۸ K'6RTѯ^ئOԓV\?$x7s#r:Oh{ց=MmuHԷd{pN /܅:UE#Yy+(SgQ(Щ)RHzw>^Ѿݻ>mK&^ '$Jۻ&w%F|xfz%˳ L~3N?Cy9 v w/{ƿ kz3x> sXv}vP"@WyC z`'톽Dw%-tt yVY\wmuPYQA0iG-2JP,6/gˢ]u.-n!Zw.N7Q]Df}Q0({a\@=i_X7gFǘ8^⻲}G MZ1)WEfO12G+=-B@z\`||w6ċj߬m}UwRox֢I &c~XGP6Qndpvܻul'V7^FJt^{b^B(L~sѣ6@߿^xqU!ڙ5|Vpvef-uӥ^3  FSDɯKD%0r}FF穛r7 +o"V8tv̖NQU!5uFd"bCr^bJ=֤fM#ʳԷP0O-9xRBm\=`r-:;~3Tl(nXtXi%2Vٛ#vwqƴ`L@"H‹qW.j,JM5B[)WܺUeZFqc'V˷1W7V̾-MHФwn8N;HPSdݷC7&2j.W\τGŎ'Vb]c.x+Rx1%C2T{myg[qU|+m:M:շ8҉yWd)ՋWS%%:iqlʹmGwݹ WnNŤѩ5(9hTٵDdGUi-)vSs2 2{OnT$Xck n:¶(lASLeȔBjμPpTb2~N2~%^k[ܗ[Jzs0ӓHBKq[}JَA-$dFQgjxxFv4r/x*Rm% `4J(&iv7SkԲmSH1YWmx 8n.k']:Z˭_W >ڃXЩ. jTq%Aā[E}amc]D:rmHRiu:uӚӢ\p(5-q%e)(۬ҖȽIf<߽pr&ݫVfY91q2ĭEQgYbTGQ&,yL+N$[q*RVۉQ=FuTܻ>f>f㋳8N6$܌n)9&»iˤsX,݅܍ȩv+sRTpO}d?Wn/Inpȸ%O]StQO|v5\}7Zwb.AIVK^:wb{[uݯcytO߶S<{8KSRׁH̏N7ۚ[xkwYy_'ZӵF+>쌛ZUĦreE9F[24De{}@:ExWs-\ǻ7K-\JNvEk%:s˙#κ].oͳ;լ7wB6nwu:$L; DkI#Wz.:Xp(˅v$Sq,wn\qIN-e<5Oe+vuYTpcojUI_ާP8 O 7&VL8z$_B-H-[uh]T{|8=qVRN-:Ij:7PUtXϷmy鉿:RIM~33ӸS2#׳GdŲ5+/Bx{(WzȨ5Y㞎#|˖+ ط.|e<o/rߔX>7s}VE.OVti׽ .5nNJO"95{#q}Ay9do]R"M6z\tnNS-D!@3N_jicWsy*5uٮRcWv/.,j}=S)j5C^> Ie =gu9ӛqjtz]۪TMoߧI!Ǧ¶m:,"[L!{qAv-o 3{"KʼnrIkfٶj2ƙ؄S`7` k6jzޞ?e5G&6uʷ2%ԒRKE*G\Npom F/V |C0.q_eenƣ<5Oh'67ɪn[SĽ{ڔjǘzs;~׌(ۂ`ܢ1ƣ` _l9Va6%UQWh~P~\F^ZHR@:ۧCJ{ôGeBh;~ۧnU J\O+n2 RҠ)ng}Kh{5+S×ܛ.1ZjG)iRȤIN 4%{oΜ/eO[Nffd ĹK?nnԼMqX'܌nZvq<ķbFnͪaQ`5 s,M_լ?-@_{w{ӺձJ}GF[%v\5[ŒGkOw/ΜM9rjË%2+rd~+󲕛C9U۳r[aJǭm|˒LAʨSCq[XMۺoubfp:t+ΤĻo ][ zt-*67kvS7D·MMCQXm;)܎n_h%]4ܙnRk!]ڵsDUF"`R, &#R_*[z*ZqFXɻ]7|۵w+'pFDەs=r./ᐚm3Hשy yD"jHCr':sA65نѮ^o1V/ f;nFr3VM)e*- s D'H݅fӧ\*޷[k<7u<-]֍Q8R h|p=WlW3s%Q %3l}@U-K6f-NϿu|ڴmWN׮[׸F*mW\%r! C78:޳vBG7ŵ.JթԚ2x)ST!řn~9 W:Wpܢ件{xf8ٳwKE ҰWxVB\qBZ 2wMb[lGSnyԚ~z9ZmያvoN2Afnݽjf>)j3 !;gOYʹK" Wftڎ+׭b*2ϻK>ۢӱeyԪXISUm[z+ugX%0lϏnvg!;t{BqPj>PyvR7Cj]O%+ݲ :qiMj6W}3vC/R=4Som]ŗ=ю, TF6U_-\6MyskwMr&Q\wjKܩyMϣUj0*}RZܷSdY3>Zjqj6TgzpA/M`/Cmл,޻feE[/+uk^Vs1W$G(JsW2ٰu*߻q*Y޵.Wi:ur5T),=0uRmho.twܖiYwrWHntvEj8qhf`Ͻpf(R&>Ki%I7$QӖm-2 ~yߗQ-앑/ x[k8nw.c㩵k}]FkbJl:{.(˩n0Hqvαp7 귎.Gupx[N`Yq'+ruU7[ү+>!xrȫoSo]OC# d^Q]\>!ƛGw^Mx"-+%vdX-:M2UR%d>%l ioSu6lsj7D P>XxHz Ukà(n^Q V>5cVtWj SEiJdznyej[lE' 3kuٌNn4JW)gB {4 j6&]' m-(ZMEz8cz>WZ6#7+[,MR-Z!4ܓtCyE|umj1ƽvƷV\;%>Q :#Le(iVz5 4ũۤUWxX ^(ҔsլB2w-V ^R+; ˂M\z+Uwr+RWY⺧~ Q*JcYSNSλUd8in=v K낫k\IRרSUaCFmϿ5̗P|u ZTԕ}>oYѲ1sfP+sQkX8Gb~6r,s>^\,mGL+7[n-E\.Fqḕcl*Jmjb5 ,m]c}NXfeVlǸJ5eˡ$4%g~N p4Y*WwW٧<8v#;qԩTut,m"#Y D\5V`\\Lȋ];LȇiS6ϝZ l>LruR\v=ǘϔDg=ԈdFZ+M{=|,[;0>RiSi4,S5}yxw&(E7&fݙ4UՕ! ~'Id)]ǽu2K-fޭ \08Vڅ쓬=Vy^^ IhyKR-B#Ըr=]mܻӾ'*Umkoy rTqT_i,/8Q^<ݤ|4ԻO(܄"'5N~#m.(Ҿ2i6Uev&I*<}҄$eNtÛzyWJubW^iBW.܅Wڮg]irO6Ve90sgv.+sV޿aޔ[p?3q*FutUo*eL\KM'EG*ZcAFfG5J 5jj=MJ3OK:k˝'NMB7m3uFҕ\-Ywg%PRqMIyZGY9|μvn߻5cWݷa^+X֥vnݘ\v7m>Fgzv"-;Ew֝}1|RjN𿊀7g#֟*GQQ|#/bo]p$>_Un9гUbn9׃ErQBU-^vDmVh'<R[fdHT]*~}3j;nvjc7s-rӳ Y8[n[1pJx kX[Jk9Mn!_Nю6x:iZ˦U |߉^Ԛ݃hYxk &U^bwKk.[jE+P(˞=9j@snCv7%c_7=xǁ<l {t'酚+1F‹l׭:ݻILruǶkL-L(K0L1&>wXB(pm;1fpnlp֓%Skidkt(U +xulo'/ڕeN r=^pZZ:Pnj8Hf"48ijY[ N[yZٻ+=  ø:3 ?^ܷ^Sr#YK[UF?CuhC b]GM')mڏsNrܗI]ljq6VB. W,UK"YX5{c >Iqā> T:n!,5l2VzCl|+I[*SrjnS6٨y+x,@>П.g+!rn9>N|W>OZT_ut Y""v7|sfި;Pclm EùN,{'fNT%U&LfH8~1v>Il}统u6P˗c(WV~H^bMU.o*oOF0N:_:6Smr_.b+|ݶYY غF,mwjv>f*>QM뭱Sd:`N{l/⎱;n-z~"Gze퇎J5S KG9!Gn;N1 ݎ h6m|S?ɂ5'WOÞ 7|7^ao @mxGmi^jϽ>01Mf0լD3-2T. VXR"ɥV Kl J O7|u?bvа;6.eߓ|[1bmRr,eRz`z 6܎-ͨku͹Fː dPhYgZUj}nvX;z=gVեTv_J }\1n7w2J?ޘγc\E 1Aޑzq;\r]]\Y&[nsNei\uURje*Qk2CSl*xJz-xٶlm+|UjUؓ`Ladqiĩ!Gd\W~fz;Tn*PdRM&T4`չSWq5k훶(N"Ӎ% V]֦wb.nUO!u*J&Oӕ2e|Z=eV쫚΅g#+/RW:طnbi*Wyo)p{:ETKؚR(RY+r웓r(IF) VmȵNB:h Q1ғ|u8E]{,'$-TR[j49l*3"I鯴zhd>Q+\BkNF=.$ZR4Nwհ(IpNi.(Gi33#33e$FXK*NdWrud[r{xnk$v2ıh+J1TQ[#JQl[tRO]LHKٮ NӍnF񨔤֞Em'MILB"ԋ%dBŋ+p̿_17jzT~4pc Vo\ƹb9Rq-'1j;8ܗ)hE%DZKS<璸Bu*%*Yw5ڻ9ۣ^z4U; Ñk\U(o~G?VUĎ:?P?_F_Kߤ~ᓾI |pr.Ok\SklRhҪz{­P .}SktZ7UQ4ڌIM8̈eaӊJZ%FFZu,KZvln廐SNFIVtuNi?CM5]+Ph,{jN JSR$IS^tSUVrORYu.9WyP6 [Kiu m!X|]Y79ӄ)\ģ)pbڳr%*&ꑶ_-H*dzk)1 V3')UAϹٶWRxe'պn۫h7AR9 EAJeGLms!%D| A 5]/Q3eb̄vnVn%za\m kZnv([emqrIҕij|""><hjJשvvǕ|Pޟs}V~2&Z?+2N&Z4w@)4iSڪ_>/JN9Hiۏuf8'It[ȲR.hZ$ȋ_Y ~U<UUO*6b)Ovzڜj\R̋.$FsQuҊj^נ䈈y<zZIuP[}Qm=C?zN(Exqu/kn S-FzKZzOסӽjJ\)F3b!r5ٝ|;6 o=-3*λ]αb\abqRi-w޵⦪~b8Kpo)Z=>)ғ"5/GTZLE-輵f7ݘ۹~+&+w/7GFI:l33fg.N~۲\2|*cnermnnM+Fq"ѪIz%j =YW8@~gc/~?N'?)«qȸs➟n=k" X“m֮VreMh2[uݖ] *FܖN)MȐ`f0 g,C9̑o;ddudJ=In13:ݒvvdMUEJLp^,6t-@͐9'{7m{-3,>hnF;ѰM)->>+Ěz!R* :`e--m7nB\u{b U>[8֪]6^ߤLʦ\DFNo$$dͶlgno8OrsQ\l̯hRo8tuNo+ CTxu!2[>ctFpeޓƻֶR"3QrQuOѳgwQr;S~)6HhZw/GgVTmUf_yt7%$];zLWF̰xy2Ʉu!MCmš_0[W6jf#a-KLi+3Q7c^qg%s<1aYIQeZf+}>;S6L0]Yu_h9߻<ƅpmiM$AVvŚ,*#t2.8Y)-Zhshü97/#Oro"u^/uFgWɺ,p:6a,^x%$Yve^3PƗMnTP&yS}OJ '덫MH^:rXԴJۋ/rI;S*,+yz1hv)Qw^ڍJ2oL׊q(\fDj:^T%vOadɂnS}ZO)N*λdaȜkG_PIEO}нa(^iQX᯦-7^)%g'SJx(.S9zVɴZ{E ))ۅi/s7 VIV-|sj0*UBTHIqRf>FP$KqN0 R̻8j\GcC}IUz\i 6F)Q{Gҧ3qSzKj-Az VЛS-zy:8*mNk|D鿓ND2u+0Yŝ7kqm·?8Ib]u>˗^_>(]vӋzv+ݩ){vZrJ2RQ몋C$z [,pp,8mڊbR]Il .f~d/ݓs㓓mͶ{mgjQwn=Oic9ܚm4Q/6ݨ[TƧ?nԶoytf{@AzT{e{[O'ZRZt~AGD?s3􌿂ՉIw'|~U\ w~di:Kޱ)U/sU%njѩ&GSP^ǝd)..!^U` 1wX[aԇSxoFV6_扐)T 2Mfd=ۖͭiZ7KK Bi9%7@<3<ճԻU,},a}FRqɛr i@ONJvK KLN M, ʖv0n-]DwlI-X6ܶ$Jʴh5O+mOI+Ra瞠\ MG7BفjYo1#͖0V`Ѱ2M?c8>-Crt*JkIGS:e#hPKx[鱼>{5m;wcն&>j-M֥^َ) 6yȜl_w{-ō̱r> U=]iw3)r*]:K]6BdCTZ|>gf}LW}[$'Y5 &c -j.z6R 67MԷFMnÌwI7w5E}o޽+K ֵy4܌ȥW"COyR[q5Ӱ͙f[v"_#q{MV6܍3"u9BK(41ӯqˇc${ߝCi6I(OmθzҜ5k^:>Jzw.>qV8{vU[ڶEm|DžBz].KHjI]x;Mɗ{m,qZXr忇2u^RO2Z}ZێS[2Jen!*NDcrBUً4<ǼMҲs1Zw57c3&ĖڻzmP*FuJG1-dN:|OU}ҵgi2t~F^^Z.VxjvŧnNNh<:]^~NN+ge^g.SԔGFe߯'[vn'(ScJ]kܗ7eJOlRrfziݮq̋S"\*U<*W]k$FջV}? 7g#֟*GQQ|#/bo]p$>_Un9;l S VvQU%OLU{οmU6bZ1MTx%!֙Q7, J=!3 ;Q,ڌ;6ͱ݅q^&ߔ·n #WbwӖX.HtG)N&d̵zpI,n cu ޖUj+VXUp[w]N o.J6Z8Ts&utxln;~HPHS/xw`G\ʡ¿rj Z^vt"[L:SD\h0sUwR,}[x^X,R2Vn< ]2YDr[SRKs8tXb̷G?Ps Tv 3be,zVz D[/I.KOEQrm'$7|[J>r S`5յwT#\w1FTz\Ԛ &"ׅhSHrD\'r]~/>p;:Piuu:"9ő=tTaS7V2rӷk7mb[^WmPp*[y.Þ6f]cizJCgRR@UVl큝.WJP1N{/\whZ ػϧӱE7|E֫Sί.x-Y&pi%v''-x6r'Ws*6=DwwUu]=C?MK [yrtܒG$!WGqJ*%SAz ED[^)/tė/g=#Omd.|^n/sl׉g DZqemqowݮRzUܜ=ڽ-o/Iۖ;qVʘgPp|mm;6zGl9.8pwWgsJ2qPbe}}UpNjٯ}7TMQKrؽtEx%v w߾8%|j;~|}pK]ơ/ w߾8%|j;~|}pK]ơ/ w&~e_H 8PL7:%ʭ5Kw&U2vwR_+rm'}C7#rWoO&HoG?M$UR7{FU]u ;# !Wk`|W>׹潇9Vn)6)*ҹ{%qV4q>W1vi#T"Qk&GwxcJBJ- Ϸ^ˁxkU}ԣ/3.;]J=<*)cS)ROK9H=,r zX @)cS)Da^ԽQ gxJI=w֣gf*TRj

*Corresponding Author (E-mail: parkds9709@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-350-1165, Fax: +82-55-352-3059)
• Received: March 30, 2022   • Revised: May 18, 2022   • Accepted: May 18, 2022

Copyright © 2022 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  • 307 Views
  • 1 Download
prev

Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF
  • Bakanae disease is caused by several species of Fusarium and imposes serious limitations to rice production worldwide. The incidence of this disease is increasing in the top rice-growing countries. No rice variety has been found to be completely resistant to this disease. Thus, higher resistance to the disease may be a cost saving solution preferable to the application of fungicides. ‘Anpyeong’ was derived from the cross between ‘YR24982-9-1’ and ‘Saeilmi’ in 2012 and selected as the promising line, ‘YR30389-B-2GH-103’; it was further selected and designated as ‘Milyang 313’ in 2016. The local adaptability test for ‘Milyang 313’ was conducted at five locations from 2016 to 2018 and the cultivar was named ‘Anpyeong’. The heading date for the medium-late maturing cultivar ‘Anpyeong’ was August 13. The ‘Anpyeong’ culm was 77 cm long and had 115 spikelets per panicle. The brown rice 1,000 grain-weight was 22.2 g, which is higher than that of ‘Nampyeong’. This variety is resistant to blast disease and rice stripe virus, but susceptible to bacterial blight and insect pest. The potential ‘Anpyeong’ yield was approximately 562 kg/10 a at ordinary fertilizer level in the local adaptability test and for three years. ‘Anpyeong’ harboring the qBK1 gene derived from a tongil type rice ‘Shingwang’ is moderately resistant to bakanae disease (Registration No. 8135).
키다리병은 1828년 일본에서 처음 보고(Ito & Kimura 1931)된 이후 아시아, 아프리카 등 대부분의 벼 재배지역에서 발생되고 있으며(Ou 1985, Pra et al. 2010), 키다리병 발생에는 Fusarium andiyazi, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides 등 4 종류의 Gibberella fujikuroi 균이 복합적으로 관여하는 것으로 알려 져 있다(Wulff et al. 2010). 본 병은 토양 전염병이며 일반적인 증상은 비정상적인 초장 증가와 함께 줄기가 가늘어지고 식물체의 색깔이 황록색으로 변하는 것이며, 출수기 이후 발병하면 불임 발생으로 인해 심각한 수량 감소로 이어진다(Ou 1985, Mew & Gonzales 2002).
벼 키다리병에 의한 수량손실은 일본에서는 지역에 따라 20~50% (Ou 1985)로 나타났으며, 1993년 인도의 경우에는 3.04~96.25%까지 감소한 것으로 보고된 바 있다(Sunder et al. 1997, Fiyaz et al. 2014, Gupta et al. 2015). 상자육묘와 기계이앙의 발달과 하이브리드 벼 재배 증가와 함께 발병이 더욱 확산되는 추세이다(Rosales & Mew 1997, Yang et al. 2003). 우리나라에서는 2000년대 초반 까지는 전국 벼 재배지의 약 3% 정도에서 키다리병이 발생되었으나, 2006년에는 전국 논의 28.8% (Han 2007), 2013년에는 31%에서 키다리병이 발생된 이래 최근까지도 지속적으로 발병되고 있다. 이 병에 대한 가장 효과적인 방제방법은 농약을 이용한 종자소독이다(Ogawa 1988, Lee et al. 2010). 화학적 방제 효율을 높이기 위하여 기작이 서로 다른 약제를 혼용하는 방법(Park et al. 2009)이 보급되고 있으나, 약제 저항성 균의 출현이 우려되어 추가적인 방제법이 요구되고 있는 실정이다(Lee et al. 2011). 이러한 문제를 근본적으로 해결하기 위해서는 저항성 품종의 개발과 재배가 필요하나 세계적으로 키다리병에 대한 저항성 자원은 매우 적은 실정이다(Li et al. 1993, Lv 1994, Khokhar & Jaffrey 2002).
본 연구팀은 우리나라의 통일형 벼 품종인 ‘신광’로부터 저항성 QTL qBK1을 탐색(Hur et al. 2015)하였으며 그 위치는 1번 염색체상 분자마커인 InDel 18 (23.637 Mbp)과 InDel 19-14 (23.672 Mbp) 사이의 35-kb 영역인 것으로 확인하였다(Lee et al. 2019).
본 연구는 국내 키다리병 저항성 벼 품종 개발을 위해 통일형 벼 품종인 ‘신광’로부터 저항성 QTL qBK1을 일반계 품종으로 도입한 키다리병 중도 저항성 최고품질 벼 품종인 ‘안평’을 개발한 바 이 품종의 육성경위 및 주요특성을 보고하는 바이다.
시험재료
벼 품종 ‘안평’은 통일형 벼 품종 ‘신광’으로부터 qBK1 유전자가 도입된 자포니카형 고품질 벼 품종 육성을 위해 '12 하계에 ‘신광’에 일반형 밥쌀용 고품질 품종인 ‘일품’이 5회 여교배된 BC5F5 계통인 ‘YR24982-9-1’를 모본으로 하고 ‘새일미’를 부본으로 교배를 실시한 후 계통육종법으로 육성되었다.
재배방법
본 시험은 벼 품종 ‘안평’ 육성을 위해 2016~2018년 3년간 밀양, 전주 등 9개 지역에서 보통기 보비 표준재배로 수행하였다. 시비량 및 질소분시 방법은 농촌진흥청 표준재배법에 준하였다. 재식거리 30×15 cm로 주당 3본씩 이앙하였다. 기타 재배방법 및 수량성, 생리장해 특성 및 병충해 저항성 및 품질분석 조사는 농촌진흥청 신품종개발공동연구사업 과제수행계획서 조사기준(RDA 2016, RDA 2017, RDA 2018) 에 준하였다.
키다리병 저항성 검정
벼 키다리병 저항성 검정은 Kim et al. (2014)의 방법에 준하여 수행하였다. 농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원으로부터 분양받은 G. fujikuroi CF283의 균사를 potato dextrose agar (PDA) 배지에 치상한 후 28℃ 명 조건에서 3주간 배양하였다. 배양된 균사체는 증류수에 현탁 후 포자농도를 1×106 spore/ml로 희석하여 접종에 이용하였다. 균 접종 직전 품종 당 30립의 종자를 Tissue Embedding Cassette (Simport, M512, 40.1×28.5×13 mm)에 넣고 57℃에서 13분간 온탕처리 하여 종자소독을 실시하였다. 온탕처리된 종자는 찬물에서 열을 식힌 후 준비된 포자배양액에 침지한 후 26℃에서 4일간 접종하고 매일 4회 이상 Tissue Embedding Cassette (Simport, M512, Beloeil, Quebec, Canada)를 천천히 돌려 포자가 모든 종자에 고르게 접종되도록 유도하였다. 접종된 종자는 육묘용 상자에 상자당 20품종씩 배치하고 품종당 30립의 종자를 파종하였다. 처리의 균일성을 확인하기 위해 비교 품종인 ‘주남’과 ‘남평’을 파종하여 상대적인 저항성 판단의 기준으로 이용하였다. 육묘용 상자에서 발아된 종자는 온실에서 생육시킨 후 검정에 이용하였다. 저항성 판단은 Kim et al. (2014)의 방법을 응용하여 파종 1달 후 식물체의 반응으로 판별하였다.
Genomic DNA 추출 및 PCR
Genomic DNA를 추출하기 위하여 어린 벼 잎 3~4장을 2 mL tube에 3 mm 텅스텐 구슬 3개와 함께 넣고 액체질소에 5~10분간 침적시킨 다음 vortex하여 마쇄하였다. 마쇄된 샘플은 Chen & Ronald (1999)의 방법에 따라 cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, Sigma-Aldrich, H5882)를 사용하여 genomic DNA를 분리한 후 PCR (Applied Biosystems, Veriti™ 96-Well Fast Thermal Cycler) 분석에 이용하였다. 품종별 키다리병 저항성 유전자형 분석에 이용된 primer는 통일형 벼인 ‘신광’에서 유래한 벼 키다리병 저항성 QTL인 qBK1를 표지하는 분자마커 InDel19-14 (Lee et al. 2019)를 이용하였다. PCR 조건은 denaturation을 94℃에서 30초, 55℃에서 30초, 72℃에서 60초로 40 cycle을 실시하였다. PCR 반응을 끝낸 증폭 산물은 3% agarose gel에서 전기영동을 실시하여 EtBr로 염색한 후 genotype을 조사하였다.
육성경위
벼 품종 ‘안평’은 키다리병에 저항성인 자포니카형 고품질 벼 품종 육성을 위해, 통일형 벼 품종 ‘신광’에 일반형 밥쌀용 고품질 품종인 일품이 5회 여교배되어 qBK1 유전자가 도입된 BC5F5 계통인 ‘YR24982-9-1’를 모본으로 하고 ‘새일미’를 부본으로 '12 하계에 인공교배를 실시한 후 계통육종법으로 육성되었다. 2012년 동계에 F1세대 10개체로부터 얻은 종자를 이용하여 2013년 하계 F2세대 및 2013년 동계 F3~F4세대를 집단으로 재배하면서 세대단축 을 한 후 2014년 F5세대 300계통을 전개한 후 포장에서 계통육종법에 의해 선발하면서 F5세대 에서 PCR을 통해 qBK1 유전자를 보유하는 계통 중 qBK1 유전자의 분리가 없고 생육특성이 우수한 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 계통에 대해 2015년 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과 ‘YR30389-B-2GH-103’ 계통을 선발하여 ‘밀양313호’로 계통명을 부여하고 2016~2018년 3년간 지역적응시험 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2018년 12월 농촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정위원회에서 키다리병 저항성 보유 품종으로 중요성과 활용성이 인정되어 품종으로 선정하고 ‘안평’으로 명명하였다(Fig. 1, Fig. 2). 본 품종은 2020년 12월 신품종선정위원회에서 최고품질 벼 품종으로 선정되었다.
주요특성

출수기 및 주요 농업적 특성

‘안평’의 출수기는 영호남 평야지에서 보통기 보비 재배시 9개소 평균 8월 13일로 ‘남평’과 비슷한 중만생종이다. 벼 키는 77 cm로 ‘남평’과 비슷하며 포기당 이삭수와 이삭당 벼알 수도 각각 13개와 115개로 ‘남평’과 비슷하다. ‘안평’의 등숙비율과 현미 천립중은 각각 91.8%와 22.2 g으로 ‘남평’보다 유의적으로 높다(Table 1).

생리장해 저항성

‘안평’은 성숙기 하엽노화가 표준품종인 ‘남평’보다 느리다. 냉수처리에 의한 내냉성 검정 결과 ‘안평’의 출수지연 일수와 냉수구 임실률이 각각 12일 과 37.9%로 ‘남평’과 비슷하였다. ‘안평’은 불시출수가 되지 않았으며 수발아율은 21.1%로 ‘남평’과 비슷하였다(Table 2). 도복특성 검정에서 ‘안평’의 벼 키, 3절간장 및 좌절중이 ‘남평’과 비슷하며 도복지수가 105로 ‘남평’과 비슷하였다. 포장도복 정도 역시 이앙재배에서 ‘남평’과 비슷하게 강한 편이다(Table 3).

병해충 저항성

전국 12개 장소에서 잎도열병 밭못자리 검정 결과 ‘안평’의 저항성은 평균 2.1로 ‘남평’(평균 3.9)보다 강하였으며, 목도열병은 ‘남평’과 비슷한 정도의 강한 저항성을 나타냈다(Table 4). 벼줄무늬잎마름병에는 강하나 흰잎마름병 및 멸구류에는 저항성이 없다.
‘안평’에 대한 통일형 벼인 ‘신광’ 유래 저항성 QTL인 qBK1도입 여부를 확인하기 위해 qBK1를 표지하는 분자마커 Indel19-14 (Lee et al. 2019)를 이용하여 PCR을 수행한 결과, 저항성 QTL인 qBK1이 도입된 것을 확인하였으며(Fig. 3), 키다리병 저항성 검정에서도 중도 이상의 저항성을 나타내었다(Fig. 4).

미질 특성 및 영양성분

‘안평’의 현미의 장폭비는 1.81로 ‘남평’과 비슷하며 아밀로스와 단백질도 각각 19.5% 및 6.3%로 ‘남평’과 비슷하다. ‘안평’의 완전미 도정수율은 67.3%로 ‘남평’과 비슷하으며, 식미 관능검정 결과는 0.43으로 ‘남평’(-0.05) 및 경기도산 ‘추청’(0.11)보다 높았다(Table 5).

수량성

‘안평’의 백미 수량은 2016년부터 2018년까지 전주, 밀양 등 10지역에서 보통기 보비재배의 3년 평균 562 kg/10 a로 대비품종인 ‘남평’의 545 kg/10 a과 비슷하였다(Table 6).
벼 품종 ‘안평’은 통일형 벼 품종 ‘신광’으로부터 qBK1 유전자가 도입된 자포니카형 고품질 벼 품종 육성을 위해 2018년 국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서 육성한 품종이다. ‘안평’은 통일형 벼 품종 ‘신광’에 일반형 밥쌀용 고품질 품종인 ‘일품’이 5회 여교배된 BC5F5 계통인 ‘YR24982-9-1’를 모본으로 하고 일반형 고품질 품종인 ‘새일미’를 부본으로하여 '12 하계에 인공교배를 실시한 후 계통육종법으로 육성되었다. 선발된 ‘YR30389-B-2GH-103’ 계통을 ‘밀양313호’로 계통명을 부여하고 2016~2018년 3년간 지역적응시험 실시하였다. ‘안평’의 출수기는 영호남 평야지에서 보통기 보비 재배시 9개소 평균 8월 13일로 ‘남평’과 비슷한 중만생종이다. 벼 키는 77 cm로 ‘남평’과 비슷하며 포기당 이삭수와 이삭당 벼알 수도 각각 13개와 115개로 ‘남평’과 비슷하다. ‘안평’의 등숙비율과 현미 천립중은 각각 91.8%와 22.2 g으로 ‘남평’보다 유의적으로 높다. 도복, 도열병 및 벼줄무늬잎마름병에는 강하나 흰잎마름병 및 해충에 약한 편이다. ‘안평’은 통일형 벼 품종인 ‘신광’으로 부터 유래한 키다리병 저항성 QTL인 qBK1을 보유하여 키다리병에 중도 이상의 저항성을 보인다.
‘안평’의 쌀수량은 562 kg/10 a로 대비품종인 ‘남평’의 545 kg/10 a과 비슷하였다. ‘안평’의 현미의 장폭비는 1.81로 ‘남평’과 비슷하며 아밀로스와 단백질도 각각 19.5% 및 6.3%로 ‘남평’과 비슷하다. 완전미 도정수율은 67.3%로 ‘남평’과 비슷하였으며, 식미 관능검정 결과는 0.43으로 ‘남평’(-0.05) 및 경기도산 ‘추청’(0.11)보다 높았다. ‘안평’은 2018년 12월 농촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정위원회에서 품종으로 선정되었으며, 2020년 12월 신품종선정위원회에서 최고품질 벼 품종으로 선정되었다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(세부과제명: 벼 키다리병 저항성 증진을 위한 유전자 탐색 및 중간모본 개발, 세부과제번호: PJ014774012022)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임. 안평을 육성함에 있어 적극 협력하여 주신 국립식량과학원 작물육종과와 중부작물부 중부작물과 및 각 도 농업기술원 벼지역적응시험 담당자분들과 농촌진흥청 연구정책국 관계관 여러분들께 깊은 감사를 드린다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Anpyeong’.
kjbs-54-2-143-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Generation diagram of ‘Anpyeong’.
kjbs-54-2-143-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Allele type of ‘Anpyeong’ using a InDel marker InDel19- 14 related to bakanae disease resistance.
kjbs-54-2-143-f3.jpg
Fig. 4
Level of resistance of ‘Anpyeong’ under artificial infection of G. fujikuroi isolate CF283 in seedling stage.
kjbs-54-2-143-f4.jpg
Table 1
Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Anpyeong’
Table 1
Variety Heading
date		 Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No of panicles / hill No of spikes / panicles Ratio of ripened grain (%) 1000-grain weight of brown rice (g)
Anpyeong Aug. 13 77 20 13 115ns 91.8* 22.2*
Nampyeong Aug. 12 77 21 13 135 87.2 20.6

*: significant at 5% level, ns: no significant.

Table 2
Abiotic stress response of ‘Anpyeong’
Table 2
Variety Leaf senescence at maturing Discolorationz (1~9) Cold tolerancey Prematuring heading (%) Viviparous germination (%)
Heading delay (day) Grain fertility (%)
Anpyeong Slow 3.7 12ns 37.9ns 0.0ns 21.1ns
Nampyeong Medium 3.7 10 17.4 0.0 4.5

zEvaluation at maximum tillering stage (1: tolerant, 9: susceptible).

yCold tolerance was evaluated at cold water (17℃) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon.

*: significant at 5% level, ns: no significant

Table 3
Major characteristics related to lodging of ‘Anpyeong’
Table 3
Variety Plant height
(cm)		 Third internode length (cm) Breaking strength
(g)		 Lodging index Lodging in the field (1~9)
Anpyeong 93 10.4 1,468 105 1
Nampyeong 95 10.1 1,612 94 1
Table 4
Resistance reaction to blast disease and bacterial blight
Table 4
Variety Reaction at blast nursery testz Baterial blight
Number of tested sitesy Neck blast (infected spikes, %)x
R
(0~3)		 M
(4~6)		 S
(7~9)		 Mean Jeonju Milyang Yeoju Naju K1 K2 K3 K3a
Anpyeong 11 1 0 0.5 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.2 R R R S
Nampyeong 5 7 0 1.3 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 S S S S

zN fertilizer of blast nursery test : 240 kg/ha.

yR: resistance, M: moderately resistance, S: susceptible.

xN fertilizer of neck blast : 220 kg/ha.

Table 5
Grain quality of ‘Anpyeong’
Table 5
Variety Length/width ratio of brown rice Amylose
(%)		 Protein
(%)		 White core/
White bally
(0~9)		 Milling recovery of head rice (%) Palatablitity of cooked rice
(-3~+3)z
Anpyeong 1.81ns 19.5ns 6.3ns 1/0 67.3 0.43
Nampyeong 1.76 19.7 6.7 0/0 70.2 -0.05

zPalatablitity of cooked rice about Chucheong produced in Gyeong-gi was 0.11.

*: ns: no significant at 5% level.

Table 6
Yield of ‘Anpyeong’ at local adaptability test on Ordinary season culture
Table 6
Culture season Tested site Yield of milled rice (kg/10 a) Index
(A/B)
Anpyeong Nampyeong
'16 '17 '18 Ave (A) '16 '17 '18 Ave (B)
Honam plain
region		 Jeonju 566 538 524 543 500 534 500 511 106
Yesan 525 583 - 554 552 582 572 569 97
Nonsan 532 586 - 559 524 567 543 545 103
Iksan 486 511 508 502 528 527 486 514 98
Naju 546 540 488 525 544 557 486 529 99
Yeongnam
plain region		 Milyang 568 565 627 597 557 587 - 572 104
Daegu 518 552 624 565 549 586 559 565 100
Seonsan 644 605 618 622 566 661 614 614 101
Jinju 600 624 564 596 519 584 395 499 119
Mean 554 567 565 562 538 576 519 545 103
  • 1. Chen DH, Ronard PC. 1999. A rapid DNA mini-preparation method suitable for AFLP and other PCR application. Plant Mol Biol Rep 17: 53-57.
  • 2. Fiyaz RA, Gopala Krishnan S, Rajashekara H, Yadav AK, Bashyal BM, Bhowmick PK, Singh NK, Prabhu KV, Singh AK. 2014. Development of high throughput screening protocol and identification of novel sources of resistance against Bakanae disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Genet 74: 414-422.
  • 3. Gupta AK, Solanki IS, Bashyal BM, Singh Y, Srivastava K. 2015. Bakanae of rice-an emerging disease in Asia. J Anim Plant Sci 25: 1499-1514.
  • 4. Han S. 2007. Review of disease occurrence of major crops in Korea in 2007. In: Proceedings of Annual Falling Meeting and Symposium of KSPP; pp 19-20.
  • 5. Hur YJ, Lee SB, Kim TH, Kwon T, Lee JH, Shin DJ, Park SK, Hwang UH, Cho JH, Yoon YN, Yeo US, Song YC, Kwak DY, Nam MH, Park DS. 2015. Mapping of qBK1, a major QTL for bakanae disease resistance in rice. Mol Breeding 35: 78. doi: 10.1007/s11032-015-0281-x.
  • 6. Ito S, Kimura J. 1931. Studies on the 'bakanae' disease of the rice plant. Rep Hokkaido Natl Agric Exp Stn 27: 1-95.
  • 7. Khokhar L.K, Jaffrey A.H.. 2002. Identification of sources of resistance against bakanae and foot rot disease in rice. Pakistan J Agric Res 17: 176-177.
  • 8. Kim MH, Hur YJ, Lee SB, Kwon TM, Hwang UH, Park SK, Yoon YN, Lee JH, Cho JH, Shin DJ, Kim TH, Han SI, Yeo US, Song YC, Nam MH, Park DS. 2014. Large- scale screening analysis for the evaluation of bakanae disease in rice. J Gen Plant Pathol 80: 408-414.
  • 9. Lee SB, Kim N, Hur YJ, Cho SM, Kim TH, Lee JY, Cho JH, Lee JH, Song YC, Seo YS, Ko JM, Park DS. 2019. Fine mapping of qBK1, a major QTL for bakanae disease resistance in rice. Rice 12: 36. doi: 10.1186/s12284-019-0295-9.
  • 10. Lee YH, Kim SY, Choi HW, Lee MJ, Ra DS, Kim IS, Park JW, Lee SW. 2010. Fungicide resistance of Fusarium fujikuroi isolates isolated in Korea. Korean J Pest Sci 14: 427-432.
  • 11. Li DJ, Luo K, Chen Z. 1993. Studies on resistance of rice materials to bakanae disease and pathogenicity of pathogen (Fusarium moniliforme). Acta Phytopathol Sinica 23: 315-319.
  • 12. Lv B. 1994. Preliminary study of identification for resistance to rice bakanae disease in rice resource. Plant Protect 3: 20-21.
  • 13. Mew TW, Gonzales PG. 2002. A handbook of rice seedborne fungi. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baňos (Philippines) and Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield.
  • 14. Ogawa K. 1988. Damage by bakanae disease and its chemical control. Jpn Pestic Inf 52: 13-15.
  • 15. Ou SH. 1985. Rice diseases. 2nd ed. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew.
  • 16. Park WS, Choi HW, Han SS, Shin DB, Shim HK, Jung ES, Lee SW, Lim CK, Lee YH. 2009. Control of bakanae disease of rice by seed soaking into the mixed solution of procholraz and fludioxnil. Res Plant Dis 15: 94-100.
  • 17. Pra MD, Tonti S, Pancaldi D, Nipoti P, Alberti I. 2010. First report of Fusarium andiyazi associated with rice bakanae in Italy. Plant Dis 94: 1070-1070.
  • 18. Rural Development Administration2016. 2016 Project plan for collaborative research program to develop new variety of summer crop.
  • 19. Rural Development Administration2017. 2017 Project plan for collaborative research program to develop new variety of summer crop.
  • 20. Rural Development Administration2018. 2018 Project plan for collaborative research program to develop new variety of summer crop.
  • 21. Rosales AM, Mew TW. 1997. Suppression of Fusarium moniliforme in rice by rice-associated antagonistic bacteria. Plant Dis 81: 49-52.
  • 22. Sunder S, Satyavir Virk KS. 1997. Studies on correlation between bakanae incidence and yield loss in paddy. Indian Phytopathol 50: 99-101.
  • 23. Wulff EG, Sørensen JL, Lübeck M, Nielsen KF, Thrane U, Torp J. 2010. Fusarium spp. associated with rice Bakanae: Ecology, genetic diversity, pathogenicity and toxigenicity. Environ Microbiol 12: 649-657.
  • 24. Yang H, Wang Z, Wu H, Zhu C. 2003. Study on the variation of rice bakanae under the different methods of seedling raising. J Anhui Agric Sci 31: 119-124.

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Development of Mid-Late Rice Cultivar ‘Anpyeong’ Harboring qBK1, a Variety Resistant to Bakanae Disease with Premium Eating Quality and Multiple Disease Resistances
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(2):143-148.   Published online June 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2022.54.2.143
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Development of Mid-Late Rice Cultivar ‘Anpyeong’ Harboring qBK1, a Variety Resistant to Bakanae Disease with Premium Eating Quality and Multiple Disease Resistances
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(2):143-148.   Published online June 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2022.54.2.143
Close

Figure

  • 0
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Related articles

Development of Mid-Late Rice Cultivar ‘Anpyeong’ Harboring qBK1, a Variety Resistant to Bakanae Disease with Premium Eating Quality and Multiple Disease Resistances
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Anpyeong’.
Fig. 2 Generation diagram of ‘Anpyeong’.
Fig. 3 Allele type of ‘Anpyeong’ using a InDel marker InDel19- 14 related to bakanae disease resistance.
Fig. 4 Level of resistance of ‘Anpyeong’ under artificial infection of G. fujikuroi isolate CF283 in seedling stage.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Development of Mid-Late Rice Cultivar ‘Anpyeong’ Harboring qBK1, a Variety Resistant to Bakanae Disease with Premium Eating Quality and Multiple Disease Resistances

Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Anpyeong’

Variety Heading
date		 Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No of panicles / hill No of spikes / panicles Ratio of ripened grain (%) 1000-grain weight of brown rice (g)
Anpyeong Aug. 13 77 20 13 115ns 91.8* 22.2*
Nampyeong Aug. 12 77 21 13 135 87.2 20.6

Abiotic stress response of ‘Anpyeong’

Variety Leaf senescence at maturing Discolorationz (1~9) Cold tolerancey Prematuring heading (%) Viviparous germination (%)
Heading delay (day) Grain fertility (%)
Anpyeong Slow 3.7 12ns 37.9ns 0.0ns 21.1ns
Nampyeong Medium 3.7 10 17.4 0.0 4.5

Major characteristics related to lodging of ‘Anpyeong’

Variety Plant height
(cm)		 Third internode length (cm) Breaking strength
(g)		 Lodging index Lodging in the field (1~9)
Anpyeong 93 10.4 1,468 105 1
Nampyeong 95 10.1 1,612 94 1

Resistance reaction to blast disease and bacterial blight

Variety Reaction at blast nursery testz Baterial blight
Number of tested sitesy Neck blast (infected spikes, %)x
R
(0~3)		 M
(4~6)		 S
(7~9)		 Mean Jeonju Milyang Yeoju Naju K1 K2 K3 K3a
Anpyeong 11 1 0 0.5 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.2 R R R S
Nampyeong 5 7 0 1.3 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 S S S S

Grain quality of ‘Anpyeong’

Variety Length/width ratio of brown rice Amylose
(%)		 Protein
(%)		 White core/
White bally
(0~9)		 Milling recovery of head rice (%) Palatablitity of cooked rice
(-3~+3)z
Anpyeong 1.81ns 19.5ns 6.3ns 1/0 67.3 0.43
Nampyeong 1.76 19.7 6.7 0/0 70.2 -0.05

Yield of ‘Anpyeong’ at local adaptability test on Ordinary season culture

Culture season Tested site Yield of milled rice (kg/10 a) Index
(A/B)
Anpyeong Nampyeong
'16 '17 '18 Ave (A) '16 '17 '18 Ave (B)
Honam plain
region		 Jeonju 566 538 524 543 500 534 500 511 106
Yesan 525 583 - 554 552 582 572 569 97
Nonsan 532 586 - 559 524 567 543 545 103
Iksan 486 511 508 502 528 527 486 514 98
Naju 546 540 488 525 544 557 486 529 99
Yeongnam
plain region		 Milyang 568 565 627 597 557 587 - 572 104
Daegu 518 552 624 565 549 586 559 565 100
Seonsan 644 605 618 622 566 661 614 614 101
Jinju 600 624 564 596 519 584 395 499 119
Mean 554 567 565 562 538 576 519 545 103
Table 1 Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Anpyeong’

*: significant at 5% level, ns: no significant.

Table 2 Abiotic stress response of ‘Anpyeong’

zEvaluation at maximum tillering stage (1: tolerant, 9: susceptible).

yCold tolerance was evaluated at cold water (17℃) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon.

*: significant at 5% level, ns: no significant

Table 3 Major characteristics related to lodging of ‘Anpyeong’
Table 4 Resistance reaction to blast disease and bacterial blight

zN fertilizer of blast nursery test : 240 kg/ha.

yR: resistance, M: moderately resistance, S: susceptible.

xN fertilizer of neck blast : 220 kg/ha.

Table 5 Grain quality of ‘Anpyeong’

zPalatablitity of cooked rice about Chucheong produced in Gyeong-gi was 0.11.

*: ns: no significant at 5% level.

Table 6 Yield of ‘Anpyeong’ at local adaptability test on Ordinary season culture

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

ABOUT

BROWSE ARTICLES

FOR CONTRIBUTORS

EDITORIAL POLICIES

© The Korean Society of Breeding Science.