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극대립이며 밝은 적색 종피 팥 ‘홍찬’ 육성

주영광1,*, 한상익1, 임주성1, 추지호1, 서효섭1, 이병원1, 송석보1, 조영민2, 이지애3, 문혜림4

Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) Variety ‘Hongchan’ With Bright Red Seed Coat Color and a Large Seed Size

YoungKwang Ju1,*, Sang-Ik Han1, Joo-Sung Im1, Ji-Ho Chu1, Hyoseob Seo1, Byung-Won Lee1, SeokBo Song1, Yeong Min Jo2, Ji Ae Lee3, Hyerim Moon4
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2025;57(3):329-337.
Published online: September 1, 2025

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2전북특별자치도농업기술원

3강원특별자치도농업기술원

4충청북도농업기술원

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*Corresponding to YoungKwang JuTEL. +82-31-695-4138E-mail. jyh5807@korea.kr
• Received: June 24, 2025   • Revised: August 13, 2025   • Accepted: August 13, 2025

Copyright © 2025 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new adzuki bean cultivar, ‘Hongchan’ (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi), with a bright red seed coat and large seed size was developed through a pedigree selection by crossing ‘YA0814’ and ‘Milyang9’ from 2009 to 2022. A promising line, ‘YA0912-B-B-6-1-3-3-1-2,’ was selected and designated as ‘Milyang50. ’ From 2020 to 2022, regional yield trials (RYTs) were conducted in four locations (Miryang, Iksan, Cheongju, and Chuncheon). This line demonstrated stable performance and was released under the name ‘Hongchan.’ It has a semi-determinate growth habit, green embryonic color, green stems, yellow flowers, yellow pods, and a white hilum. It is late-maturing, but flowers early; its flowering and maturing dates were August 10 and October 9, respectively, which were 10 days earlier in flowering and 5 days later in maturity than ‘Arari.’ The stem height, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod were 56, 24, and 6.5, respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the L*, a*, and b*values of the seeds and pastes of ‘Hongchan’ and ‘Arari.’ The average 100-seed weight of ‘Hongchan’ was 21.3 g, which was 4.9 g heavier than that of ‘Arari.’ The average yield of ‘Hongchan’ was 2.11 ton/ha, which was 6% higher than that of ‘Arari’ in the 3-year regional yield trial. These results indicate that ‘Hongchan’ is an adzuki bean cultivar suitable for mechanical harvesting and paste processing (Registration No. 5573).
팥(Adzuki bean, Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi)은 장미콩과(Fabaceae), Vigna 속에 속하는 한해살이 작물로 한국, 일본, 중국 등 동북아시아에서 주로 재배된다(Rho et al. 2003). 우리나라에서는 콩 다음으로 많이 재배되는 작물이며, 콩에 비해 수량은 낮으나 다양한 기후 및 토양에 적응하여 여러 작부 체계에 활용될 수 있다(Rho et al. 2003). 2023년 기준 국내 팥 재배면적은 3,690 ha, 생산량은 5,256톤으로 보고되었다(KOSIS 2023). 팥은 종피색에 따라 적색, 연두색, 흑색, 백색 등으로 구분되며(Wang et al. 2019), 유통되는 대부분의 팥은 적색이다. 팥의 종피에는 anthocyanin계 색소 중 하나인 cyanidin이 함유되어 있어(Lee et al. 2022, Yoshida et al. 1996), 성인병 예방과 항암 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며(Kang & Han 2012), 팥에 함유된 사포닌 성분은 배변 촉진을 통한 장 건강 개선뿐만 아니라 신장병, 각기병, 숙취 해소 등에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다(Choi et al. 2002). 팥은 영양학적으로 단백질과 지방질 함량이 비교적 낮고, 탄수화물 함량이 55-70%이며, 탄수화물의 대부분이 전분으로 구성된다(Hsieh et al. 1992, Sung et al. 2020). 팥은 팥죽과 같은 전통 식재료뿐만 아니라 팥 앙금을 활용한 양갱, 빙과, 제과 등의 다양한 가공식품에도 널리 이용되고 있다(Kim et al. 2003). 특히 식품 가공에서 팥 앙금의 색상은 관능적 평가에 중요한 영향을 미치는데(Song et al. 2011), 제품의 특성에 따라 적합한 품종을 선택하여 사용하는 경향이 있다. 팥을 재배하는 농가에서는 쓰러짐에 강하고 종자 외관이 깨끗하며, 알이 굵고 무거운 품종을 선호한다. 이러한 요구를 충족하기 위해 품종 개발에서는 쓰러짐에 강하며, 대립 형질을 지니면서 균일도가 높은 품종 육성을 목표로 하고 있다. 현재까지 개발된 팥 품종은 20여 품종에 이르며, 그 중에서도 쓰러짐에 강하고, 앙금 가공 적성이 우수한 ‘아라리’(Song et al. 2011)가 가장 널리 재배되고 있다. 최근에는 담적색 종피를 가진 ‘해오롬’(Song et al. 2020), ‘홍경’(Song et al. 2021), 흰색 종피를 가진 ‘흰나래’(Song et al. 2022), 담적색 대립 품종인 ‘홍미인’(Song et al. 2023) 등이 개발된 바 있다. 한편, 국내 팥 재배농가의 상당수는 여전히 많은 팥 재배농가에서 덩굴성이 강해 콤바인 수확이 어렵고, 종자 크기가 중립인 ‘충주팥’이나 재래종을 재배하고 있다. ‘아라리’는 콤바인 수확이 가능하나, 종자 크기가 중립에 종피색이 암적색이다. 반면, 가공업체 및 소비자는 앙금 수율이 높고 대립이며 밝은 적색인 팥을 선호하는 경향이 있다. 이러한 수요를 반영하여 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원은 일본에서 수집한 대립에 밝은 적색 유전자원 ‘Toyomi-dainagon’ (Fujita et al. 2003)에 쓰러짐에 강한 ‘새길’(Han et al. 2013)을 인공 교배한 ‘YA0814’ 계통과 개화기가 빠른 조생종 계통 ‘밀양9호’를 인공교배 하였다. 초기세대에서 종자가 크고 담적색인 팥을 선발하였으며, 후기세대에서는 생산력검정을 통해 쓰러짐에 강하고 수량이 높은 극대립에 담적색 품종 ‘홍찬’을 개발하였다.
시험재료 및 재배방법
‘홍찬’(밀양50호)은 2009년도에 내도복성에 대립형질을 지닌 계통 ‘YA0814’를 모본(♀)으로, 내도복성에 조생종인 계통 ‘밀양9호’를 부본(♂)으로 인공교배한 조합에서 육성되었다. 육종사업을 통해 선발된 고정계통에 대해 2020년도부터 2022년도까지 3년간 4개 지역(청원, 익산, 춘천, 밀양)에서 지역적응성 검정시험을 수행하였으며, 대조 품종인 ‘아라리’와 생육특성, 수량성 등을 비교하였다. 시험용 종자는 6월 하순에 파종하였으며, 시험구 크기는 11.2 m2으로 하였다. 시험구는 4개 지역에서 매년 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하여 시험을 수행하였다. 재식 거리는 70×15 cm로 하였으며, 주수는 입모 이후 1구 2주로 조정하였다. 기타 재배 관리는 농촌진흥청 팥 표준재배법에 준하였다. 재배 방법에 따른 주요 농업적 형질 및 수량구성요소, 내도복성, 병해충 저항성 등은 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석기준(RDA 2012)에 준하여 조사하였다.
종자의 영양성분 분석
‘홍찬’ 종실의 조단백질, 무기성분 함량 및 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화 활성 등을 조사하고자 2022년에 수확한 종자를 이용하여 3반복으로 실험을 수행하였다. 조단백질 함량과 무기성분 함량을 분석하기 위해 일정량의 시료를 습식 분해한 후 100 ml에 정용하여 분석용 시료로 활용하였다. 조단백질 함량은 Kjeldahl 방법으로 AOAC 공정분석법(Association of Official Analytical Chemists)에 따라 분석하였다(2300 Kjeltec Analyzer Unit, Foss Tecator, Hoeganaes, Sweden). 칼슘, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 나트륨은 분쇄한 시료(1.0 g)을 550℃에 완전 회화하여 0.25% 질산으로 녹인 후 건식 분해하여 필터페이퍼로 여과하고, 25 ml 둥근 플라스크에 정량 한 후 ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma, Optima-3300DV, Perkin0Elimer, Norwalk, CT, USA)를 이용하여 무기 성분을 분석하였다. 항산화 성분 분석은 시료의 일정량을 80% 에탄올에 침지한 후, 상온에서 24시간 동안 3회 진탕 추출하였다(WiseCube WIS-RL010, Daihan Scientific Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea). 추출물은 여과하여 사용하였고, 분석에 사용된 시료는 추출 용매를 이용하여 농도를 100 *#181;g/mL로 보정하여 사용하였다. 추출물의 항산화 활성은 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, Sigma-Aldrich) 및 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, Sigma-Aldrich) radical 소거 활성을 측정하였으며(Choi et al. 2006), 단위는 mgTE (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity)/g extract residue (ER)로 나타내었다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 Folin-Ciocalteu reagent가 추출물 내 폴리페놀성 화합물에 의해 환원되면서 몰리브덴 청색으로 발색되는 원리로 분석하였다(Dewanto et al. 2002). 총 플라보노이드 함량은 Dewanto (2002) 등의 방법에 준하여 분석하였다. 추출물 250 μL에 증류수 1 mL와 5% NaNO2 75 μL를 혼합하고, 5분 후에 10% AlCl3⋅6H2O 150 μL를 첨가하였다. 이후 상온에서 6분 동안 방치한 후 1 N NaOH 500 μL를 혼합하여 11분간 반응 시켰다. 반응 종료 후, 반응액의 흡광도를 510 nm에서 측정하여 총 플라보노이드 함량을 산출하였다.
팥 앙금 제조 및 색도, 수율 측정
팥 앙금은 Cho & Park (1997)의 방법을 변형하여 제조하였다. 각 시료 50 g에 증류수 250 ml을 가하여 30℃에서 24시간 침지한 후, 시료를 2시간 동안 중탕 가열하였다. 가열된 시료는 면포에 담아 120분 동안 방치하여 물기를 제거하였다. 고운 앙금은 체반에 걸러 종피를 분리하여 얻었다. 종자 원곡과 고운 앙금의 색도 분석은 색차계(CM-3500d, Minolta, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 명암도(Lightness, L*), 적색도(Redness, a*), 황색도(Yellowness, b*)를 측정하였다. 측정은 CIE L*a*b* 색 공간, 표준 광원 D65로 하였으며, 표준 백판의 L*, a*, b*값은 각각 98.90, -0.10, -0.36이었다. 앙금의 수율은 앙금 건조 전과 후의 무게를 측정하여 습물중과 건물중 수율로 산출하였다. 앙금의 건조 과정은 동결건조기(FDT-8612, OPERON, Kimpo, Korea)를 이용하여 실시하였다.
통계분석
통계분석은 R (Version 4.2.0, The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform)을 사용하였으며, 육성 품종과 대조 품종 간 품질특성, 생육특성, 수량성 등 비교를 위해 t-test를 수행하였다.
육성경위
팥 신품종 ‘홍찬’은 기계 수확이 가능한 극대립에 밝은 적색 팥 품종을 개발하고자 육성되었다. 홍찬의 교배모본으로 이용된 계통 ‘YA0814’는 직립 초형에 대립 형질을 지닌 계통, ‘밀양9호’는 개화기가 빠르고, 내도복성이 우수한 계통이다. 2009년도에 ‘YA0814’를 모본(♀)으로 하고, 밀양9호를 부본(♂)으로 하여 인공교배를 실시하였다. 2010-2011년도에 F1, F2 세대 집단을 양성하였으며, 이후 계통육종법에 의해 초형 및 종자 품질이 우수한 개체를 선발하여 우수 계통을 육성하였다. 초형 등이 고정되고 백립중이 상대적으로 무거운 계통을 2017년도에 선발하였고, 2018-2019년도에 실시한 생산력 검정시험에서 ‘아라리’에 비해 개화기가 빠르고, 성숙기는 조금 느리며 종자 품질과 앙금 가공적성이 우수한 계통 ‘YA0912-B-B-6-1-3-3-1-2’을 선발하여 ‘밀양50호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. ‘밀양50호’는 2020년부터 2022년까지 3년간 4개의 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험에서 초형과 내도복성, 종자의 색택과 가공적성이 우수한 점, 대조품종보다 수량성이 우수한 점 등이 인정되었다. 이에 농촌진흥청 직무 육성 신품종선정심의위원회에서 품종으로 선정되어 ‘홍찬’으로 명명하고, 신품종으로 등록하였다. ‘홍찬’의 육성 과정은 Fig. 1과 같다.
식물학적 및 주요 농업적 특성
‘홍찬’의 엽형은 원형이고, 줄기는 녹색이며 중간신육형이다. 꽃은 황색이며 꼬투리는 연한 갈색이다. 종피색은 담적색이며 제색은 백색이다(Table 1, Fig. 2). ‘생육특성은 ‘아라리’와 비교 시 개화기는 8월 10일이고, 성숙기는 10월 9일로 ‘아라리’ 대비 개화기가 빠르고, 성숙기는 5일 정도 늦다. 경장은 56 cm로 ‘아라리’보다 4 cm 정도 더 크고, 직립성으로 초형이 양호하다. 100립중은 21.3 g으로 ‘아라리’보다 4.9 g 더 무거웠으며, 협수와 협당립수는 각각 평균 24개, 6.5개로 ‘아라리’와 비슷하였다(Table 2). ‘홍찬’의 종자의 색택, 무게 및 내도복성 관련 인자는 ‘YA0814’에서, 이른 개화기 관련 인자는 ‘밀양9호’에서 유래된 것으로 추정된다.
도복 및 병해충 검정
‘홍찬’의 내도복성 및 내병성을 대조품종인 ‘아라리’와 비교한 결과, 내도복성은 ‘3’으로 대조품종과 비슷한 수준을 나타내어 도복에 강한 것으로 조사되었다. 팥 종실의 품질과 수량에 영향을 주는 바이러스병, 흰가루병, 갈반병에 대한 저항성은 각각 1, 1, 3으로 대조품종과 비슷한 수준이었다(Table 3). ‘홍찬’은 ‘아라리’와 비슷한 수준의 내도복성을 가진 품종으로 콤바인을 이용한 기계수확이 가능할 것으로 보인다.
품질특성

1. 종자 영양성분 분석

‘홍찬’의 단백질 함량은 22%이고, 종실의 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨 함량은 각각 1,381, 75, 223, 29 mg/100g으로 ‘아라리’와 비슷하였다(Table 4). 총 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 321, 162 mgGAE/100g으로 ‘아라리’보다 6, 17% 높았다. Radical 소거 활성인 ABTS와 DPPH은 각각 913, 686 mgTE/100g으로 ‘아라리’보다 4, 2% 높았지만 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 보이지 않았다(Table 5).

2. 원곡 및 앙금 특성

‘홍찬’은 종실의 길이와 너비가 각각 7.9, 6.1 mm로 대조 품종인 ‘아라리’보다 더 컸으며, 장폭비는 두 품종 모두 1.3으로 동일하였다. 원곡의 색도(CIE L*a*b*, D65 광원 기준)는 명도(L*), 적색도(a*), 황색도(b*)를 조사하였을 때, 홍찬의 L*, a*, b*값이 각각 41.6, 10.4, 5.1로 측정되어 ‘아라리’(39.5, 6.5, 2.2)보다 밝은 적색을 나타냈다(Fig. 2, Table 6). 고운 앙금의 색도 또한 70.4, 5.1, 6.9로 ‘아라리’(66.1, 4.1, 4.3)보다 유의미하게 높아 밝은 적색을 나타냈다. 앙금의 수율은 습물중과 건물중이 각각 176.5, 65.1%로 아라리와 비슷하였다(Table 7). 이러한 ‘홍찬’의 색도 특성은 빙과류, 제과 제품 등 외관 품질이 중요한 가공품에 차별성을 부여할 수 있으므로 가공적성 평가와 소비자 선호도 조사를 통해 색도 특성이 산업 현장에서 미치는 실질적 영향을 검토할 필요가 있다.

수량 및 수량구성요소

지역적응성 검정시험은 2020년부터 2022년까지 3개년 동안 청원, 익산, 밀양, 춘천 등 4개소에서 수행되었으며, 평균 수량이 2.11 MT/ha로 대비품종인 ‘아라리’(1.99 MT/ha)보다 6% 증수하였다(Table 8).

재배상 유의점

팥은 개화시기에 고온⋅건조한 환경이 조성되면 화분 발아가 억제되고 낙화 현상이 나타나 수량 감소로 이어질 수 있다(Tasaki 1959). ‘홍찬’은 8월 초중순에 개화하므로, 기온이 높고 건조한 날씨에 대비하여 관수 관리를 철저히 하여야 한다. 산간 고랭지 재배 시에는 6월 하순에 파종하여 수확시기 서리 피해가 발생하지 않도록 주의하여야 한다.
팥 신품종 ‘홍찬’은 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 기계 수확이 가능한 담적색 대립 팥 품종 육성을 목표로 개발된 품종이다. 인공교배는 2009년도에 쓰러짐에 강하고, 대립 형질을 보유한 ‘YA0814’를 모본, 개화기가 빠른 ‘밀양9호’를 부본으로 이용하였다. 이후 계통육종법을 통해 담적색에 대립이며, 내도복성 등이 강한 개체를 선발하였다. 2018년부터 2019년도에 실시한 생산력 검정시험에서는 다수성 대립 담적색 팥 계통으로 유망하여 ‘밀양50호’의 계통명을 부여하였고, 2020년부터 2022년까지 3년간 4개소에서 수행한 지역적응성 검정시험에서 수량성이 높고, 쓰러짐에 강하며, 대립인 특성을 나타내어 ‘홍찬’으로 명명되었다. ‘홍찬’은 중간신육형, 엽형이 원형, 화색이 노란색, 협색이 연갈색, 종피는 담적색, 제색은 백색인 품종이다. 개화기는 8월 10일, 성숙기는 10월 9일로 ‘아라리’에 비해 개화기는 빠르나, 성숙기는 늦다. 경장은 56 cm로 52 cm인 ‘아라리’보다 크며 도복 정도는 3으로 평가되었다. 바이러스, 흰가루병, 갈반병 등 내병성은 각각 1, 1, 3으로 ‘아라리’와 비슷하였다. ‘홍찬’은 앙금 가공 시, 습물중과 건물중은 ‘아라리’와 비슷하였으며, 앙금 색도는 ‘아라리’ 대비 밝은 적색을 유지하였다. 개체당 평균 꼬투리수는 25개, 꼬투리당 립수는 6.5개이며, 백립중은 21.3 g으로 대립 특성을 가진다. 3년간 지역적응성 시험 결과, 시험 지역 내 평균 수량성은 2.11 MT/ha로 대조 품종 ‘아라리’ 대비 6% 증수하였다. ‘홍찬’은 재배 시 충분한 수량성 확보를 위해 적기 파종과 함께 개화기 전후로 충분한 관수와 양분 관리를 해주는 것이 중요하며, 산간 고랭지 재배 시에는 성숙기에 서리 피해가 발생하지 않도록 유의해야 한다. ‘홍찬’은 직립 초형에 대립 종자와 조기 개화 형질을 동시에 보유하여 기계수확 적응성과 가공 적성이 우수하며 팥 육종의 기반 소재로서 활용 가치가 높다. 기계화 재배 확대와 고부가가치 가공식품 산업 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원의 연구사업(과제명: 기후변화 대응 재배안정성 향상 팥⋅녹두 신품종 육성, 과제번호: PJ01608005)의 지원으로 수행되었습니다.
Fig. 1
Genealogical diagram of ‘Hongchan’.
kjbs-57-3-329-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Comparison of mature Plants, seeds, and paste types between ‘Hongchan’ and ‘Arari’. The scale bar at the bottom right represents 25 mm in the length.
kjbs-57-3-329-f2.jpg
Table 1
Inherent characteristics of ‘Hongchan’.
Table 1
Variety Growth habit Embryonic color Stem color Flower color Lear shape Pod color Seed coat color Hilum color
Hongchan Semi-determinate Green Green Yellow Orbicular Yellow Bright red White
Arari Semi-determinate Green Green Yellow Orbicular Yellow Dark red White
Table 2
Quantitative characteristics of ‘Hongchan’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2020 to 2022.
Table 2
Variety Flowering date Maturity date Stem height (cm) No. of pods/plant Seeds/pod 100-seed weight (g)
Hongchan Aug. 10. Oct. 9. 56* 24ns 6.5ns 21.3**
Arari Aug. 20. Oct. 4. 52 25 6.3 16.4

nsNot significant in the t-test, but *significant at p<0.05 the 5%, **significatnt at p<0.01 the 1%.

Table 3
Resistance of ‘Hongchan’ to lodging and major diseases of adzuki bean from 2020 to 2022.
Table 3
Variety Lodging (1-9)z Disease severity (0-9)y
Virus Powdery mildew Brown leaf spot
Hongchan 3 1 1 3
Arari 3 1 1 3

z(1) Tolerant-(9) Susceptible.

y(0) Tolerant-(9) Susceptible.

Table 4
Protein and inorganic contents of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.
Table 4
Variety Protein (%) Inorganic contents (mg/100g)
K Ca Mg Na
Hongchan 22.0 1,381ns 75ns 223ns 29ns
Arari 22.9 1,363 81 229 26

nsnon-significant difference between Hongchan and Arari with a 0.05 significance level using a t-test.

Table 5
Antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging activity of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.
Table 5
Variety Antioxidant compounds Radical-scavenging activity
Total polyphenol
(mgGAE/100g)		 Total flavonoid
(mgCE/100g)		 ABTS
(mg TE/100g)		 DPPH
(mg TE/100g)
Hongchan 321* 162** 913ns 686ns
Arari 302 138 875 672

nsNot significant in the t-test, but *significant at p<0.05 the 5%, **significant at p<0.01 the 1%.

Table 6
Characteristics of seed of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.
Table 6
Variety Whole seed Color valuez
Length
(mm, n=3)		 Width
(mm, n=3)		 Index
(Length/Width)		 L* a* b* ΔE*
Hongchan 7.9** 6.1** 1.3 41.6* 10.4** 5.1** 5.3
Arari 7.6 5.7 1.3 39.5 6.5 2.2

z(L*) Lightness, (a*) Green~Red, (b*) Blue~Yellow, (ΔE*)>3%: Significant color difference.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but *significant at p<0.05 the 5%, **significant at p<0.01 the 1%.

Table 7
Characteristics of paste of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.
Table 7
Variety Yield of paste (%) Color valuez
Wet basis Dry basis L* a* b* ΔE*
Hongchan 176.5ns 65.1ns 70.4** 5.1** 6.9** 5.1
Arari 174.9 65.5 66.1 4.1 4.3

z(L*) Lightness, (a*) Green~Red, (b*) Blue~Yellow, (ΔE*)>3%: Significant color difference.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but *significant at p<0.05 the 5%, **significant at p<0.01 the 1%.

Table 8
Yield of ‘Hongchan’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 tested sites.
Table 8
Yield (ton/ha)
Tested site Hongchan Arari (control) Indexz
'20 '21 '22 Mean '20 '21 '22 Mean
Cheongwon 2.83 2.19 2.38 2.47 2.06 1.96 2.28 2.10 118
Chunchen 2.11 1.79 2.24 2.05 1.81 1.96 2.19 1.99 103
Iksan 1.84 2.11 2.01 1.99 1.86 2.06 1.87 1.93 103
Miryang 1.73 1.85 2.25 1.94 1.86 1.82 2.19 1.96 99
Mean 2.13 1.99 2.22 2.11ns 1.90 1.95 2.13 1.99 106

zIndex: (Mean yield of ‘Hongchan’/mean yield of ‘Arari’)×100.

nsnon-significant difference between Hongchan and Arari with a 0.05 significance level using a t-test.

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Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) Variety ‘Hongchan’ With Bright Red Seed Coat Color and a Large Seed Size
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(3):329-337.   Published online September 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2025.57.3.329
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Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) Variety ‘Hongchan’ With Bright Red Seed Coat Color and a Large Seed Size
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(3):329-337.   Published online September 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2025.57.3.329
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Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) Variety ‘Hongchan’ With Bright Red Seed Coat Color and a Large Seed Size
Image Image
Fig. 1 Genealogical diagram of ‘Hongchan’.
Fig. 2 Comparison of mature Plants, seeds, and paste types between ‘Hongchan’ and ‘Arari’. The scale bar at the bottom right represents 25 mm in the length.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) Variety ‘Hongchan’ With Bright Red Seed Coat Color and a Large Seed Size

Inherent characteristics of ‘Hongchan’.

Variety Growth habit Embryonic color Stem color Flower color Lear shape Pod color Seed coat color Hilum color
Hongchan Semi-determinate Green Green Yellow Orbicular Yellow Bright red White
Arari Semi-determinate Green Green Yellow Orbicular Yellow Dark red White

Quantitative characteristics of ‘Hongchan’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2020 to 2022.

Variety Flowering date Maturity date Stem height (cm) No. of pods/plant Seeds/pod 100-seed weight (g)
Hongchan Aug. 10. Oct. 9. 56* 24ns 6.5ns 21.3**
Arari Aug. 20. Oct. 4. 52 25 6.3 16.4

Resistance of ‘Hongchan’ to lodging and major diseases of adzuki bean from 2020 to 2022.

Variety Lodging (1-9)z Disease severity (0-9)y
Virus Powdery mildew Brown leaf spot
Hongchan 3 1 1 3
Arari 3 1 1 3

Protein and inorganic contents of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.

Variety Protein (%) Inorganic contents (mg/100g)
K Ca Mg Na
Hongchan 22.0 1,381ns 75ns 223ns 29ns
Arari 22.9 1,363 81 229 26

Antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging activity of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.

Variety Antioxidant compounds Radical-scavenging activity
Total polyphenol
(mgGAE/100g)		 Total flavonoid
(mgCE/100g)		 ABTS
(mg TE/100g)		 DPPH
(mg TE/100g)
Hongchan 321* 162** 913ns 686ns
Arari 302 138 875 672

Characteristics of seed of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.

Variety Whole seed Color valuez
Length
(mm, n=3)		 Width
(mm, n=3)		 Index
(Length/Width)		 L* a* b* ΔE*
Hongchan 7.9** 6.1** 1.3 41.6* 10.4** 5.1** 5.3
Arari 7.6 5.7 1.3 39.5 6.5 2.2

Characteristics of paste of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.

Variety Yield of paste (%) Color valuez
Wet basis Dry basis L* a* b* ΔE*
Hongchan 176.5ns 65.1ns 70.4** 5.1** 6.9** 5.1
Arari 174.9 65.5 66.1 4.1 4.3

Yield of ‘Hongchan’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 tested sites.

Yield (ton/ha)
Tested site Hongchan Arari (control) Indexz
'20 '21 '22 Mean '20 '21 '22 Mean
Cheongwon 2.83 2.19 2.38 2.47 2.06 1.96 2.28 2.10 118
Chunchen 2.11 1.79 2.24 2.05 1.81 1.96 2.19 1.99 103
Iksan 1.84 2.11 2.01 1.99 1.86 2.06 1.87 1.93 103
Miryang 1.73 1.85 2.25 1.94 1.86 1.82 2.19 1.96 99
Mean 2.13 1.99 2.22 2.11ns 1.90 1.95 2.13 1.99 106
Table 1 Inherent characteristics of ‘Hongchan’.
Table 2 Quantitative characteristics of ‘Hongchan’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2020 to 2022.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but *significant at p<0.05 the 5%, **significatnt at p<0.01 the 1%.

Table 3 Resistance of ‘Hongchan’ to lodging and major diseases of adzuki bean from 2020 to 2022.

z(1) Tolerant-(9) Susceptible.

y(0) Tolerant-(9) Susceptible.

Table 4 Protein and inorganic contents of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.

nsnon-significant difference between Hongchan and Arari with a 0.05 significance level using a t-test.

Table 5 Antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging activity of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but *significant at p<0.05 the 5%, **significant at p<0.01 the 1%.

Table 6 Characteristics of seed of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.

z(L*) Lightness, (a*) Green~Red, (b*) Blue~Yellow, (ΔE*)>3%: Significant color difference.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but *significant at p<0.05 the 5%, **significant at p<0.01 the 1%.

Table 7 Characteristics of paste of ‘Hongchan’ estimated in 2023.

z(L*) Lightness, (a*) Green~Red, (b*) Blue~Yellow, (ΔE*)>3%: Significant color difference.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but *significant at p<0.05 the 5%, **significant at p<0.01 the 1%.

Table 8 Yield of ‘Hongchan’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 tested sites.

zIndex: (Mean yield of ‘Hongchan’/mean yield of ‘Arari’)×100.

nsnon-significant difference between Hongchan and Arari with a 0.05 significance level using a t-test.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

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