1 농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생물안전성과
1 Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Korea
2 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 답작과
2 Rice Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-857, Korea
© Tshe Korean Society of Breeding Science All rights reserved
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| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | OECDz | p valuey | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Protein | 6.34± 0.11 | 5.43± 0.15 | 5.30 ± 0.20 | 5.22 ± 0.08 | 7.1 – 8.3 | <0.05 |
| Lipid | 1.46± 0.11 | 1.77± 0.12 | 1.77 ± 0.24 | 2.08 ± 0.22 | 1.6 – 2.8 | <0.05 |
| Ash | 1.24± 0.02 | 1.10± 0.07 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 1.05 ± 0.09 | 1.0 – 1.5 | <0.05 |
| Fiber | 0.91± 0.04 | 0.58± 0.10 | 0.58 ± 0.20 | 0.78 ± 0.09 | 0.6 – 1.0 | <0.05 |
| SDFx | 0.33± 0.04 | 0.39± 0.04 | 0.42 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 0.7 | NSu |
| IDFw | 4.13± 0.05 | 4.12± 0.25 | 4.03 ± 0.29 | 4.79 ± 0.12 | 2.3 | NS |
| Starch | 63.87 ± 1.75 | 66.79 ± 3.09 | 61.68 ± 5.37 | 58.84 ± 2.85 | 66.4 | NS |
| Carbohydratesv | 89.89 ± 0.23 | 90.73 ± 0.23 | 92.03 ± 0.42 | 91.64 ± 0.24 | 87.4 – 90.3 | NS |
The values of proximate were calculated as percentage of dry matter. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: OECD (2004) data
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xSDF: soluble dietary fiber
wIDF: insoluble dietary fiber
vCarbohydrates levels were estimated by the following formula: %carbohydrates=100 (%protein+%lipid+%ash)
uNS: Not Significant
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | OECDz | p valuey | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Alanine | 5.70 ± 0.11 | 5.72 ± 0.05 | 5.69 ± 0.14 | 5.42 ± 0.08 | 5.8 | NSx |
| Arginine | 8.10 ± 0.11 | 8.27 ± 0.11 | 8.03 ± 0.19 | 7.65 ± 0.15 | 8.5 – 10.5 | NS |
| Aspartic acid | 9.25 ± 0.14 | 9.17 ± 0.05 | 8.89 ± 0.20 | 8.82 ± 0.16 | 9.0, 9.5 | NS |
| Cysteine | 2.47 ± 0.06 | 2.44 ± 0.21 | 2.66 ± 0.13 | 2.41 ± 0.10 | 2.2 – 2.4 | NS |
| Glutamic acid | 16.96 ± 0.29 | 16.91 ± 0.11 | 16.93 ± 0.31 | 15.74 ± 0.33 | 16.9, 17.6 | NS |
| Glycine | 4.82 ± 0.10 | 4.90 ± 0.05 | 4.73 ± 0.14 | 4.66 ± 0.08 | 4.7, 4.8 | NS |
| Histidine | 2.56 ± 0.26 | 2.55 ± 0.05 | 2.48 ± 0.05 | 2.48 ± 0.06 | 2.4, 2.6 | NS |
| Isoleucine | 3.57 ± 0.07 | 3.57 ± 0.02 | 3.49 ± 0.06 | 3.30 ± 0.06 | 3.6 – 4.6 | NS |
| Leucine | 7.89 ± 0.10 | 7.88 ± 0.05 | 7.86 ± 0.13 | 7.18 ± 0.09 | 8.3 – 8.9 | NS |
| Lysine | 4.04 ± 0.08 | 4.02 ± 0.04 | 3.82 ± 0.11 | 4.01 ± 0.04 | 3.9, 4.3 | NS |
| Methionine | 2.18 ± 0.06 | 2.24 ± 0.22 | 2.33 ± 0.10 | 2.40 ± 0.09 | 2.3, 2.5 | NS |
| Phenylalanine | 5.06 ± 0.09 | 4.98 ± 0.03 | 4.96 ± 0.09 | 4.60 ± 0.07 | 5.0, 5.3 | NS |
| Proline | 4.67 ± 0.16 | 4.78 ± 0.09 | 4.24 ± 0.10 | 3.99 ± 0.06 | 4.8, 5.1 | NS |
| Serine | 5.14 ± 0.09 | 5.19 ± 0.03 | 5.11 ± 0.13 | 4.97 ± 0.12 | 4.8 – 5.8 | NS |
| Threonine | 3.74 ± 0.07 | 3.78 ± 0.02 | 3.61 ± 0.09 | 3.58 ± 0.07 | 3.9 – 4.0 | NS |
| Tyrosine | 3.60 ± 0.27 | 3.59 ± 0.08 | 3.83 ± 0.24 | 3.58 ± 0.07 | 3.8 – 4.6 | NS |
| Valine | 5.23 ± 0.15 | 5.36 ± 0.03 | 5.22 ± 0.09 | 5.00 ± 0.09 | 5.0 – 6.6 | NS |
The values of amino acids were calculated as a percentage to total protein. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: OECD (2004) data
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xNS: Not Significant
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | Literaturez | p valuey | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Myristic acid (C14:0) | 4.06 ± 0.02 | 0.44 ± 0.17 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 0.22 – 0.50 | NSx |
| Palmitic acid (C16:0) | 14.92 ± 0.13 | 15.38 ± 0.33 | 15.50 ± 0.42 | 15.02 ± 0.41 | 16.62 – 22.04 | NS |
| Stearic acid (C18:0) | 2.08 ± 0.06 | 1.97 ± 0.15 | 2.89 ± 0.76 | 3.37 ± 0.69 | 0.75 – 2.76 | NS |
| Oleic acid (C18:1) | 36.14 ± 0.05 | 37.90 ± 0.31 | 34.49 ± 0.73 | 35.33 ± 1.65 | 35.98 – 44.23 | <0.05 |
| Linoleic acid (C18:2) | 33.13 ± 0.02 | 31.12 ± 0.89 | 31.72 ± 0.81 | 31.62 ± 0.83 | 31.10 – 42.66 | NS |
| Linolenic acid (C18:3) | 1.65 ± 0.03 | 1.40 ± 0.06 | 1.34 ± 0.18 | 1.18 ± 0.09 | 0.83 – 3.36 | <0.05 |
| Arachidonic acid (C20:0) | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.04 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.61 ± 0.02 | 0.44 – 0.76 | NS |
| Gadoleic acid (C20:1) | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 0.58 ± 0.05 | 0.60 ± 0.18 | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 0.35 – 0.60 | NS |
The values of fatty acids are indicated as a percentage of total fatty acids. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: Kim et al. (2013), Kyoun et al. (2006), and Park et al. (2012)
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xNS: Not Significant
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | OECDz | p valuey | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Copper (μg/g) | 6.74 ± 2.88 | 5.86 ± 2.73 | 2.75 ± 0.19 | 4.16 ± 0.71 | 1 – 7 | NSx |
| Iron (μg/g) | 16.70 ± 1.06 | 13.34 ± 0.44 | 11.72 ± 1.85 | 12.04 ± 1.57 | 2 – 60 | <0.05 |
| Zinc (μg/g) | 32.05 ± 3.18 | 26.04 ± 1.91 | 19.22 ± 0.68 | 25.87 ± 1.68 | 7 – 33 | <0.05 |
| Manganese (μg/g) | 32.27 ± 0.66 | 18.89 ± 0.58 | 25.41 ± 1.43 | 28.60 ± 2.57 | 2 – 42 | <0.05 |
| Calcium (mg/g) | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.00 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.1 – 0.6 | <0.05 |
| Sulfer (mg/g) | 1.13 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 0.78 ± 0.02 | 0.98 ± 0.04 | 0.3 – 2.2 | <0.05 |
| Magnesium (mg/g) | 1.33 ± 0.03 | 1.03 ± 0.05 | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 1.05 ± 0.10 | 0.2 – 1.7 | <0.05 |
| Potassium (mg/g) | 3.00 ± 0.20 | 2.45 ± 0.18 | 2.34 ± 0.15 | 2.35 ± 0.23 | 0.7 – 3.2 | <0.05 |
| Phosphorus (mg/g) | 4.51 ± 0.09 | 3.51 ± 0.15 | 3.23 ± 0.12 | 3.47 ± 0.29 | 2 – 5 | <0.05 |
Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: OECD (2004) data
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xNS: Not Significant
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | OECDz | p valuey | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Vitamin B1 (μg/g) | 3.73 ± 0.11 | 3.60 ± 0.09 | 3.50 ± 0.21 | 3.74 ± 0.34 | 2.9 – 6.1 | NSx |
| Vitamin B2 (μg/g) | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 0.62 ± 0.01 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.4 – 1.4 | <0.05 |
| Vitamin B3 (μg/g) | 4.57 ± 0.08 | 4.61 ± 0.49 | 4.28 ± 0.21 | 4.33 ± 0.27 | 35 – 53 | NS |
| Vitamin B7 (μg/g) | 1.08 ± 0.12 | 5.70 ± 0.44 | 12.77 ± 2.47 | 3.38 ± 0.22 | 0.04 – 0.10 | <0.05 |
| Vitamin E (μg/g) | 12.20 ± 1.13 | 11.23 ± 0.92 | 13.39 ± 2.16 | 10.76 ± 1.44 | 9 – 25 | NS |
| Trypsin inhibition (TIU/mg) | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | Not available | |
| Phytic acid (%) | 1.01 ± 0.05 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | Not available | <0.05 |
Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: OECD (2004) data
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xNS: Not Significant
Comparison and analysis of differences of the proximates measured in brown rice.
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | OECD |
p value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Protein | 6.34± 0.11 | 5.43± 0.15 | 5.30 ± 0.20 | 5.22 ± 0.08 | 7.1 – 8.3 | <0.05 |
| Lipid | 1.46± 0.11 | 1.77± 0.12 | 1.77 ± 0.24 | 2.08 ± 0.22 | 1.6 – 2.8 | <0.05 |
| Ash | 1.24± 0.02 | 1.10± 0.07 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 1.05 ± 0.09 | 1.0 – 1.5 | <0.05 |
| Fiber | 0.91± 0.04 | 0.58± 0.10 | 0.58 ± 0.20 | 0.78 ± 0.09 | 0.6 – 1.0 | <0.05 |
| SDF |
0.33± 0.04 | 0.39± 0.04 | 0.42 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 0.7 | NS |
| IDF |
4.13± 0.05 | 4.12± 0.25 | 4.03 ± 0.29 | 4.79 ± 0.12 | 2.3 | NS |
| Starch | 63.87 ± 1.75 | 66.79 ± 3.09 | 61.68 ± 5.37 | 58.84 ± 2.85 | 66.4 | NS |
| Carbohydrates |
89.89 ± 0.23 | 90.73 ± 0.23 | 92.03 ± 0.42 | 91.64 ± 0.24 | 87.4 – 90.3 | NS |
The values of proximate were calculated as percentage of dry matter. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: OECD (2004) data
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xSDF: soluble dietary fiber
wIDF: insoluble dietary fiber
vCarbohydrates levels were estimated by the following formula: %carbohydrates=100 (%protein+%lipid+%ash)
uNS: Not Significant
Comparison and analysis of differences of the amino acids measured in brown rice.
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | OECD |
p value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Alanine | 5.70 ± 0.11 | 5.72 ± 0.05 | 5.69 ± 0.14 | 5.42 ± 0.08 | 5.8 | NS |
| Arginine | 8.10 ± 0.11 | 8.27 ± 0.11 | 8.03 ± 0.19 | 7.65 ± 0.15 | 8.5 – 10.5 | NS |
| Aspartic acid | 9.25 ± 0.14 | 9.17 ± 0.05 | 8.89 ± 0.20 | 8.82 ± 0.16 | 9.0, 9.5 | NS |
| Cysteine | 2.47 ± 0.06 | 2.44 ± 0.21 | 2.66 ± 0.13 | 2.41 ± 0.10 | 2.2 – 2.4 | NS |
| Glutamic acid | 16.96 ± 0.29 | 16.91 ± 0.11 | 16.93 ± 0.31 | 15.74 ± 0.33 | 16.9, 17.6 | NS |
| Glycine | 4.82 ± 0.10 | 4.90 ± 0.05 | 4.73 ± 0.14 | 4.66 ± 0.08 | 4.7, 4.8 | NS |
| Histidine | 2.56 ± 0.26 | 2.55 ± 0.05 | 2.48 ± 0.05 | 2.48 ± 0.06 | 2.4, 2.6 | NS |
| Isoleucine | 3.57 ± 0.07 | 3.57 ± 0.02 | 3.49 ± 0.06 | 3.30 ± 0.06 | 3.6 – 4.6 | NS |
| Leucine | 7.89 ± 0.10 | 7.88 ± 0.05 | 7.86 ± 0.13 | 7.18 ± 0.09 | 8.3 – 8.9 | NS |
| Lysine | 4.04 ± 0.08 | 4.02 ± 0.04 | 3.82 ± 0.11 | 4.01 ± 0.04 | 3.9, 4.3 | NS |
| Methionine | 2.18 ± 0.06 | 2.24 ± 0.22 | 2.33 ± 0.10 | 2.40 ± 0.09 | 2.3, 2.5 | NS |
| Phenylalanine | 5.06 ± 0.09 | 4.98 ± 0.03 | 4.96 ± 0.09 | 4.60 ± 0.07 | 5.0, 5.3 | NS |
| Proline | 4.67 ± 0.16 | 4.78 ± 0.09 | 4.24 ± 0.10 | 3.99 ± 0.06 | 4.8, 5.1 | NS |
| Serine | 5.14 ± 0.09 | 5.19 ± 0.03 | 5.11 ± 0.13 | 4.97 ± 0.12 | 4.8 – 5.8 | NS |
| Threonine | 3.74 ± 0.07 | 3.78 ± 0.02 | 3.61 ± 0.09 | 3.58 ± 0.07 | 3.9 – 4.0 | NS |
| Tyrosine | 3.60 ± 0.27 | 3.59 ± 0.08 | 3.83 ± 0.24 | 3.58 ± 0.07 | 3.8 – 4.6 | NS |
| Valine | 5.23 ± 0.15 | 5.36 ± 0.03 | 5.22 ± 0.09 | 5.00 ± 0.09 | 5.0 – 6.6 | NS |
The values of amino acids were calculated as a percentage to total protein. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: OECD (2004) data
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xNS: Not Significant
Comparison and analysis of differences of the fatty acids measured in brown rice.
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | Literature |
p value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Myristic acid (C14:0) | 4.06 ± 0.02 | 0.44 ± 0.17 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 0.22 – 0.50 | NS |
| Palmitic acid (C16:0) | 14.92 ± 0.13 | 15.38 ± 0.33 | 15.50 ± 0.42 | 15.02 ± 0.41 | 16.62 – 22.04 | NS |
| Stearic acid (C18:0) | 2.08 ± 0.06 | 1.97 ± 0.15 | 2.89 ± 0.76 | 3.37 ± 0.69 | 0.75 – 2.76 | NS |
| Oleic acid (C18:1) | 36.14 ± 0.05 | 37.90 ± 0.31 | 34.49 ± 0.73 | 35.33 ± 1.65 | 35.98 – 44.23 | <0.05 |
| Linoleic acid (C18:2) | 33.13 ± 0.02 | 31.12 ± 0.89 | 31.72 ± 0.81 | 31.62 ± 0.83 | 31.10 – 42.66 | NS |
| Linolenic acid (C18:3) | 1.65 ± 0.03 | 1.40 ± 0.06 | 1.34 ± 0.18 | 1.18 ± 0.09 | 0.83 – 3.36 | <0.05 |
| Arachidonic acid (C20:0) | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.04 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.61 ± 0.02 | 0.44 – 0.76 | NS |
| Gadoleic acid (C20:1) | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 0.58 ± 0.05 | 0.60 ± 0.18 | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 0.35 – 0.60 | NS |
The values of fatty acids are indicated as a percentage of total fatty acids. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: Kim et al. (2013), Kyoun et al. (2006), and Park et al. (2012)
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xNS: Not Significant
Comparison and analysis of differences of the minerals measured in brown rice.
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | OECD |
p value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Copper (μg/g) | 6.74 ± 2.88 | 5.86 ± 2.73 | 2.75 ± 0.19 | 4.16 ± 0.71 | 1 – 7 | NS |
| Iron (μg/g) | 16.70 ± 1.06 | 13.34 ± 0.44 | 11.72 ± 1.85 | 12.04 ± 1.57 | 2 – 60 | <0.05 |
| Zinc (μg/g) | 32.05 ± 3.18 | 26.04 ± 1.91 | 19.22 ± 0.68 | 25.87 ± 1.68 | 7 – 33 | <0.05 |
| Manganese (μg/g) | 32.27 ± 0.66 | 18.89 ± 0.58 | 25.41 ± 1.43 | 28.60 ± 2.57 | 2 – 42 | <0.05 |
| Calcium (mg/g) | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.00 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.1 – 0.6 | <0.05 |
| Sulfer (mg/g) | 1.13 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 0.78 ± 0.02 | 0.98 ± 0.04 | 0.3 – 2.2 | <0.05 |
| Magnesium (mg/g) | 1.33 ± 0.03 | 1.03 ± 0.05 | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 1.05 ± 0.10 | 0.2 – 1.7 | <0.05 |
| Potassium (mg/g) | 3.00 ± 0.20 | 2.45 ± 0.18 | 2.34 ± 0.15 | 2.35 ± 0.23 | 0.7 – 3.2 | <0.05 |
| Phosphorus (mg/g) | 4.51 ± 0.09 | 3.51 ± 0.15 | 3.23 ± 0.12 | 3.47 ± 0.29 | 2 – 5 | <0.05 |
Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: OECD (2004) data
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xNS: Not Significant
Comparison and analysis of differences of the vitamins and anti-nutrients measured in brown rice.
| Component | Resistance cultivars | Commercial cultivars | OECD |
p value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nakdongbyeo | Btt12R | Yeongan | Hwaseong | |||
|
|
||||||
| Vitamin B1 (μg/g) | 3.73 ± 0.11 | 3.60 ± 0.09 | 3.50 ± 0.21 | 3.74 ± 0.34 | 2.9 – 6.1 | NS |
| Vitamin B2 (μg/g) | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 0.62 ± 0.01 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.4 – 1.4 | <0.05 |
| Vitamin B3 (μg/g) | 4.57 ± 0.08 | 4.61 ± 0.49 | 4.28 ± 0.21 | 4.33 ± 0.27 | 35 – 53 | NS |
| Vitamin B7 (μg/g) | 1.08 ± 0.12 | 5.70 ± 0.44 | 12.77 ± 2.47 | 3.38 ± 0.22 | 0.04 – 0.10 | <0.05 |
| Vitamin E (μg/g) | 12.20 ± 1.13 | 11.23 ± 0.92 | 13.39 ± 2.16 | 10.76 ± 1.44 | 9 – 25 | NS |
| Trypsin inhibition (TIU/mg) | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | Not available | |
| Phytic acid (%) | 1.01 ± 0.05 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | Not available | <0.05 |
Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
zSource: OECD (2004) data
yAnalysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
xNS: Not Significant
The values of proximate were calculated as percentage of dry matter. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
Source: OECD (2004) data
Analysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
SDF: soluble dietary fiber
IDF: insoluble dietary fiber
Carbohydrates levels were estimated by the following formula: %carbohydrates=100 (%protein+%lipid+%ash)
NS: Not Significant
The values of amino acids were calculated as a percentage to total protein. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
Source: OECD (2004) data
Analysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
NS: Not Significant
The values of fatty acids are indicated as a percentage of total fatty acids. Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
Source:
Analysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
NS: Not Significant
Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
Source:
Analysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
NS: Not Significant
Each value is the mean ± standard deviation (n=3)
Source:
Analysis using a t-test for comparison between Nakdongbyeo and Btt12R. A significant difference is indicated if the p value is <0.05
NS: Not Significant