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양파 F종자생산용 중만생계 웅성불임계통 ‘원예 30006’

Mid-late Male Sterile Line ‘Wonye 30006’ for F1 Seed Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Cheol-Woo Kim1,*, Eul-Tai Lee1, In-Hu Choi1, Young-Seok Jang1, Sang-kyeong Bae1, Sae-Jung Suh2
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2014;46(4):428-432.
Published online: November 30, 2014

1 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터

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*Corresponding Author : cwkim@korea.kr, Tel: +82-61- 450-0193, Fax: +82-61-453-0085)
• Received: July 12, 2014   • Revised: July 14, 2014   • Accepted: October 26, 2014

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  • The production of hybrid onion (A. cepa L.) seed is economically feasible using systems of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Therefore, male sterile (A-line) and maintainer (B-line) is essential to development of F1 hybrids. Male sterile line Wonye30006’ was developed by Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in South Korea in 2010. The first cross for introduction of CMS was conducted in 2000. Male-sterile parents which were selected from ‘F2-6’ breeding lines were pollinated with male fertile line ‘HMB’ (inbred line). The fertility test was conducted in 2002 and maintainer line ‘Mo2005’ was selected. The proportion of male-sterility plants of F1 population was 100% for subsequent four backcross generations. ‘Wonye30006’ was named ‘MMS66’ in 2009 and the corresponding male parent was called ‘MMSB66’. As an mid-late maturing type, lodging date is around May 25th. ‘Wonye30006’ has round bulb and the average bulb weight is 184 g. Plant height and stem diameter are 56 cm and 12.4 mm, respectively. Number and the length of flower stalks per mother bulb are 122 cm and 6, respectively. Flowering date is June 4th and flower bud size is 81.2 mm. Wonye30006 will be used for development of F1 hybrids in breeding program. (no. 4674)
양파(Allium cepa L.)는 중요한 양념채소로 백합과 파속 (Allium spp.)에 속한다. 양파는 세계적으로 재배되는 중요한 작물로 기원전부터 식품으로 이용되어 왔고 최근에 양파의 기능성 성분이 밝혀지면서 양념채소의 역할 뿐만 아니라 양 파음료, 즙 등 다양한 가공식품이 개발되어 소비가 증가하고 있다.
국내의 양파 재배면적은 연차간 차이는 있지만 약 2.0~ 2.2만 ha이고 연간 생산량은 120~150만 톤에 이르고 있다. 또한 양파는 마늘과 더불어 몇 안 되는 노지 월동작물이며 농 가의 소득작물로 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있지만 재배면적의 약 70%가 수입품종에 의해 점유되고 있어 국내 품종의 경쟁 력을 향상이 시급하다. 그러나 양파 2년 1세대 타식성 작물로 타 작물에 비해 육종기간이 길고 국내육종회사의 영세성과 육종기반의 미흡, 짧은 육종역사 등을 고려할 때 단기간에 우 수한 품종의 개발이 어려운 실정이다. 양파는 육종방법에 따 라 고정종 품종(open pollination variety)와 F1 품종으로 구 분하며 일부 조생종 품종을 제외하고 대부분 F1품종이다. 양 파의 F1종자 생산은 웅성불임(CMS, cytoplasm-genic male sterileity)을 이용하고 있으며F1 종자생산에 이용되는 CMS 는 2종류가 있으며(Berninger 1965, Jones & Clarke 1943), CMS-S는 ‘Italian Red’에서(Jones & Emsweller 1936) CMS-T 는 ‘Jaune paille des Vertus’에서 발견되어 (Berninger 1965) 상업적인 종자생산에 널리 이용되고 있다. 양파의 웅성불임계 통(A line)은 F1 종자생산에 필수적인 교배모본이지만 유지계 통이 집단이나 분리 계통내에 존재한다고 가정하에 웅성불임 유지계통(B line)을 선발하는데 만 4 4~8년이 소요되어 다양 한 F1 품종개발의 장애요인이 되고 있다. 그러나 최근 분자마 커들이 개발되면서 웅성불임에 관여하는 세포질 판별이 가능 해 육종기간과 선발효율이 크게 향상되었다(Havey 1995, Sato 1998, Engelke et al. 2003, Kim 2009). 국립식량과학 원 바이오에너지작물센터에서 개발한 웅성불임계통 ‘원예 30006’은 웅성불임 및 유지계통 선발에 분자마커를 이용하여 육종기간을 단축하였다. ‘원예30006’의 숙기는 중만생계통에 속하며 저장성과 구 특성이 우수하여 F1품종 육종기간 단축 및 중만생종 F1 품종의 경쟁력을 높일 것으로 기대한다.
‘원예30006’의 교배, 채종, 특성평가는 2000~2010년까지 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터의 시험포장과 비가림 채종하우스에서 수행하였다. 2000년에 중생계통 ‘F2-6’집단 에서 웅성불임개체를 선발하고 자식계통인 ‘HMB’에서 화분 친을 선발하여 최초 교배하고 채종하였다. 유지계통 선발은 분자마커 orfA501(Engelke et al. 2003)로 세포질이 CMS-N 인 개체들을 선발하여 교배하였다. F1조합들은 9월 중순에 파 종하여 2001년 구비대기가 시작되는 4월부터 5월에 걸쳐 채 종용 모구를 선발하였다. 모구들은 상온에서 저장한 후 11월 상순에 비가림 채종하우스에 정식하여 2002년 개화기에 F1 조합의 임성을 확인한 후 BC1F1과 BC2F1는 단교배하여 선발 하고 BC3F1~BC5F1은 집단 채종하여 형질을 유지시켰다. ‘원예30006’과 유지계통의 포장선발은 양파 표준재배법에 준 하여 재배하였고 채종모구는 흑색으로 비닐피복하고 재식밀 도는 30×40 cm하였다. 교배는 모본(A line)과 부분(B line) 의 개화 전에 교배망을 설치하여 화분오염을 방지하고 개화 기에 화분매개충인 연두금파리를 방사하여 교배하였다. 시험 재료의 수량 및 생육특성검정을 위해 매년 9월 20에 파종하 고 11월 10일에 13공 백색 유공필름으로 피복 한 후 정식하 였다. 시비량 및 시비법은 양파 표준재배법에 준하였다. 엽수, 초장 등 생육특성은 생육이 정지되는 도복기에 하였으며 구 중과 구형지수[(구고×구경)×100]는 수확 건조한 구를 측정하 였다. 내한성은 월동 후 묘의 생육상태를 달관 조사하였고 노 균병은 3월부터 5월까지 이병주의 발생빈도를 관찰하였다. 채종모구와 채종관련 특성조사는 국립종자원의 양파 특성조 사요령(KSVS 2011)과 시험계획서의 조사기준에 준하여 실 시하였다.
육성경위
양파 웅성불임계통은 F1품종개발에 필수적인 중간모본이 다. ‘원예30006’은 웅성불임계통으로 2000년에 중생계통인 ‘F2-6’집단에서 웅성불임개체를 선발하여 자식계통인 ‘HMB’ 에서 화분친을 선발하여 교배하였다. 2002년에 F1조합에서 임성을 확인한 후 ‘Mo2005-5’를 선발하여 2004~2010까지 BC5F1까지 여교잡하였다. BC3F1부터 집단채종하여 특성을 유지하였다. 2009년에 BC4F1인Mo2005-1-1-1B-2B를 ‘MMS66’ 으로 명명하여 모구특성과 채종특성을 평가하였다(Fig. 1). 2010년에 직무육성신품종선정심의회에서 양파 F1종자생산용 중간모본으로 선정되었고 ‘원예30006’으로 명명하여 2011년 품종보호출원(2011-366)하고 2013년 품종보호등록(제4674) 되었다.
Fig. 1.
Pedigree diagram of ‘Wonye30006’.
KJBS-46-428_F1.gif
생육 및 수량특성
‘원예30006’의 초형은 직립형이고 엽은 녹색으로 양친의 주요 생육특성은 비슷하며 ‘원예30006’의 임성은 불임이고 약색은 갈색인 반면 유지계통인 ‘MMSB66’은 가임이며 약색 은 황색이다. 구의 모양은 원형, 구색은 갈색으로 도복기는 5 월 25일로 중만생계통에 속한다(Table 1, Fig. 2). ‘원예 30006’의 가변특성인 초장과 주당 엽수는 각각 56 cm, 8매 이고 엽초경 및 엽초장은 각각 12.4 mm, 12.6 cm로 유지계 통인 ‘MMSB66’과 비슷한 특성을 보였다(Table 1). 양친의 구형지수는 99와 104으로 널은 타원형의 구형으로 소비자의 선호도가 높은 고구형 F1 품종을 육성하는데 유리한 특성을 가지고 있다. ‘원예30006’와 ‘MMSB66’의 구중은 각각 184 g, 182 g으로 중구형의 특성을 가지고 있으며 수량은 4,931 kg/10a 이다(Table 2, Fig. 2).
Fig. 2.
Mother bulb plants and flowers of ‘Wonye30006’ and maintainer line (MMSB66).
KJBS-46-428_F2.gif
Table 1.
Plant characteristics of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)
Table 1.
Cultivar Plant type Leaf colour Bulb shape Bulb skin colour Lodging Date Fertility Pollen color Plant height (cm) LNz PSDy (mm) PSLx (cm)
Wonye3000 (MMS66) ♀ Erect Green Circular Brown May 25 Brown Male sterile 56 8 12.4 12.6
MMSB66 ♂ Erect Green Circular Brown May 26 yellow Male fertile 54 7 11.3 12.6

zLN : leaf number per plant

yPSD : psedostem diameter

xPSL : psedostem length

Table 2.
Characteristics of mother bulb of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)
Table 2.
Cultivar Bulb height (mm) Bulb diameter (mm) Bulb indexz Bulb weight (g) Yield (kg/10a)
Wonye30006 (MMS66) ♀ 70.7 70.8 99 184 4,931
MMSB66 ♂ 72.4 69.7 104 182 4,513

zBulb index = [Bulb height/Bulb diameter] 100

노균병 저항성, 내한성, 저장성
양파의 노균병은 연작지에 주로 발생하는 저온성 병으로 저온 다습한 환경조건에서 발병이 심하다. ‘원예30006’은 노 균병에 대해 저항성은 시험포장에서 육안으로 관찰하였으며 노균병에 다소 저항성이 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 원예30006 은 내한성이 강하고 저장성이 좋아 중만생 또는 만생종 F1 품 종육성에 좋은 교배모본의 특성을 가지고 있다(Table 3).
Table 3.
Resistance of downy mildew, cold tolerance and storage ability of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)
Table 3.
Cultivar Downy mildew Cold tolerance Storage ability
Wonye30006 (MMS66) ♀ MRz R R
MMSB66 ♂ MR R R

zBulb index = [Bulb height/Bulb diameter]×100

채종특성
‘원예30006’과 ‘MMSB26’의 개화기는 각각 6월 4일과 6 월 1일로 ‘원예30006’의 개화기가 약 3일 정도 늦고 모구 당 화경수는 양친이 6개였으며 화경장은 122 cm로 ‘MMSB66’ 에 비해 화경이 길었다. 개화성기의 화구의 크기는 81.2 mm 로 ‘MMSB66’의 75.5 mm에 비해 더 크다(Table 4).
Table 4.
Flowering characteristics of mother bulb for seed harvesting of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)
Table 4.
Cultivar Flowering date Flower stalk Umbel diameter (mm) Fertility
Length (cm) Number /mother bulb
Wonye 30006 (MMS66) ♀ June 4 122 6 81.2 Male sterile
MMSB66 ♂ June 1 118 6 75.5 Male fertile
재배상 유의점
채종용 모구는 수확 후 장기간 저장을 거쳐 채종하우스에 정식하게 되므로 과비로 인한 대구생산은 저장성을 떨어트리 는 요인이 되므로 표준시비량에 준하여 재배한다. 채종용 모 구는 저장 전에 충분히 건조시켜 통풍이 잘되는 실내에 저장 해야 한다. 채종모구는 비가림 비닐하우스에 정식하고 밀식할 경우 화경이 도장하여 화경의 관리가 어려우므로 충분한 정 식밀도를 유지하여야 한다. 화경 출현 전에 도복 방지망을 설 치하여 화경의 도복을 방지하고 개화전에 교배망실을 설치하 여 화분오염을 방지한다. 개화기에는 화분 매개충을 충분히 방사하여 수분을 조장하고 통풍이 잘되도록 하여 고온에 의 한 피해를 방지한다.
양파 웅성불임 계통 ‘원예30006’은 2000년에 중생계통인 ‘F2-6’집단에서 웅성불임개체를 선발하여 자식계통인 ‘HMB’ 를 화분친으로 하여 교배하였다. 2002년에 유지계통을 선발 하고 2010년까지 5회 여교잡을 하여 계통의 안정성을 확인한 후 ‘MMS66’으로 명명하고 2010년에 직무육성신품종 심사 를 거쳐 2011년에 품종보호출원 하였다. ‘원예30006’의 초형 은 직립이며 중생종으로 도복기는 5월 25일, 초장 56 cm, 엽 수 8매, 엽초경 12.4 mm로 초세가 중간정도이며 엽초경이 가늘다. 구중은 184 g의 중구형에 속하며, 구형지수 99로 원 형이다. 저장성과 내한성이 강하고 노균병에 다소 저항성이 있다. 채종모구의 개화기는 6월 4일, 화경수 4개, 화경장 115 cm, 화구폭 86 mm이며 웅성불임 발현이 안정적이다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ008707022014) 의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
  • Berninger E. Contribution a l'etude de la sterilitie male de l'oignon (Allium cepa L.). Ann. Amelior Plant 1965. 15: 183-199.
  • Engelke T, Terefe D, Tatlioglu T. A PCR-based marker system monitoring CMS-(S), CMS-(T) and (N)- cytoplasm in the onion (Allium cepa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 2003. 107: 162-167.
  • Havey MJ. Identification of cytoplasm using the polymerase chain reaction to aid in the extraction of maintainer lines from open-pollinated populations of onion. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 1995. 90: 263-268.
  • Jones HA, Clarke AE. Inheritance of male sterility in the onion and the production of hybrid seed. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci 1943. 43: 189-194.
  • Jones H, Emsweller SL. Male sterile onion. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci 1936. 34: 582-585.
  • KSVSTest guideline for onion 2011. Korea Seed and Variety Service. 3-15.
  • Kim S, Lee E, Cho DY, Han T, Bang H, Patil BS, Ahn YK, Yoon MK. Identification of a novel chimeric gene, orf725, and its use in development of a molecular marker for distinguishing among three cytoplasm types in onion (Allium cepa L.). Theor. Appl. Genet 2009. 118: 433-441.
  • Sato Y. PCR amplification of CMS-specific mitochondrial nucleotide sequences to identify cytoplasmic genotypes of onion (Allium cepa L.). Theor. Appl. Genet 1998. 96: 367-370.

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Mid-late Male Sterile Line ‘Wonye 30006’ for F1 Seed Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2014;46(4):428-432.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.4.428
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Include:
Mid-late Male Sterile Line ‘Wonye 30006’ for F1 Seed Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2014;46(4):428-432.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.4.428
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Mid-late Male Sterile Line ‘Wonye 30006’ for F1 Seed Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Image Image
Fig. 1. Pedigree diagram of ‘Wonye30006’.
Fig. 2. Mother bulb plants and flowers of ‘Wonye30006’ and maintainer line (MMSB66).

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Mid-late Male Sterile Line ‘Wonye 30006’ for F1 Seed Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Plant characteristics of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)

Cultivar Plant type Leaf colour Bulb shape Bulb skin colour Lodging Date Fertility Pollen color Plant height (cm) LNz PSDy (mm) PSLx (cm)
Wonye3000 (MMS66) ♀ Erect Green Circular Brown May 25 Brown Male sterile 56 8 12.4 12.6
MMSB66 ♂ Erect Green Circular Brown May 26 yellow Male fertile 54 7 11.3 12.6

zLN : leaf number per plant

yPSD : psedostem diameter

xPSL : psedostem length

Characteristics of mother bulb of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)

Cultivar Bulb height (mm) Bulb diameter (mm) Bulb indexz Bulb weight (g) Yield (kg/10a)
Wonye30006 (MMS66) ♀ 70.7 70.8 99 184 4,931
MMSB66 ♂ 72.4 69.7 104 182 4,513

zBulb index = [Bulb height/Bulb diameter] 100

Resistance of downy mildew, cold tolerance and storage ability of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)

Cultivar Downy mildew Cold tolerance Storage ability
Wonye30006 (MMS66) ♀ MRz R R
MMSB66 ♂ MR R R

zBulb index = [Bulb height/Bulb diameter]×100

Flowering characteristics of mother bulb for seed harvesting of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)

Cultivar Flowering date Flower stalk Umbel diameter (mm) Fertility
Length (cm) Number /mother bulb
Wonye 30006 (MMS66) ♀ June 4 122 6 81.2 Male sterile
MMSB66 ♂ June 1 118 6 75.5 Male fertile
Table 1. Plant characteristics of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)

LN : leaf number per plant

PSD : psedostem diameter

PSL : psedostem length

Table 2. Characteristics of mother bulb of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)

Bulb index = [Bulb height/Bulb diameter] 100

Table 3. Resistance of downy mildew, cold tolerance and storage ability of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)

Bulb index = [Bulb height/Bulb diameter]×100

Table 4. Flowering characteristics of mother bulb for seed harvesting of ‘Wonye30006’. (’09~’10, Muan)

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

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