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β-카로틴 강화벼의 분자생물학적 특성과 안전성 평가

Molecular Biological Characteristics and Biosafety Assessment for β-carotene Biofortified Transgenic Rice

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2015;47(1):29-38.
Published online: February 28, 2015

1농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원,

1National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 560-500, Korea

2경북대학교 응용생명과학부

2School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea

*Corresponding author (E-mail: thryu@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-4711, Fax: +82-63-238-4704)
• Received: January 30, 2015   • Revised: February 24, 2015   • Accepted: March 3, 2015

© The Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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    Jung-Eun Lim, Min-Ji Cho, Hye-Jin Yun, Sang-Keun Ha, Deog-Bae Lee, Jwa-Kyung Sung
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Molecular Biological Characteristics and Biosafety Assessment for β-carotene Biofortified Transgenic Rice
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2015;47(1):29-38.   Published online March 31, 2015
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Molecular Biological Characteristics and Biosafety Assessment for β-carotene Biofortified Transgenic Rice
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2015;47(1):29-38.   Published online March 31, 2015
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Molecular Biological Characteristics and Biosafety Assessment for β-carotene Biofortified Transgenic Rice
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1. T-DNA junction sequences analysis. (A) Schematic representation of the pSB11-β-PAC vector used for rice transformation. pSB11-β-PAC vector contained a recombinant gene, Psy-2A-Tp-Crt I (β-PAC). The remaining construct components had the same configuration, consisting of the rice endosperm-specific globulin promoter (Glb), the 3'region of the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene (PinII) and the Bar expression cassette containing a 35S promoter/Bar coding region/3'region from the nopaline synthase gene (NOS). β-PAC entire expression cassette was flanked by a 5'-matrix attachment region (Mar) from the chicken lysozyme gene. (B) Secondary PCR products and junction sequences of T-DNA (C: Right border; D: Left border) for the β -carotene biofortified transgenic rice line flanking region. The genomic DNA was digested with Hea III, ligated to genome walking adapter to create different libraries, and used as template for PCR. The DNA molecular size markers are indicated on the left. RB: right border, LB: left border. Capital letters represents the flanking genomic sequences and lower case letters show the inner part of each border of T-DNA.
Fig. 2. Genomic Southern blot analyses of β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice. Genomic DNAs from leaf tissues were digested with Xho I, EcoR I and BamH I and hybridized with probe (A) Glb, (B) Crt I, (C) Psy, (D) PinII, (E) 35S, (F) Bar, (G) NOS, and (H) MAR. The DNA molecular size markers are indicated on the left. PC, PC means pSB11 vector carrying β-PAC recombinant genes as positive controls, respectively; Nakdong, non-transgenic wild type rice as negative controls.
Fig. 3. Backbone DNA PCR and Southern blot analyses of β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice. (A) Schematic representation of the pSB11 vector used for PCR and Southern blot analyses. (B) Verification of Backbone DNA (pSB11) insert using PCR amplification of genomic DNA samples extracted from transgenic leaf tissues. (C) Genomic DNAs from leaf tissues were digested with Bam HI and hybridized with probe aadA (SPM). The DNA molecular size markers are indicated on the left. PC, PC means pSB11 vector carrying β-PAC recombinant genes as positive controls, respectively; Nakdong, non-transgenic wild type rice as negative controls.
Fig. 4. Expression analysis of PAT at the β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice and non-GM rice using western blot. Crude protein extracts were isolated from leaf tissue, separated on 10% SDS-PAGE, and then visualized through the immunoblotting process. M: Protein ladder, N: non-GM rice (Nakdong), β-PAC: β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice.
Molecular Biological Characteristics and Biosafety Assessment for β-carotene Biofortified Transgenic Rice

Primers list used for Southern blot analysis.

Probe Primer Primer sequence Product Size (bp)

Psy Forward 5'-ATTACTCCGGCGGCCTTAGA-3' 419
Reverse 5'-TCGGATAGACCTGCCTGTGC-3'
Crt I Forward 5'-CTTCGCGCCGCACCTCAACTG-3' 543
Reverse 5'-GTAACGCGGGCCGAAACAAACC-3'
bar Forward 5'-CTGCACCATCGTCAACCACT-3' 505
Reverse 5'-GGAAATTCGGGGTCATCAGA-3'
Glb Forward 5'-GGGACCCGTTGTATCTGGTT-3' 600
Reverse 5'-TCGGATGGGGTTTTATAGGG-3'
Pin II Forward 5'-TGGGCATCAAAGTTGTGTGT-3' 593
Reverse 5'-TTGACAATCCATTCGTTTCT-3'
NOS Forward 5'-ATTGAATCCTGTTGCCGGTC-3' 237
Reverse 5'-AGCTTGATATCGAATTCCCG-3'
35S Forward 5'-ACGCAGCAGGTCTCATCAAG-3' 554
Reverse 5'-ATCGCAATGATGGCATTTGT-3'
MAR Forward 5'-TGCCGATGAAAGGATATAACA-3' 450
Reverse 5'-GCATCAAGCTGGCCTAAACTTA-3'

Primers list used for Backbone DNA detection PCR analysis.

Probe Primer Primer sequence Product Size (bp)

pSB11 131-1300 131-1300 Forward 5'-ATTACTCCGGCGGCCTTAGA-3' 1,170
131-1300 Reverse 5'-TCGGATAGACCTGCCTGTGC-3'
pSB11(SPM) 1304-2092 1304-2092 Forward 5'-CTTCGCGCCGCACCTCAACTG-3' 789
1304-2092 Reverse 5'-GTAACGCGGGCCGAAACAAACC-3'
pSB11 2101-3400 2101-3400 Forward 5'-CTGCACCATCGTCAACCACT-3' 1,300
2101-3400 Reverse 5'-GGAAATTCGGGGTCATCAGA-3'
pSB11 3501-5100 3501-5100 Forward 5'-GGGACCCGTTGTATCTGGTT-3' 1,600
3501-5100 Reverse 5'-TCGGATGGGGTTTTATAGGG-3'
pSB11 5101-6100 5101-6100 Forward 5'-TGGGCATCAAAGTTGTGTGT-3' 1,000
5101-6100 Reverse 5'-TTGACAATCCATTCGTTTCT-3'
RAc1 RAc1 Forward 5'-ATCACTGCCTTGCTCCTAGC-3' 350
RAc1 Reverse 5'-GTACTCAGCCTTGGCAATCC-3'

Junction sequence analysis of T-DNA in β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice.

Pedigree Chromosome Junction sequence Junction gene & sequence

β-carotene biofortified rice 2 30,363,695-30,363,93830,363,973-30,364,275 Os02g072910030,361,505~30,362,937Os02g072930030,371,203~30,374,971

PAT protein levels in Nagdongbyeo and β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice (β-PAC).

Sample PAT Concentration (mg/g)
Seedling stage Tillering stage Heading stage Ripening stage

Nagdongbyeo 0 (N.D.) 0 (N.D.)z 0 (N.D.) 0 (N.D.)
β-PAC T5 0.50 ± 0.01y 0.19 ± 0.00 0.09 ± 0.00 0.06 ± 0.00
β-PAC T6 0.41 ± 0.02 0.22 ± 0.00 0.11 ± 0.00 0.06 ± 0.00
β-PAC T7 0.51 ± 0.01 0.21 ± 0.00 0.10 ± 0.00 0.06 ± 0.00

N.D. : Not detected

Values are the average ± SD of triplicate measures

Seed carotenoid content and composition of β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice.

Carotenoid (µg/g) Plants
Nagdongbyeo β-PAC T5 β-PAC T6 β-PAC T7

lutein 0.23 ± 0.08 0.32 ± 0.05 0.51 ± 0.18 0.72 ± 0.06
zeaxanthin N.D. 0.19 ± 0.02 0.23 ± 0.03 0.30 ± 0.01
α-carotene N.D. 0.37 ± 0.06 0.42 ± 0.11 0.37 ± 0.05
β-carotene 0.16 ± 0.03 1.43 ± 0.12 1.65 ± 0.64 1.43 ± 0.16

Data are expressed as mean (ug/g dry weight) ± SD from three independent experiments using individual T5~T7 mature seeds. N.D. : Not detected

Table 1. Primers list used for Southern blot analysis.
Table 2. Primers list used for Backbone DNA detection PCR analysis.
Table 3. Junction sequence analysis of T-DNA in β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice.
Table 4. PAT protein levels in Nagdongbyeo and β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice (β-PAC).

N.D. : Not detected

Values are the average ± SD of triplicate measures

Table 5. Seed carotenoid content and composition of β-carotene biofortified transgenic rice.

Data are expressed as mean (ug/g dry weight) ± SD from three independent experiments using individual T5~T7 mature seeds. N.D. : Not detected