Horticulture Research Division, Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Hwasung 445-784, Korea
© Korean Society of Breeding Science All rights reserved
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| Cultivar | Flower colorz | Blooming shape | View from above | Side view of lower part | Reflexing of margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | Violet (85A) | Standard | Star-shaped | Convex | Absent or very weak |
| Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | Violet (85C) | Spray | Round | Flattened convex | Weak |
| Honey Blue | Violet (84C) | Standard | Star-shaped | Convex | Absent or very weak |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | Red Purple (69C) | Standard | Round | Flattened convex | Weak |
|
|
|||||
| Cultivar | Extensions of sepal | No. of petals | Flower diameter (cm) | Flower height (cm) | Days to flower |
|
|
|||||
| Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | Medium | 48.1 ± 1.3y | 9.8 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 48.0 ± 1.2 |
| Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | Weak | 18.4 ± 1.5 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 38.0 ± 1.0 |
| Honey Blue | Weak | 50.2 ± 2.5 | 9.7 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 49.0 ± 1.3 |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | Absent or very weak | 38.5 ± 3.5 | 9.5 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 42.0 ± 0.9 |
| Cultivar | Leaf colorz | Leaf glossinessy | No. of prickles/stem of 10cm |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | Green (139A) | 5.2 ± 0.1x | 2.0 ± 0.5 |
| Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | Green (139A) | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| Honey Blue | Green (139A) | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | Green (137A) | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 |
| Cultivar | Vase life (days) | Fragrancez | Powdery mildew infection degreey |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | 12.0 ± 0.5x | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.5 |
| Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 0.6 | 7.0 ± 0.9 |
| Honey Blue | 9.1 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 1.0 |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | 10.9 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 1.0 |
| Compound | RT (min) | Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | Honey Blue | Venus Berry (Reference) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||||
| RAz (×107) | PVy (%) | RAz (×107) | PV (%) | RAz (×107) | PVy (%) | RAz (×107) | PVy (%) | ||
|
|
|||||||||
| Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl- | 11.11 | ndx | 4.8 ± 0.15w | 4.85 ± 0.04 | nd | nd | |||
| 3-Hexanol-1-ol,acetate,(Z)- | 15.53 | nd | nd | nd | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 1.27 ± 1.01 | |||
| 1-Hexanol(CAS) | 16.77 | 2.99 ± 0.40 | 2.2 3 ±0.22 | 1.76 ± 0.09 | 1.75 ± 0.05 | nd | 0.41 ± 0.01 | 2.20 ± 0.09 | |
| 3-Hexanol-1-ol | 17.81 | nd | nd | nd | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 3.34 ± 0.07 | |||
| 2-Hexanol-1-ol,(E)- | 18.58 | nd | nd | nd | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 2.20 ± 0.09 | |||
| Megastigma-7(E),9,13-triene | 19.67 | nd | nd | nd | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 1.76 ± 0.02 | |||
| Copaene | 20.33 | nd | 3.22 ± 0.54 | 3.2 ± 0.70 | nd | 7.06 ± 0.21 | 5.25 ± 0.71 | ||
| Azulene,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro- 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, 1S-(14α,7α)]- | 20.80 | nd | nd | 1.31 ± 0.21 | 1.60 ± 0.03 | nd | |||
| 2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro [4.5]dec-6-ene | 21.15 | nd | nd | 2.91 ± 0.07 | 3.58 ± 0.80 | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 6.80 ± 1.09 | ||
| 2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro [4.5]dec-6-ene | 21.19 | nd | nd | 3.21 ± 0.31 | 3.97 ± 0.55 | nd | |||
| trans-Caryophyllene | 23.98 | 1.85 ± 0.09 | 1.38 ± 0.33 | nd | 1.60 ± 0.23 | 1.95 ± 0.02 | nd | ||
| Megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene | 24.94 | 1.40 ± 0.17 | 1.04 ± 0.50 | nd | nd | 0.73 ± 0.02 | 11.58 ± 1.20 | ||
| Naphthalene,1,2,3a,5,8,8,a-hexahy dro-4,7-dimethyl-1 Naphthalene,1,2,3a,5,8,8,a-hexahy dro-4,7-dimethyl-1 | 26.79 | nd | nd | 2.74 ± 0.18 | 3.36 ± 0.53 | nd | |||
| Germacrene-D | 27.35 | 29.7 ± 1.00 | 19.97 ± 2.01 | 21.87 ± 2.01 | 21.75 ± 1.45 | 17.30 ± 0.87 | 20.93 ± 2.00 | nd | |
| Naphthalene,1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,aoctahy dro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1met hylethyl),(1α,4aα,8aα)c | 27.61 | 3.97 ± 0.57 | 2.26 ± 0.90 | 2.06 ± 0.80 | 2.05 ± 0.09 | 6.83 ± 0.69 | 8.34 ± 0.81 | nd | |
| ё-Cadinene | 28.19 | nd | 19.20 ± 1.04 | 19.53 ± 1.23 | nd | nd | |||
| δ-Cadinene | 28.69 | nd | nd | 5.61 ± 0.34 | 6.87 ± 0.99 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 1.22 ± 0.05 | ||
| Citronellol | 28.72 | nd | 3.82 ± 0.55 | 3.80 ± 0.90 | 14.90 ± 1.00 | 11.28 ± 1.04 | nd | ||
| Nerol | 30.22 | 3.63 ± 0.97 | 2.26 ± 0.81 | 2.06 ± 0.12 | 2.05 ± 0.09 | 6.83 ± 0.69 | 8.34 ± 0.81 | nd | |
| Geraniol | 30.92 | nd | 19.34 ± 2.04 | 19.53 ± 1.97 | 2.32 ± 0.75 | 1.73 ± 2.78 | nd | ||
| 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene | 31.48 | 9.41 ± 1.20 | 6.99 ± 2.01 | nd | 16.08 ± 1.06 | 19.57 ± 1.37 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 1.56 ± 0.51 | |
| 1,3,5,7-tetramethyladamantane | 33.51 | nd | nd | nd | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 3.70 ± 0.08 | |||
| 2-Butanone,4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1- cyclohexen-1-yl)- | 33.86 | nd | 3.34 ± 0.10 | 3.32 ± 0.99 | nd | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 2.88 ± 0.31 | ||
| dihydro-β-ionol | 34.14 | nd | 5.09 ± 0.97 | 5.06 ± 0.85 | 2.10 ± 0.11 | 2.43 ± 0.71 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 1.76 ± 0.02 | |
| Total | 52.95 ± 0.98 | 86.56 ± 0.87 | 83.74 ± 0.75 | 83.74 ± 0.75 | |||||
Flower characteristics of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
| Cultivar | Flower color |
Blooming shape | View from above | Side view of lower part | Reflexing of margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | Violet (85A) | Standard | Star-shaped | Convex | Absent or very weak |
| Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | Violet (85C) | Spray | Round | Flattened convex | Weak |
| Honey Blue | Violet (84C) | Standard | Star-shaped | Convex | Absent or very weak |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | Red Purple (69C) | Standard | Round | Flattened convex | Weak |
| Cultivar | Extensions of sepal | No. of petals | Flower diameter (cm) | Flower height (cm) | Days to flower |
| Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | Medium | 48.1 ± 1.3 |
9.8 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 48.0 ± 1.2 |
| Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | Weak | 18.4 ± 1.5 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 38.0 ± 1.0 |
| Honey Blue | Weak | 50.2 ± 2.5 | 9.7 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 49.0 ± 1.3 |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | Absent or very weak | 38.5 ± 3.5 | 9.5 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 42.0 ± 0.9 |
zRHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart
yMean ± SD (n = 30)
Leaf and stem characteristics of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
| Cultivar | Leaf color |
Leaf glossiness |
No. of prickles/stem of 10cm |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | Green (139A) | 5.2 ± 0.1 |
2.0 ± 0.5 |
| Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | Green (139A) | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| Honey Blue | Green (139A) | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | Green (137A) | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 |
zRHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart
yUPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)
xMean ± SD (n = 30)
Vase life, fragrance and powdery mildew infection degree of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
| Cultivar | Vase life (days) | Fragrance |
Powdery mildew infection degree |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | 12.0 ± 0.5 |
4.8 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.5 |
| Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 0.6 | 7.0 ± 0.9 |
| Honey Blue | 9.1 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 1.0 |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | 10.9 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 1.0 |
zUPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)
yInfection degree 1-9: 0, no lesion; 1, lesion area below 1%; 3, 1~5%; 5, 6~25%; 7, 25~50%; 9, above 50%
xMean ± SD (n = 30)
Yield and quantitative characteristics of reference cultivar and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’(’10~’12).
| Cultivar | Year | Yield (stems/m2/year) | Stem length (cm) | Stem diameter (mm) | No. of leaves | Fresh weight of cut flower (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Honey Blue | ’10 | 130.0 | 73.5 | 6.9 | 9.9 | 39.5 |
| ’11 | 131.0 | 75.9 | 6.9 | 10.4 | 40.1 | |
| ’12 | 140.0 | 78.1 | 7.0 | 10.6 | 37.3 | |
| Average | 134.0 | 75.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 38.9 | |
| Venus Berry (Reference) | ’10 | 168.4 | 168.4 | 6.5 | 10.4 | 34.5 |
| ’11 | 150.8 | 65.7 | 6.8 | 11.8 | 40.8 | |
| ’12 | 164.9 | 64.8 | 6.5 | 11.8 | 40.5 | |
| Average | 161.3 | 64.3 | 6.6 | 11.3 | 38.6 | |
The relative abundance and percentage of volatile compounds in R hybrida petals. Values were calculated as peak area more than 1%.
| Compound | RT (min) | Pacific Blue (Mother plant) | Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) | Honey Blue | Venus Berry (Reference) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||||
| RA |
PV |
RAz (×107) | PV (%) | RAz (×107) | PVy (%) | RAz (×107) | PVy (%) | ||
|
|
|||||||||
| Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl- | 11.11 | nd |
4.8 ± 0.15 |
4.85 ± 0.04 | nd | nd | |||
| 3-Hexanol-1-ol,acetate,(Z)- | 15.53 | nd | nd | nd | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 1.27 ± 1.01 | |||
| 1-Hexanol(CAS) | 16.77 | 2.99 ± 0.40 | 2.2 3 ±0.22 | 1.76 ± 0.09 | 1.75 ± 0.05 | nd | 0.41 ± 0.01 | 2.20 ± 0.09 | |
| 3-Hexanol-1-ol | 17.81 | nd | nd | nd | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 3.34 ± 0.07 | |||
| 2-Hexanol-1-ol,(E)- | 18.58 | nd | nd | nd | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 2.20 ± 0.09 | |||
| Megastigma-7(E),9,13-triene | 19.67 | nd | nd | nd | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 1.76 ± 0.02 | |||
| Copaene | 20.33 | nd | 3.22 ± 0.54 | 3.2 ± 0.70 | nd | 7.06 ± 0.21 | 5.25 ± 0.71 | ||
| Azulene,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro- 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, 1S-(14α,7α)]- | 20.80 | nd | nd | 1.31 ± 0.21 | 1.60 ± 0.03 | nd | |||
| 2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro [4.5]dec-6-ene | 21.15 | nd | nd | 2.91 ± 0.07 | 3.58 ± 0.80 | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 6.80 ± 1.09 | ||
| 2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro [4.5]dec-6-ene | 21.19 | nd | nd | 3.21 ± 0.31 | 3.97 ± 0.55 | nd | |||
| trans-Caryophyllene | 23.98 | 1.85 ± 0.09 | 1.38 ± 0.33 | nd | 1.60 ± 0.23 | 1.95 ± 0.02 | nd | ||
| Megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene | 24.94 | 1.40 ± 0.17 | 1.04 ± 0.50 | nd | nd | 0.73 ± 0.02 | 11.58 ± 1.20 | ||
| Naphthalene,1,2,3a,5,8,8,a-hexahy dro-4,7-dimethyl-1 Naphthalene,1,2,3a,5,8,8,a-hexahy dro-4,7-dimethyl-1 | 26.79 | nd | nd | 2.74 ± 0.18 | 3.36 ± 0.53 | nd | |||
| Germacrene-D | 27.35 | 29.7 ± 1.00 | 19.97 ± 2.01 | 21.87 ± 2.01 | 21.75 ± 1.45 | 17.30 ± 0.87 | 20.93 ± 2.00 | nd | |
| Naphthalene,1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,aoctahy dro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1met hylethyl),(1α,4aα,8aα)c | 27.61 | 3.97 ± 0.57 | 2.26 ± 0.90 | 2.06 ± 0.80 | 2.05 ± 0.09 | 6.83 ± 0.69 | 8.34 ± 0.81 | nd | |
| ё-Cadinene | 28.19 | nd | 19.20 ± 1.04 | 19.53 ± 1.23 | nd | nd | |||
| δ-Cadinene | 28.69 | nd | nd | 5.61 ± 0.34 | 6.87 ± 0.99 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 1.22 ± 0.05 | ||
| Citronellol | 28.72 | nd | 3.82 ± 0.55 | 3.80 ± 0.90 | 14.90 ± 1.00 | 11.28 ± 1.04 | nd | ||
| Nerol | 30.22 | 3.63 ± 0.97 | 2.26 ± 0.81 | 2.06 ± 0.12 | 2.05 ± 0.09 | 6.83 ± 0.69 | 8.34 ± 0.81 | nd | |
| Geraniol | 30.92 | nd | 19.34 ± 2.04 | 19.53 ± 1.97 | 2.32 ± 0.75 | 1.73 ± 2.78 | nd | ||
| 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene | 31.48 | 9.41 ± 1.20 | 6.99 ± 2.01 | nd | 16.08 ± 1.06 | 19.57 ± 1.37 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 1.56 ± 0.51 | |
| 1,3,5,7-tetramethyladamantane | 33.51 | nd | nd | nd | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 3.70 ± 0.08 | |||
| 2-Butanone,4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1- cyclohexen-1-yl)- | 33.86 | nd | 3.34 ± 0.10 | 3.32 ± 0.99 | nd | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 2.88 ± 0.31 | ||
| dihydro-β-ionol | 34.14 | nd | 5.09 ± 0.97 | 5.06 ± 0.85 | 2.10 ± 0.11 | 2.43 ± 0.71 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 1.76 ± 0.02 | |
| Total | 52.95 ± 0.98 | 86.56 ± 0.87 | 83.74 ± 0.75 | 83.74 ± 0.75 | |||||
zRelative abundance of volatile compounds
yPercentage of volatile compounds
xNot detected
4wMean ± SD
RHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart
Mean ± SD (n = 30)
RHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart
UPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)
Mean ± SD (n = 30)
UPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)
Infection degree 1-9: 0, no lesion; 1, lesion area below 1%; 3, 1~5%; 5, 6~25%; 7, 25~50%; 9, above 50%
Mean ± SD (n = 30)
Relative abundance of volatile compounds
Percentage of volatile compounds
Not detected
Mean ± SD