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방향성 절화용 장미 ‘허니블루’ 육성

A Standard Rose Cultivar ‘Honey Blue’ with Scented Petals for Cut Flowers

Young-Soon Lee*, Seung-Hee Lim, Gun-Hwan Park
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2015;47(3):312-317.
Published online: August 31, 2015

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*Corresponding author (rosesea@gg.go.kr, Tel: +82-31-229-5801, Fax: +82-31-229-5963)
• Received: June 26, 2015   • Revised: July 22, 2015   • Accepted: July 22, 2015

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  • A standard cultivar of R. hybrida ‘Honey Blue’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between R. hybrida ‘Pacific Blue’ and R. hybrida ‘Lovely Blue’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) in 2012. It was finally selected in 2012 after investigation of the characteristics for five years (2008-2012). A standard type rose cultivar ‘Pacific Blue’was used as mother plant and it has medium scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D and 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene. A spray type rose cultivar ‘Lovely Blue’was used as pollen parent and it has strong scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D, geraniol and cadinene. ‘Honey Blue’has strong scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D, citronellol and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene. A standard type with large sized flower, it has violet colored (RHS Violet 84C) petals and 9.7 cm in flower diameter and 50.2 petals per flower. Vase life of this cultivar could be as long as 9.1 days. It takes 49 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 134 stems/m2 in a year. The stem length of cut flower was 75.8 cm. ‘Honey Blue’was granted on Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) with No. 4866 on March 17, 2014.
장미의 품종개량은 19세기 말 사계성 장미인 R. chinensis 와 R. multiflora 그 외의 동양 원종이 유럽에 도입되어 유럽 원종과 인공적으로 교배된 후에 새로운 형태의 모양과 색깔 을 다양하게 갖추게 되면서 지금까지 25,000여 품종이 육성 되었다(Guoliang 2003, RDA 2001). 장미 품종이 절화용으 로 개량이 되면서 육종가들은 꽃 색깔, 꽃 모양, 병저항성, 절 화수명 등과 같은 절화로서의 몇 가지 주요한 특성에만 육종 목표를 가지고 품종 개량을 하여 왔다. 특히 꽃 향기가 강한 장미는 대부분 꽃잎이 얇아 꽃잎의 상처가 쉽게 발생되고 위 조가 쉽게 나타나서 절화수명이 짧은 특성이 있어, 절화용 장 미로 육종되면서 향기는 약하게 되었다(Gudin 2000). 그러나 최근 전 세계적으로 소비자들은 장미 향기에 대한 관심이 점 차로 높아지고 있으나 꽃시장에 유통되고 있는 절화용 장미 가운데 방향성 장미 품종은 적다. 장미 꽃 향기성분은 400종 이상이며 품종 별로 주요 성분과 조성 비율이 다르다고 알려 져 있다(Giulia et al. 2006). Flament et al. (1993) 과 Magali et al. (2007)은 장미 꽃잎 향기의 주요성분에 따라 3그룹 (terpenes, lipid derivatives, aromatic compounds)으로 분류 하였고, Bent (2007)는 5그룹(fruity, myrrh, old rose, musk and tea)으로 분류하였다. 현대 절화용 장미품종은 대부분 aromatic compound계 그룹으로 3,5-dimethoxytoluene와 phenylethylalcohol성분이 많으며, 고전 장미품종은 terpene 계 그룹으로 germacrene-D, nerol, β-citronellol 및 geraniol 등의 성분이 많이 함유되어 있다고 알려져 있다(Joichi et al. 2005).
최근 유럽의 육종회사에서 교잡육종에 의하여 품종이 육성 되어 우리나라의 꽃시장에 유통되고 있는 방향성 절화용 장 미 품종으로는 네덜란드 Schreurs 사의 연분홍색 중형 ‘Perfume’, 백색 대형‘Marilyn Monroe’등과 영국 David Austin 사의 잉 글리시 패턴 화형 분홍색 ‘Marilyn’, 연노랑색 ‘Patience’, 복 숭아색 ‘Juliet’ 등이 소개되기 시작하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 또한 향기가 강하고 절화 특성이 우수하여 소비자의 기호도 가 높은 장미 신품종을 육성하고자 수행하였다.
방향성 절화용 장미 품종을 육성 하고자 향기가 있는 모본 과 부본을 교배친으로 사용하였다. 2006년도에 화색이 보라 색(RHS Violet 85A)이고 화형은 스탠다드 고심형이며 향기 정도가 중간인 ‘Pacific Blue’ 를 종자친으로 하고, 화색은 보 라색(RHS Violet 85C)이고 화형은 스프레이 반고심형이며 향기가 강한 ‘Lovely Blue’를 화분친으로 하여 품종 간 30화 를 인공교배 하였다. 교배 100일 후 완숙된 꼬투리 28협을 수 확하여 446립을 채종하였다. 종자의 휴면타파를 위하여 4°C 저장실에서 3개월 동안 저온처리를 하였으며, 발아한 130개 의 실생묘를 개체 양성하여 꽃의 특성이 우수한 17계통을 2007년도에 예비선발 하였다. 이를 대상으로 암면 큐브에 삽 목하여 증식한 후 코코피트 배지에 2008년 4월 15일에 20 × 15 cm(2조식) 재식거리로 정식한 후 양액재배 표준재배법 (RDA 2001)에 준하여 점적 비순환식 방법으로 양액재배를 하였다. 2008년부터 2012년까지 육성계통과 대비품종을 각 각 30주씩 정식하여 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석기준(RDA 2003)과 신품종 심사를 위한 특성조사요령(NSMO 2005)에 따라 1, 2, 3차 특성검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 GR06-8-1 계 통이 절화특성이 우수하고 기호도가 높은 것으로 인정되어, 2012년 12월에 농촌진흥청 직무육성 선정심의회를 거쳐 ‘Honey Blue’로 명명되었다(Fig. 1). 향기 성분 분석을 위해 꽃잎 0.3 g을 10 mL vial에 넣은 상태에서 headspace-SPME (HS100, Alphamos)방법에 따라 agitator의 온도는 50°C로 유지하고 10분 동안 포집한 후 10분간 fiber (DVB-CAR-PDMS) 에 흡착시키고 1분 동안 탈착시켰다(Kim et al. 2000, Giulia et al. 2006). 꽃잎의 향기 성분과 함량 분석은 가스크로마토 그램(GC/MS)에 TR-WAX(supelco) 컬럼을 사용하여 retention time 11.11부터 34.14까지 peak area 1% 이상인 반응을 분 석하였다. Headspace-SPME은 Cycle Composer Software 프로그램으로 운용하였고 GC/MS 분석은 Xcalibur software system으로 운용하였다. 향기성분 MS data는 NIST (national institute of standards and technology)와 Wiley library를 적 용하여 탐색하였다.
육성경위
향기정도가 중간이며 화색이 보라색인 스탠다드 장미 ‘Pacific Blue’ 를 종자친으로 하고, 향기정도가 강하며 화색 이 보라색인 스프레이 장미‘Lovely Blue’ 화분친으로 하여 2006년에 교배하여 2007년에 실생을 양성하였다. 향기가 있 으며 화색과 화형이 우수한 17계통을 예비선발 하였으며 2008년부터 2012년까지 1, 2, 3차 특성검정과 품평회 결과 향기가 강하며 절화특성이 우수한 GR06-8-1계통(GyeongGyo D1-37)을 최종 선발하였다(Fig. 1). 2012년 9월 18일에 농촌 진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정심의회를 거쳐 ‘Honey Blue’ 로 명명하여 국립종자원에 출원되었다.
Fig. 1.
Pedigree diagram of a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
KJBS-47-312_F1.gif
주요특성
‘Honey Blue’는 화색이 보라색(RHS Violet 84C)으로 종 자친 ‘Pacific Blue’ 및 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’ 보다 연한 색을 띤다(Table 1, Fig. 2). 꽃 모양은 별 모양으로 종자친 ‘Pacific Blue’과 같고 대비품종 ‘VenusBerry’와 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’ 는 원형 모양이다. 꽃의 측면의 아랫부분 모양은 볼록한 모양 으로 종자친‘Pacific Blue’과 같으며 화분친‘Lovely Blue’와 대비품종 ‘Venus Berry’는 평평한 볼록 모양이다. 꽃받침의 전개 정도는 약한 것으로 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’와 같으며 종 자친‘Pacific Blue’는 중간이며 대비품종 ‘Venus Berry’는 없 거나 약하다. 꽃잎수는 50.2매로 종자친 ‘Pacific Blue’와 비 슷하며 대비품종 ‘Venus Berry’ 보다 많다. 화폭 9.7 cm, 화 고 5.7 cm, 개화소요일수 49일로 종자친 ‘Pacific Blue’와 비 슷하다(Table 1). 엽색은 진녹색(RHS Green 139A)으로 종 자친 ‘Pacific Blue’ 및 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’과 동일하다. 잎 의 광택은 종자친 ‘Pacific Blue’ 및 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’과 비슷하며 줄기의 가시 정도는 종자친 ‘Pacific Blue’ 보다 적 으며 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’과 비슷하다(Table 2).
Fig. 2.
The flower of a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
KJBS-47-312_F2.tif
Table 1.
Flower characteristics of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
Table 1.
Cultivar Flower colorz Blooming shape View from above Side view of lower part Reflexing of margin
Pacific Blue (Mother plant) Violet (85A) Standard Star-shaped Convex Absent or very weak
Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) Violet (85C) Spray Round Flattened convex Weak
Honey Blue Violet (84C) Standard Star-shaped Convex Absent or very weak
Venus Berry (Reference) Red Purple (69C) Standard Round Flattened convex Weak
Cultivar Extensions of sepal No. of petals Flower diameter (cm) Flower height (cm) Days to flower
Pacific Blue (Mother plant) Medium 48.1 ± 1.3y 9.8 ± 0.4 5.5 ± 0.7 48.0 ± 1.2
Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) Weak 18.4 ± 1.5 4.6 ± 0.6 3.0 ± 0.2 38.0 ± 1.0
Honey Blue Weak 50.2 ± 2.5 9.7 ± 1.0 5.7 ± 0.5 49.0 ± 1.3
Venus Berry (Reference) Absent or very weak 38.5 ± 3.5 9.5 ± 0.8 4.5 ± 0.6 42.0 ± 0.9

zRHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart

yMean ± SD (n = 30)

Table 2.
Leaf and stem characteristics of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
Table 2.
Cultivar Leaf colorz Leaf glossinessy No. of prickles/stem of 10cm
Pacific Blue (Mother plant) Green (139A) 5.2 ± 0.1x 2.0 ± 0.5
Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) Green (139A) 5.2 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.3
Honey Blue Green (139A) 5.0 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 0.4
Venus Berry (Reference) Green (137A) 5.0 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.3

zRHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart

yUPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)

xMean ± SD (n = 30)

‘Honey Blue’는 절화수명이 9.1일로 종자친 ‘Pacific Blue’ 보다 3일정도 짧으며 이것은 ‘Honey Blue’의 꽃잎이 얇고 향 기가 강하여 절화수명이 짧은 것으로 보인다. 흰가루병은 교 배 양친보다 강한 편이다(Table 3). 년간 수확량은 134본/m 2 으로 대비품종 ‘Venus Berry’ 보다 27.3본이 적으며, 절화장 은 75.8 cm으로 대비품종 ‘Venus Berry’ 보다 11.5 cm가 길다. 줄기직경 6.9 mm, 엽수 10.4매, 절화중 38.9 g으로 대비품종 ‘Venus Berry’ 와 비슷하다(Table 4).
Table 3.
Vase life, fragrance and powdery mildew infection degree of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
Table 3.
Cultivar Vase life (days) Fragrancez Powdery mildew infection degreey
Pacific Blue (Mother plant) 12.0 ± 0.5x 4.8 ± 0.5 5.0 ± 0.5
Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) 7.5 ± 1.0 7.7 ± 0.6 7.0 ± 0.9
Honey Blue 9.1 ± 0.4 7.3 ± 0.2 3.5 ± 1.0
Venus Berry (Reference) 10.9 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.5 3.9 ± 1.0

zUPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)

yInfection degree 1-9: 0, no lesion; 1, lesion area below 1%; 3, 1~5%; 5, 6~25%; 7, 25~50%; 9, above 50%

xMean ± SD (n = 30)

Table 4.
Yield and quantitative characteristics of reference cultivar and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’(’10~’12).
Table 4.
Cultivar Year Yield (stems/m2/year) Stem length (cm) Stem diameter (mm) No. of leaves Fresh weight of cut flower (g)
Honey Blue ’10 130.0 73.5 6.9 9.9 39.5
’11 131.0 75.9 6.9 10.4 40.1
’12 140.0 78.1 7.0 10.6 37.3
Average 134.0 75.8 6.9 6.9 38.9
Venus Berry (Reference) ’10 168.4 168.4 6.5 10.4 34.5
’11 150.8 65.7 6.8 11.8 40.8
’12 164.9 64.8 6.5 11.8 40.5
Average 161.3 64.3 6.6 11.3 38.6
‘Honey Blue’는 꽃잎에 주요 향기성분으로 terpene계 그 룹의 germacrene-D과 citronellol을 각각 17.30 × 10 7 , 14.90 × 10 7 함유하고 있고 aromatic compound계 그룹의 3,5-dimethoxytoluene을 16.08 × 10 7 함유하고 있으며 총 향기함량은 83.74 × 10 7 로서 향기가 강하였다(Table 5). 종자친으로 사 용한 ‘Pacific Blue’은 주요 향기성분으로 terpene계 그룹의 germacrene-D와 aromatic compound계 그룹의 3,5-dimethoxytoluene을 각각 29.7 × 10 7 , 9.41 × 10 7 함유하고 있으며 총 향기함량은 52.95 × 10 7으로서 향기 정도가 중간이며, 화분 친으로 사용한 ‘Lovely Blue’는 주요 향기성분으로 terpene 계 그룹의 germacrene-D, geraniol 및 cadinene을 각각 21.87 × 10 7 , 19.34 × 10 7 , 19.20 × 10 7 함유하고 있으며 총 향기함 량은 86.56 × 10 7으로 향기가 강하다. ‘Honey Blue’는 종자 친 ‘Pacific Blue’과 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’의 주요성분인 germacrene-D와 종자친의 3,5-dimethoxytoluene가 유전된 것으로 보이며, 대비품종 ‘Venus Berry’와 종자친 ‘Pacific Blue’ 보다 향기가 강하였고 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’과 비슷한 정도로 강하였다.
Table 5.
The relative abundance and percentage of volatile compounds in R hybrida petals. Values were calculated as peak area more than 1%.
Table 5.
Compound RT (min) Pacific Blue (Mother plant) Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) Honey Blue Venus Berry (Reference)
RAz (×107) PVy (%) RAz (×107) PV (%) RAz (×107) PVy (%) RAz (×107) PVy (%)
Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl- 11.11 ndx 4.8 ± 0.15w 4.85 ± 0.04 nd nd
3-Hexanol-1-ol,acetate,(Z)- 15.53 nd nd nd 0.08 ± 0.01 1.27 ± 1.01
1-Hexanol(CAS) 16.77 2.99 ± 0.40 2.2 3 ±0.22 1.76 ± 0.09 1.75 ± 0.05 nd 0.41 ± 0.01 2.20 ± 0.09
3-Hexanol-1-ol 17.81 nd nd nd 0.21 ± 0.01 3.34 ± 0.07
2-Hexanol-1-ol,(E)- 18.58 nd nd nd 0.14 ± 0.01 2.20 ± 0.09
Megastigma-7(E),9,13-triene 19.67 nd nd nd 0.09 ± 0.02 1.76 ± 0.02
Copaene 20.33 nd 3.22 ± 0.54 3.2 ± 0.70 nd 7.06 ± 0.21 5.25 ± 0.71
Azulene,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro- 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, 1S-(14α,7α)]- 20.80 nd nd 1.31 ± 0.21 1.60 ± 0.03 nd
2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro [4.5]dec-6-ene 21.15 nd nd 2.91 ± 0.07 3.58 ± 0.80 0.43 ± 0.01 6.80 ± 1.09
2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro [4.5]dec-6-ene 21.19 nd nd 3.21 ± 0.31 3.97 ± 0.55 nd
trans-Caryophyllene 23.98 1.85 ± 0.09 1.38 ± 0.33 nd 1.60 ± 0.23 1.95 ± 0.02 nd
Megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene 24.94 1.40 ± 0.17 1.04 ± 0.50 nd nd 0.73 ± 0.02 11.58 ± 1.20
Naphthalene,1,2,3a,5,8,8,a-hexahy dro-4,7-dimethyl-1 Naphthalene,1,2,3a,5,8,8,a-hexahy dro-4,7-dimethyl-1 26.79 nd nd 2.74 ± 0.18 3.36 ± 0.53 nd
Germacrene-D 27.35 29.7 ± 1.00 19.97 ± 2.01 21.87 ± 2.01 21.75 ± 1.45 17.30 ± 0.87 20.93 ± 2.00 nd
Naphthalene,1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,aoctahy dro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1met hylethyl),(1α,4aα,8aα)c 27.61 3.97 ± 0.57 2.26 ± 0.90 2.06 ± 0.80 2.05 ± 0.09 6.83 ± 0.69 8.34 ± 0.81 nd
ё-Cadinene 28.19 nd 19.20 ± 1.04 19.53 ± 1.23 nd nd
δ-Cadinene 28.69 nd nd 5.61 ± 0.34 6.87 ± 0.99 0.07 ± 0.02 1.22 ± 0.05
Citronellol 28.72 nd 3.82 ± 0.55 3.80 ± 0.90 14.90 ± 1.00 11.28 ± 1.04 nd
Nerol 30.22 3.63 ± 0.97 2.26 ± 0.81 2.06 ± 0.12 2.05 ± 0.09 6.83 ± 0.69 8.34 ± 0.81 nd
Geraniol 30.92 nd 19.34 ± 2.04 19.53 ± 1.97 2.32 ± 0.75 1.73 ± 2.78 nd
3,5-Dimethoxytoluene 31.48 9.41 ± 1.20 6.99 ± 2.01 nd 16.08 ± 1.06 19.57 ± 1.37 0.98 ± 0.01 1.56 ± 0.51
1,3,5,7-tetramethyladamantane 33.51 nd nd nd 0.23 ± 0.01 3.70 ± 0.08
2-Butanone,4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1- cyclohexen-1-yl)- 33.86 nd 3.34 ± 0.10 3.32 ± 0.99 nd 0.18 ± 0.04 2.88 ± 0.31
dihydro-β-ionol 34.14 nd 5.09 ± 0.97 5.06 ± 0.85 2.10 ± 0.11 2.43 ± 0.71 0.11 ± 0.01 1.76 ± 0.02
Total 52.95 ± 0.98 86.56 ± 0.87 83.74 ± 0.75 83.74 ± 0.75

zRelative abundance of volatile compounds

yPercentage of volatile compounds

xNot detected

4wMean ± SD

재배 상의 유의점
‘Hony Blue’는 긴 절화장 확보를 위하여 충분한 동화지 확 보를 위한 절곡재배 방식의 양액재배가 유리하고 적정재식밀 도(6,000주/10a)를 유지해야 고품질 다수확 생산에 유리하다. 시설 내 환경이 고온 건조 할 때 흰가루병과 응애가 발생되기 쉬우므로 예방을 위해 약제방제를 철저히 해야 한다. 또한 겨 울철에 온도가 낮고 광량이 부족 할 때에는 블라인드 지가 발 생될 우려가 있으므로 생육 최저온도 20°C 이상을 유지하여 야 한다. 삽목 번식 시에는 5매엽이 부착된 눈을 사용하여야 하고 삽목상 온도는 25°C 정도로 관리해야 하며, 삽목 후 근 권부 캘러스가 형성될 때까지 2주 동안은 차광재배 하에서 미 스트 시설로 습도가 60~80% 정도로 충분하게 유지되도록 하여 잎이 마르지 않도록 하여야 한다.
‘Honey Blue’는 2006년도에 경기도농업기술원에서 종자 친 ‘Pacific Blue’과 화분친 ‘Lovely Blue’ 교배조합으로 인 공교배를 통하여 육성된 절화용 장미 신품종이다. 5년 동안 특성검정을 하여 절화특성이 우수한 계통을 2012년도에 최종 선발하여 ‘Honey Blue’으로 명명하였다. 종자친으로 사용한 ‘Pacific Blue’는 향기가 중간 정도이며 주요성분은 germacrene-D 과 3,5-dimethoxytoluene이다. 화분친으로 사용한 ‘Lovely Blue’는 향기가 강하며 주요성분은 germacrene-D, geraniol 및 cadinene이다. ‘Honey Blue’의 주요 향기성분은 germacrene-D, citronellol and 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene으로 향기가 강하다. ‘Honey Blue’은 대형 스탠다드 장미로 화색은 보라색(RHS Violet 84C)이며 화폭 9.7 cm, 꽃잎수 50.2매, 절화수명 9.1 일이다. 개화소요일수는 49일이며 년간 절화수량은 134본/m 2 이고 절화장은 75.8 cm이다(품종출원등록번호: 제4866호).
‘Honey Blue’ 품종은 종자산업법에 의거하여 국립종자원 에 2012년 11월 16일 품종보호출원(출원번호 제2012-573호) 되었으며 2013년에 재배심사를 실시하여 2014년 3월 17일 종자산업법 제55조에 따라 장미 신품종 ‘Honey Blue’로 품 종보호등록(등록보호: 제4866호)이 완료 되었다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 장미사업단(과제번호: PJ00823008- 2012)의 연구비 지원에 의하여 수행되었음.
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A Standard Rose Cultivar ‘Honey Blue’ with Scented Petals for Cut Flowers
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2015;47(3):312-317.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2015.47.3.312
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A Standard Rose Cultivar ‘Honey Blue’ with Scented Petals for Cut Flowers
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2015;47(3):312-317.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2015.47.3.312
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A Standard Rose Cultivar ‘Honey Blue’ with Scented Petals for Cut Flowers
Image Image
Fig. 1. Pedigree diagram of a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.
Fig. 2. The flower of a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

A Standard Rose Cultivar ‘Honey Blue’ with Scented Petals for Cut Flowers

Flower characteristics of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.

Cultivar Flower colorz Blooming shape View from above Side view of lower part Reflexing of margin
Pacific Blue (Mother plant) Violet (85A) Standard Star-shaped Convex Absent or very weak
Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) Violet (85C) Spray Round Flattened convex Weak
Honey Blue Violet (84C) Standard Star-shaped Convex Absent or very weak
Venus Berry (Reference) Red Purple (69C) Standard Round Flattened convex Weak
Cultivar Extensions of sepal No. of petals Flower diameter (cm) Flower height (cm) Days to flower
Pacific Blue (Mother plant) Medium 48.1 ± 1.3y 9.8 ± 0.4 5.5 ± 0.7 48.0 ± 1.2
Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) Weak 18.4 ± 1.5 4.6 ± 0.6 3.0 ± 0.2 38.0 ± 1.0
Honey Blue Weak 50.2 ± 2.5 9.7 ± 1.0 5.7 ± 0.5 49.0 ± 1.3
Venus Berry (Reference) Absent or very weak 38.5 ± 3.5 9.5 ± 0.8 4.5 ± 0.6 42.0 ± 0.9

zRHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart

yMean ± SD (n = 30)

Leaf and stem characteristics of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.

Cultivar Leaf colorz Leaf glossinessy No. of prickles/stem of 10cm
Pacific Blue (Mother plant) Green (139A) 5.2 ± 0.1x 2.0 ± 0.5
Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) Green (139A) 5.2 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.3
Honey Blue Green (139A) 5.0 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 0.4
Venus Berry (Reference) Green (137A) 5.0 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.3

zRHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart

yUPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)

xMean ± SD (n = 30)

Vase life, fragrance and powdery mildew infection degree of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.

Cultivar Vase life (days) Fragrancez Powdery mildew infection degreey
Pacific Blue (Mother plant) 12.0 ± 0.5x 4.8 ± 0.5 5.0 ± 0.5
Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) 7.5 ± 1.0 7.7 ± 0.6 7.0 ± 0.9
Honey Blue 9.1 ± 0.4 7.3 ± 0.2 3.5 ± 1.0
Venus Berry (Reference) 10.9 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.5 3.9 ± 1.0

zUPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)

yInfection degree 1-9: 0, no lesion; 1, lesion area below 1%; 3, 1~5%; 5, 6~25%; 7, 25~50%; 9, above 50%

xMean ± SD (n = 30)

Yield and quantitative characteristics of reference cultivar and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’(’10~’12).

Cultivar Year Yield (stems/m2/year) Stem length (cm) Stem diameter (mm) No. of leaves Fresh weight of cut flower (g)
Honey Blue ’10 130.0 73.5 6.9 9.9 39.5
’11 131.0 75.9 6.9 10.4 40.1
’12 140.0 78.1 7.0 10.6 37.3
Average 134.0 75.8 6.9 6.9 38.9
Venus Berry (Reference) ’10 168.4 168.4 6.5 10.4 34.5
’11 150.8 65.7 6.8 11.8 40.8
’12 164.9 64.8 6.5 11.8 40.5
Average 161.3 64.3 6.6 11.3 38.6

The relative abundance and percentage of volatile compounds in R hybrida petals. Values were calculated as peak area more than 1%.

Compound RT (min) Pacific Blue (Mother plant) Lovely Blue (Pollen parent) Honey Blue Venus Berry (Reference)
RAz (×107) PVy (%) RAz (×107) PV (%) RAz (×107) PVy (%) RAz (×107) PVy (%)
Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl- 11.11 ndx 4.8 ± 0.15w 4.85 ± 0.04 nd nd
3-Hexanol-1-ol,acetate,(Z)- 15.53 nd nd nd 0.08 ± 0.01 1.27 ± 1.01
1-Hexanol(CAS) 16.77 2.99 ± 0.40 2.2 3 ±0.22 1.76 ± 0.09 1.75 ± 0.05 nd 0.41 ± 0.01 2.20 ± 0.09
3-Hexanol-1-ol 17.81 nd nd nd 0.21 ± 0.01 3.34 ± 0.07
2-Hexanol-1-ol,(E)- 18.58 nd nd nd 0.14 ± 0.01 2.20 ± 0.09
Megastigma-7(E),9,13-triene 19.67 nd nd nd 0.09 ± 0.02 1.76 ± 0.02
Copaene 20.33 nd 3.22 ± 0.54 3.2 ± 0.70 nd 7.06 ± 0.21 5.25 ± 0.71
Azulene,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro- 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, 1S-(14α,7α)]- 20.80 nd nd 1.31 ± 0.21 1.60 ± 0.03 nd
2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro [4.5]dec-6-ene 21.15 nd nd 2.91 ± 0.07 3.58 ± 0.80 0.43 ± 0.01 6.80 ± 1.09
2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro [4.5]dec-6-ene 21.19 nd nd 3.21 ± 0.31 3.97 ± 0.55 nd
trans-Caryophyllene 23.98 1.85 ± 0.09 1.38 ± 0.33 nd 1.60 ± 0.23 1.95 ± 0.02 nd
Megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene 24.94 1.40 ± 0.17 1.04 ± 0.50 nd nd 0.73 ± 0.02 11.58 ± 1.20
Naphthalene,1,2,3a,5,8,8,a-hexahy dro-4,7-dimethyl-1 Naphthalene,1,2,3a,5,8,8,a-hexahy dro-4,7-dimethyl-1 26.79 nd nd 2.74 ± 0.18 3.36 ± 0.53 nd
Germacrene-D 27.35 29.7 ± 1.00 19.97 ± 2.01 21.87 ± 2.01 21.75 ± 1.45 17.30 ± 0.87 20.93 ± 2.00 nd
Naphthalene,1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,aoctahy dro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1met hylethyl),(1α,4aα,8aα)c 27.61 3.97 ± 0.57 2.26 ± 0.90 2.06 ± 0.80 2.05 ± 0.09 6.83 ± 0.69 8.34 ± 0.81 nd
ё-Cadinene 28.19 nd 19.20 ± 1.04 19.53 ± 1.23 nd nd
δ-Cadinene 28.69 nd nd 5.61 ± 0.34 6.87 ± 0.99 0.07 ± 0.02 1.22 ± 0.05
Citronellol 28.72 nd 3.82 ± 0.55 3.80 ± 0.90 14.90 ± 1.00 11.28 ± 1.04 nd
Nerol 30.22 3.63 ± 0.97 2.26 ± 0.81 2.06 ± 0.12 2.05 ± 0.09 6.83 ± 0.69 8.34 ± 0.81 nd
Geraniol 30.92 nd 19.34 ± 2.04 19.53 ± 1.97 2.32 ± 0.75 1.73 ± 2.78 nd
3,5-Dimethoxytoluene 31.48 9.41 ± 1.20 6.99 ± 2.01 nd 16.08 ± 1.06 19.57 ± 1.37 0.98 ± 0.01 1.56 ± 0.51
1,3,5,7-tetramethyladamantane 33.51 nd nd nd 0.23 ± 0.01 3.70 ± 0.08
2-Butanone,4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1- cyclohexen-1-yl)- 33.86 nd 3.34 ± 0.10 3.32 ± 0.99 nd 0.18 ± 0.04 2.88 ± 0.31
dihydro-β-ionol 34.14 nd 5.09 ± 0.97 5.06 ± 0.85 2.10 ± 0.11 2.43 ± 0.71 0.11 ± 0.01 1.76 ± 0.02
Total 52.95 ± 0.98 86.56 ± 0.87 83.74 ± 0.75 83.74 ± 0.75

zRelative abundance of volatile compounds

yPercentage of volatile compounds

xNot detected

4wMean ± SD

Table 1. Flower characteristics of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.

RHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart

Mean ± SD (n = 30)

Table 2. Leaf and stem characteristics of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.

RHS (The Royal Horticultural Society) color chart

UPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)

Mean ± SD (n = 30)

Table 3. Vase life, fragrance and powdery mildew infection degree of parental plants, reference cultivar, and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’.

UPOV TG/11/7 (1, very weak; 3, weak; 5, medium; 7, strong; 9, very strong)

Infection degree 1-9: 0, no lesion; 1, lesion area below 1%; 3, 1~5%; 5, 6~25%; 7, 25~50%; 9, above 50%

Mean ± SD (n = 30)

Table 4. Yield and quantitative characteristics of reference cultivar and a new rose cultivar, ‘Honey Blue’(’10~’12).
Table 5. The relative abundance and percentage of volatile compounds in R hybrida petals. Values were calculated as peak area more than 1%.

Relative abundance of volatile compounds

Percentage of volatile compounds

Not detected

Mean ± SD

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

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