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종자품질과 가공적성이 우수한 나물용 콩 ‘신바람’

김준회1, 강범규1,*, 서정현1, 허수빈1, 박기림1, 이영훈1, 한원영1, 서명철1, 김남걸2, 김승남3, 최진실4, 백정호5

A Soybean Cultivar ‘Sinbaram’ With High Seed Quality and Sprout Characteristics

JunHoi Kim1, BeomKyu Kang1,*, JeonHyun Seo1, SuVin Heo1, GiRim Park1, YeongHoon Lee1, WonYoung Han1, MyungChul Seo1, NamGeol Kim2, SeungNam Kim3, Jinsil Choi4, JeongHo Baek5
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2025;57(1):39-48.
Published online: March 1, 2025

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부 밭작물개발과

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 중부작물과

3제주특별자치도농업기술원

4전라남도농업기술원

5농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유전자공학과

1Upland Crop Breeding Research Division Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea

2Central Area Crop Breeding Division Department of Central Area Crop Science, Suwon, 16429, Republic of Korea

3Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jeju, 63034, Republic of Korea

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*Corresponding to BeomKyu Kang, TEL. +82-55-350-1233, E-mail. hellobk01@korea.kr
• Received: November 13, 2024   • Revised: November 20, 2024   • Accepted: November 25, 2024

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  • ‘Sinbaram’ is a new cultivar developed for soy sprout production at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS). It was developed using the line breeding method in 2010 by artificially crossing ‘Pungsannamulkong’(IT263156) with the ‘HS1371-49-2-2’ line in 2010. F1 plants and the F2 population were developed in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and a promising line was selected using F3 to F5 in the pedigree method. It was evaluated for agronomic traits, yield, and soy sprout characteristics in a preliminary (PYT) and an advanced (AYT) yield trial in 2016 and 2017, respectively. ‘Sinbaram’ has purple flowers, a lanceolate leaflet shape, grey pubescence, and small yellow seeds (10.2 g/100 seeds). The flowering and maturing dates were August 4 and October 9, which were 2 and 5 days earlier than ‘Pungsannamulkong.’ Plant height, first pod height, number of nods, number of branches, and number of pods were 46 cm, 10 cm, 14, 3.5, and 82, respectively. The germination rate and sprout characteristics were similar to those of ‘Pungsannamulkong’, and the yield was 83% higher in the sprout test. In the yield test, the yield was 3.58 tons/ha in the 2-year yield trial, which was 1% higher than that of ‘Pungsangnamulkong,’ and 2.71 tons/ha in the 3-year regional yield trial, 8% lower than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’, with an average of 2.71 tons/ha in the four regions. In addition, the overall score of 6.7 in the processor survey was higher than 6.0 for ‘Pungsannamulkong.’ Therefore, the ‘Sinbaram’ cultivar is expected to be preferred because it has good sprout characteristics. (Registration number: 9460)
콩[Glycine max. (L.) Merr.]은 단백질이 40% 수준으로 단백질 함량이 가장 높은 작물이며, 지방 또한 20%정도 포함하고 있어 경제성과 가치가 있는 중요한 작물 중 하나이다(Liu & Liu 1997). 또한 한국에서는 대두를 두부를 만들거나 된장이나 간장 등 장으로 이용하고 있다. 또한 대두를 발아시켜 콩나물을 재배하여 섭취하고 있어 식생활에서도 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 한국의 대두 가공식품 규모의 경우 장류 전체 시장규모는 약 8,400억원, 두부는 약 5,400억원, 콩나물은 약 3,000억원 수준이다(aT 2021, aT 2019). 그 중 콩나물은 발아 과정에서 이소플라본, 비타민C, 식이섬유 등이 증가하여 영양학적으로 중요하게 이용되어 왔다(Sun et al. 2018).
2023년 국내 콩 재배면적은 67,671 ha, 생산량은 141,477 톤이다(KOSIS 2023). 최근 인건비가 상승하고, 농업인구가 고령화가 진행됨에 따라 생산비 절감을 위해서는 기계수확이 중요해지고 있다. 국내 기계화율은 2021년 기준 밭작물 전체 평균은 63.3%이며, 그 중 콩은 71.1%로 높은 기계화율을 보였다. 이처럼 콩은 기계화 작업비중이 높지만, 수확 기계화율은 46.1%에 그쳐 다소 미흡한 실정에 있다(KOSIS 2021). 콩 수확 기계화율이 낮은 이유중 하나는 기계수확 시 발생하는 손실이 있는데, 그 요인으로는 도복과 탈립에 의한 ‘수확전 손실’, ‘기계충격으로 인한 탈립에 의한 손실’, ‘저착협으로 인한 손실’, ‘도복으로 인한 비절단 손실’, ‘콤바인 내의 실린더 손실(콤바인 내의 비탈곡)’, ‘분리 손실(탈곡된 종실이 저장되지 않고 배출)’ 등이 있다(Charles et al. 1982). 특히 국내에 주로 재배되고 있는 ‘풍산나물콩’의 경우 탈립성과 도복성이 높고, 착협고가 낮아 기계화 수확시 손실이 많아 기계화 수확이 힘든 것으로 예상된다.
또한 나물용 콩은 종자 크기가 10~12 g/100립 수준의 소립콩이 많이 사용되는데, 이는 종자활력이나 발아력 그리고 배축신장성이 좋고 콩나물의 수율이 높기 때문이다(Kwon et al. 1981, Lee et al. 1992). 특히 콩나물 가공업체에서는 종자활력이나 발아력이 떨어지는 종자는 제품으로 사용하지 못하며, 콩나물 수율이 높아야 경제성이 있기 때문에 가공특성에서 중요한 부분이다(Kim et al. 2014, Shin et al. 1995).
국립식량과학원에서는 도복에 강해 재배적성이 뛰어나고, 또한 콩나물 신장성과 수율이 높아 가공적성도 우수한 콩 품종 ‘신바람’을 육성하여 개발하였다. 또한 다양한 가공업체들의 고유방식으로 콩나물을 재배하여 콩나물 가공업체의 평가도 조사하였다. 본 논문을 통해 ‘신바람’ 품종의 육성경위와 주요특성들을 소개하고자 한다.
육성과정
‘신바람’은 가공적성과 종자 외관이 우수한 ‘풍산나물콩’(IT263156)을 모본으로, 내도복성에 강한 계통 HS1371-49-2-2을 부본으로 인공교배하여 개발한 품종이다(Fig. 1). 2010년 인공교배를 시작하여 2011년 F1 집단 전개, 2012년 F2 분리 집단을 전개하였다. 2013년부터 2015년까지 F3에서 F5를 계통육종법으로 전개하여 농업적으로 우수한 계통을 선발하였고, 계통번호는 YS2275-2B-3-1-2-3-4이었다(Fig. 2). 이후 선발된 계통은 생산력검정 예비시험(PYT, Preliminary Yield Trial)과 생산력검정 본시험(AYT, Advanced Yield Trial)을 각각 2016년과 2017년에 국립식량과학원 대구시험지(대구광역시 달성군 소재, 35° 54' 18~E)에서 수행하였다. 생산력검정 예비시험(PYT)은 시험구 면적 8.4 m2, 재식거리 70×15 cm, 1주 2본으로 재배하여 난괴법 2반복으로 배치하였고, 생산력검정 본시험(AYT)은 시험구 면적 11.2 m2, 재식거리 70×15 cm, 1주 2본으로 재배하여 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하여 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준에 따라 주요 생육특성과 수량성을 조사하였다(RDA 2012). 2년간의 생산력검정시험에서 농업적 특성이 우수하고, 황색 소립으로 콩나물재배 특성이 뛰어나 ‘밀양356호’의 계통명을 부여하였다. 이후 2018년부터 2020년까지 지역적응시험을 경기 수원, 전남 나주, 대구 달성, 제주 4개 지역에서 3년간 수행하였고, 재배 방법은 시험구 면적 11.2 m2, 재식거리 70×15 cm, 1주 2본으로 재배하여 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 6월 중순에 파종하였으며 마찬가지로 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준에 따라 생육특성과 수량성을 조사하여 표준품종인 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비교하였다.
내병성 검정
콩모자이크바이러스(Soybean mosaic virus, SMV)와 불마름병(Bacterial pustule, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines)의 자연 이병률 평가를 위해 대구시험지 검정포장에 5월 상순에 파종하였다. 자연 이병률은 병징이 나타난 개체 수를 조사하여 정도(0-9)로 평가하였다.
콩모자이크바이러스의 인공접종 평가는 G6H(Seo et al. 2009)를 이용하였다. 각각의 이병 잎을 마쇄하여 2 mole 농도의 인산나트륨 버퍼에 녹여 즙액을 만들어 초생엽 시기에 Carborundom을 이용하여 잎 표면에 상처를 낸 후 접종 하였다. 접종 2주 후에 접종한 하위엽과 상위엽을 기준으로 병반 없음(-), 갈색 병반(L), 엽맥 병반(V), mosaic 증상(M), 고사(N)으로 구분하여 조사하였다.
불마름병 인공접종 평가는 8ra 균계를 이용하였다. 우선 페트리디시에 증식 후 증류수에 흡광도 0.2-0.3 정도로 희석해 만들고, 만들어진 접종액을 제 2본엽기~제3본엽기에 충분히 분무접종하고 습식처리를 한다. 이후 10일이 경과하고 2회에 걸쳐 잎에 나타난 병징의 면적을 조사해 정도(0-9)로 평가하였다.
검은뿌리썩음병(Black Root rot, Calonectria ilicicola)은 과습포장에 재배하여 자연이병 개체수를 조사하여 백분율로 나타내었다. 또한 종자 이병립율은 시험구에서 임의로 100립씩 3반복으로 추출하여 자반병(Purple seed strain, Cercospora kikuchii), 갈반병(Seed mottling), 미이라병(Phomopsis seed decay, Phomopsis longicolla)의 이병립수를 조사하였다.
내도복성 및 내탈립성 검정
내도복성 검정을 위해 70×15 cm로 재배하여 평가하였다. 시험구의 경우 11.2 m2로 난괴법 3반복 배치하여 도복 정도를 성숙기에 45° 이상 기울어진 개체의 비율로 등급화(1: 5% 이하, 3: 6-10%, 5: 11-50, 7: 51-75%, 9: 76% 이상)하였다. 반복 및 연차간 등급을 평균하여 반올림 후 1-9로 최종등급을 표기하였다.
내탈립성 검정은 내도복성 검정 포장에서 성숙한 꼬투리 20개를 성숙기에 채취하여 40℃ 건조기에 48시간 건조 후 꼬투리의 개열 정도를 조사하여 개열 비율을 조사하였다.
품질분석
단백질 함량을 분석하기 위해 질소 분석기(Elementar Analysen system, US/RapidN111, germany)를 이용하였으며, 지방 함량을 분석하기 위해서는 자동유지추출장치(Soxhlet System: BUCHI Labotechnik, B-911, AG, Switzerland)에서 n-hexane으로 3시간 열수 추출 한 후 지방함량을 구하였다. 그리고 지방산 조성 분석은 가스크로마토그래피(Agilent, GC 7890A, USA)를 이용하였다(Choung 2006).
이소플라본은 성분 분석을 위해서 시료 1.0 g을 분쇄하여 50% methanol 용액 20 mL에 넣고, 실온에서 12시간 교반한 뒤 추출액을 여과지(Whatman NO. 2)를 이용해 여과하였다. 여과된 시료는 0.45 µm로 재여과하여 액체크로마토그래피(Agilent, 1100, USA)를 활용해 HPLC 분석을 진행하였다. 이소플라본은 배당체와 비배당체 함량을 모두 합해 표기하였다.
발아특성 및 콩나물특성 평가
종자 발아 특성은 종자발아용지에 종자 100립씩 치상하여 항온항습기에서 25℃로 설정하고, 증류수로 종실이 마르지 않도록 관리해 발아세 및 발아율을 3반복으로 조사하였다. 발아세는 치상 후 48시간, 발아율은 120시간 후에 종실의 상태를 확인하여 조사하였다. 발아율은 전체 종자에 대해 발아한 종자를 백분율로 나타내었고, 발아한 종자는 종피를 뚫고 유근이 출현한 것을 기준으로 조사하였다.
콩나물은 바닥에 구멍이 뚫린 플라스틱 박스를 이용하여 종자 300립을 콩나물 재배기(Fig. 3)에서 재배하였다. 콩나물은 기온과 수온을 20℃로 맞추어 재배하였고, 관수는 매 4시간 마다 3회로 설정하였다.
콩나물 특성은 전장, 배축장, 근장, 배축직경, 부패율, 불완전발아율, 수율을 조사하였다. 이 중 전장, 배축장, 근장 그리고 배축직경은 20개의 콩나물을 임의로 추출하여 조사하였고, 부패율, 불완전발아율, 경실립률, 수율은 전구를 대상으로 조사하였다. 전장은 뿌리에서부터 배축 끝까지 전체 길이를 조사하였고, 배축장은 뿌리길이를 제외한 배축 길이, 근장은 콩나물에서 배축장의 길이를 뺀 길이를 기준으로 조사하였고, 배축직경은 콩나물 배축 중에서 가장 두꺼운 부분을 측정하였다. 부패율과 경실립률은 전체 300립에 대해 각각 부패한 종자와 발아하지 않은 딱딱한 종자를 백분율로 나타내었고, 불완전발아율은 전장이 5 cm 이하의 개체를 조사하여 백분율로 나타내었다. 수율의 경우 전장 5 cm 이상인 콩나물의 무게를 조사하여 원료콩 무게에 대해 백분율로 나타내었다.
가공업체 평가
가공업체 평가의 경우 사단법인 대한두채협회에서 협회의 회원사 중 4업체를 추천받아 진행하였으며, 재배방법은 각 업체의 고유방식으로 진행하였다. 평가항목은 마찬가지로 발아특성 및 콩나물 특성을 평가하였고, 또한 이를 바탕으로 ‘종자특성’, ‘발아특성’, ‘콩나물외관’, ‘관능특성’, ‘상품성’ 5가지 항목을 0에서 10점으로 설문조사를 실시하였다.
고유특성 및 생육특성
‘신바람’은 유한신육형에 엽형은 피침형, 꽃색은 보라색, 모용색은 회색, 협색⋅종피색 및 배꼽색은 황색이며 종실모양은 구형이다(Table 1). ‘신바람’의 생육특성은 대조품종과 비교할 때(Table 2), 개화기는 8월 4일로 2일 빨랐으며, 성숙기는 10월 9일로 5일 빨랐다. 경장은 46 cm, 착협고는 10 cm, 마디수는 14개, 분지수는 3.5개, 협수는 82개, 그리고 100립중은 10.2 g의 소립종이다(Figs. 4, 5).
내도복⋅내탈립 및 내병충성
‘신바람’의 내도복성⋅내탈립성 및 내병충성을 대조품종인 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비교한 결과, 내도복성은 ‘2’로 대조품종에 비해 다소 강하였으며, 협개열성도 포장검정에서 ‘2’, 실내검정에서 40.4%로 대조품종에 비해 강하였다(Table 2).
내병충성 검정결과에서는 불마름병은 시험포장에서 ‘1’, 인공접종에서 ‘2’로 나타나 대조품종과 비슷한 수준을 나타내었고, 콩모자이크바이러스는 포장에서 ‘1’로 대조품종과 같았으며, G6H 인공접종시 접종엽에서는 국부 괴저가 나타났고, 상위엽에서는 모자이크 병징이 나타나 다소 약한 것으로 조사되었다. 검은뿌리썩음병은 ‘0’으로 평가되었고, 자반병⋅갈반병⋅미이라병 모두 0.0% 수준을 보여 대조품종에 비해 강하였다(Table 3).
종실 품질 및 콩나물 가공 적성
‘신바람’의 종실 조단백질 함량은 38.7%, 조지방 함량은 18.4%이었고, 그 중 포화지방산은 14.1%, 불포화지방산은 85.9%로 분석되었으며 이소플라본은 2,553 µg/g으로 대조품종과 비슷한 수준을 나타내었다(Table 4).
‘신바람’의 콩나물 특성 평가 결과 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비교 하였을 때 발아세는 81.9%, 발아율은 92.8%, 불완전발아율은 3.1%, 경실립률은 0.0%, 부패율은 0.2%로 조사되었다. 콩나물 전장은 20.7 cm, 배축장은 10.7 cm, 근장은 10.0 cm, 배축 직경은 2.23 mm, 그리고 수율은 629%로 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 83%p 높은 것으로 조사되었다(Table 5, Fig. 6).
수량성
‘신바람’은 2016년 부터 2017년 까지 2년간 실시한 생산력검정시험에서 3.58 ton/ha-1의 평균수량을 보여 3.54 ton/ha-1의 평균수량을 나타낸 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비슷한 결과를 보였다(Table 6). 2018년~2020년 전국 4개 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험 결과에서는 전국 평균 2.71 ton/ha-1으로 ‘풍산나물콩’에 비해 92% 수준을 보였다(Table 7).
가공업체 평가
‘신바람’의 가공업체 평가 중 발아특성은 완전립률(발아율)은 99.8%로 조사되어 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비슷한 수준을 보였고, 콩나물 특성의 경우 전장 20.3 cm, 배축장 11.4 cm, 배축굵기는 2.55 mm로 ‘풍산나물콩’에 비해 각각 2.1 cm, 0.9 cm, 0.07 mm 높게 조사되었다. 수율의 경우 892%로, ‘풍산나물콩’에 비해 92%p 높게 조사되었다(Table 8). 또한 가공업체 평가의 경우 설문조사를 한 결과 4개업체 평균 종자특성은 5.5점, 발아특성은 6.0점, 콩나물외관은 8.0점, 관능특성은 5.0점, 상품성은 9.0점으로 종합 6.7점으로 ‘풍산나물콩’ 6.0점에 비해 높게 조사되었다(Table 9).
‘신바람’은 성숙기와 줄기 건조가 빠르고 도복에 강해 일시 수확에 좋을 것으로 판단되나, 탈립이 다소 있기에 수확손실을 최소화 하기 위해서는 적정한 시기에 수확해야 한다. 또한 가공업체들과 진행한 평가에서 좋은 점수를 받았기 때문에 현장에서 요구하는 품질수준을 만족하여 수요가 있을 것으로 보인다.
‘신바람’은 ‘풍산나물콩’(IT263156)과 HS1371-49-2-2 계통을 모본으로 2010년 인공교배하여 계통육종법으로 개발한 품종이다. 2016~2017년 생산력검정시험에서 수량을 검정하였고, 2018~2020년에는 수원, 나주, 달성, 제주에서 지역적응시험을 수행하여 지역별 적응성과 재배 안정성을 평가하였다.
‘신바람’은 유한신육형으로 엽형은 피침형, 꽃색은 자색, 모용색은 회색, 협색은 황색이며 종실모양은 소립 구형으로 백립중이 10.2 g으로 ‘풍산나물콩’에 비해 0.9 g정도 가벼우며, 종피색과 배꼽색은 황색을 나타내었다. 개화기는 8월 4일, 성숙기는 10월 9일로 ‘풍산나물콩’에 비해 각각 2일, 5일 빠르고, 경장은 46 cm, 착협고는 10 cm, 마디수는 14개, 분디수는 3.5개, 협수는 82개로 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다.
내병성 검정결과에서는 불마름병, 검은뿌리 썩음병, 이병립율 등은 모두 강한편이었으며, 모자이크바이러스의 경우 G6H 접종시 접종엽은 국부괴저, 상위엽은 모자이크 증상이 나타났으나 3년간의 검정포장에서 진행한 검정결과에서는 강한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 발아특성은 발아세, 발아율 그리고 물콩비율 모두 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비슷하거나 우수하였고, 콩나물 특성 역시 ‘풍산나물콩’에 비해 불완전발아율, 경실립률, 부패율은 낮게 나타났으며 수율은 83%p 높은 것으로 나타났다.
수량성은 2년간의 생산력검정시험에서는 3.58 ton/ha로 풍산나물콩 대비 1% 증수되었고, 3년간의 지역적응시험 결과에서는 4개지역 평균 2.71 ton/ha로 ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 8% 낮았다. 또한 가공업체 설문평가에서는 종합 6.7점으로 풍산나물콩 6.0점에 비해 높은 것으로 조사되었다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원의 연구사업(과제명: 콩 가공적성 및 기능성 향상 신품종 육성, 과제번호: PJ014839032024)의 지원으로 수행되었습니다.
Fig. 1
Genealogy of ‘Sinbaram’.
kjbs-57-1-39-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Pedigree diagram of ‘Sinbaram’, zPreliminary yield trial, yAdvanced yield trial.
kjbs-57-1-39-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Soybean sprout growing machine.
kjbs-57-1-39-f3.jpg
Fig. 4
Appearance of ‘Sinbaram’ (Left) and ‘Pungsannamulkong’ (Right).
kjbs-57-1-39-f4.jpg
Fig. 5
Comparison of seeds between two cultivars (Left: ‘Sinbaram’, Right: ‘Pungsannamulkong’).
kjbs-57-1-39-f5.jpg
Fig. 6
Comparison of soybean sprout between two cultivars (Left: ‘Sinbaram’, Right: ‘Pungsannamulkong’).
kjbs-57-1-39-f6.jpg
Table 1
Morphological characteristics of ‘Sinbaram’.
Table 1
Cultivar Growth
habit		 Leaflet
shape		 Flower
color		 Pubescence color Seed
coat color		 Hilum
color		 Seed
shape
Sinbaram Determinate Lanceolate Purple Grey Yellow Yellow Spherical
Pungsannamulkong Determinate Lanceolate Purple Grey Yellow Yellow Spherical
Table 2
Quantitative characteristics of ‘Sinbaram’ determined by regional yield in 4 regions from 2018 to 2020.
Table 2
Cultivar Flowering Maturity Plant height
(cm)		 First Pod height (cm) No. of nods No. of branches No. of Pods 100-seed weight (g) Lodging at field (1-9)z Shattering
Field (1-9)y Ratio by
oven test (%)
Sinbaram 8.4 10.9 46 10 14 3.5 82 10.2 2 2 40.4
Pungsannamulkong 8.6 10.14 50 9 15 4.3 89 11.1 4 4 95.4
t-valuex -1.15ns 1.09ns -2.03ns -1.99ns -0.86ns -1.2ns

z(1)Tolerant - (9)Susceptible

y(1)No shattering - (9)Easy to shattering

xns means ‘non-significant’ between Sinbaram and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test

Table 3
The resistance of ‘Sinbaram’ to the soybean diseases estimated from 2018 to 2020.
Table 3
Cultivar Bacterial pustule (0-9)z Root rot (0-9)y Soybean mosaic virusx Percentages of damaged seed (%)y
Field Inoculation Inoculation Field (0-9)z Purple seed stain Seed mottling Phomopsis seed decay Pod borer damage
G6H
Sinbaram 1 2 0 L-N / M 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pungsannamulkong 0 1 0 L-N / - 1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

z(0)Tolerant - (9)Susceptible

yRoot rot and Damaged seed that were naturally infected in the field were estimated.

xReaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, (-)No symptom, (L-N)Local reaction, (V)Vein reaction, (M)Mosaic.

Table 4
Major component of seed in ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2018 to 2020.
Table 4
Cultivar Crude Protein (%) Crude Oil
(%)		 Fatty acids (%) Isoflavone
(µg/g)
Saturated Unsaturated
Total Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid
Sinbaram 38.7 18.4 14.1 85.9 22.5 55.1 8.3 2,553
Pungsannamulkong 40.1 18.0 14.4 85.6 24.1 52.8 8.7 2,555
t-valuez -2.31ns 0.67ns -0.48ns 0.48ns -1.11ns 2.35ns -0.60ns -0.00ns

zns means ‘non-significant’ between Sinbaram and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test

Table 5
Characteristics of sprouts of ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2018 to 2020.
Table 5
Cultivar 2-day Germination Rate (%) 5-day Germination Rate (%) Whole length (cm) Hypocotyl length (cm) Root length (cm) Hypocotyl thickness (mm) Hard seed rate (%) Decayes seed rate (%) Soy-sprout yield (%)
Sinbaram 81.9 92.8 20.7 10.7 10.0 2.23 0.0 0.2 629
Pungsannamulkong 81.9 91.1 18.3 9.4 8.9 2.12 0.6 3.4 546
t-valuez 0.00ns 0.29ns 1.09ns 2.13ns 0.67ns 0.64ns -1.82ns -1.21ns 1.70ns

zns means ‘non-significant’ between Sinbaram and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test

Table 6
The result of yield trials carried from 2016 to 2017 in milyang.
Table 6
Cultivar Yield (ton/ha-1) Indexx
PYT (‘16)z AYT (‘17)y Mean
Sinbaram 3.55 3.61 3.58 101
Pungsannamulkong 3.39 3.69 3.54 100

z(PYT) Preliminary yield trial, y(AYT) Advanced yield trial, x(Index) (Mean yield of Sinbaram/mean yield of Pungsannamulkong) * 100

Table 7
The result of regional yield trials carried from 2018 to 2020 in 4 regions.
Table 7
Yield (ton/ha-1)
Location Sinbaram Pungsannamulkong
2018 2019 2020 Mean Index 2018 2019 2020 Mean
Suwon 3.46 2.93 3.38 3.26 96 3.73 3.27 3.24 3.41
Naju 3.91 3.37 3.24 3.51 94 4.36 3.44 3.36 3.72
Dalseong 2.25 2.87 3.18 2.77 100 2.55 2.62 3.17 2.78
Jeju 2.12 0.85*z 0.90* 1.29 67 2.78 1.70 1.32 1.93
Mean 2.93 2.51 2.68 2.71 92 3.35 2.76 2.77 2.96
t-valuey -0.68ns

zTyphoon and rainy season damage

yns means ‘non-significant’ between Sinbaram and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test

Table 8
Characteristics of sprouts of ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2019 to 2020.
Table 8
Cultivar Germination rate (%) 100seed weight (g) Whole length (cm) Hypocotyl length (cm) Root length (cm) Hypocotyl thickness (mm) Soy-sprout yield (%)
Sinbaram 99.8 10.9 20.3 11.4 8.9 2.55 892
Pungsannamulkong 99.8 11.4 18.2 10.5 7.8 2.48 800
Table 9
Sprouts characteristics survey scores of ‘Sinbaram’ in 2019 to 2020.
Table 9
Cultivar Characteristics of seed Characteristics of germination Sprouts appearance Sensory attributes Marketable attributes Total
Sinbaram 5.5 6.0 8.0 5.0 9.0 6.7
Pungsannamulkong 5.5 6.0 6.5 5.0 7.0 6.0
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A Soybean Cultivar ‘Sinbaram’ With High Seed Quality and Sprout Characteristics
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(1):39-48.   Published online March 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2025.57.1.39
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A Soybean Cultivar ‘Sinbaram’ With High Seed Quality and Sprout Characteristics
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(1):39-48.   Published online March 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2025.57.1.39
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A Soybean Cultivar ‘Sinbaram’ With High Seed Quality and Sprout Characteristics
Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Genealogy of ‘Sinbaram’.
Fig. 2 Pedigree diagram of ‘Sinbaram’, zPreliminary yield trial, yAdvanced yield trial.
Fig. 3 Soybean sprout growing machine.
Fig. 4 Appearance of ‘Sinbaram’ (Left) and ‘Pungsannamulkong’ (Right).
Fig. 5 Comparison of seeds between two cultivars (Left: ‘Sinbaram’, Right: ‘Pungsannamulkong’).
Fig. 6 Comparison of soybean sprout between two cultivars (Left: ‘Sinbaram’, Right: ‘Pungsannamulkong’).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

A Soybean Cultivar ‘Sinbaram’ With High Seed Quality and Sprout Characteristics

Morphological characteristics of ‘Sinbaram’.

Cultivar Growth
habit		 Leaflet
shape		 Flower
color		 Pubescence color Seed
coat color		 Hilum
color		 Seed
shape
Sinbaram Determinate Lanceolate Purple Grey Yellow Yellow Spherical
Pungsannamulkong Determinate Lanceolate Purple Grey Yellow Yellow Spherical

Quantitative characteristics of ‘Sinbaram’ determined by regional yield in 4 regions from 2018 to 2020.

Cultivar Flowering Maturity Plant height
(cm)		 First Pod height (cm) No. of nods No. of branches No. of Pods 100-seed weight (g) Lodging at field (1-9)z Shattering
Field (1-9)y Ratio by
oven test (%)
Sinbaram 8.4 10.9 46 10 14 3.5 82 10.2 2 2 40.4
Pungsannamulkong 8.6 10.14 50 9 15 4.3 89 11.1 4 4 95.4
t-valuex -1.15ns 1.09ns -2.03ns -1.99ns -0.86ns -1.2ns

The resistance of ‘Sinbaram’ to the soybean diseases estimated from 2018 to 2020.

Cultivar Bacterial pustule (0-9)z Root rot (0-9)y Soybean mosaic virusx Percentages of damaged seed (%)y
Field Inoculation Inoculation Field (0-9)z Purple seed stain Seed mottling Phomopsis seed decay Pod borer damage
G6H
Sinbaram 1 2 0 L-N / M 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pungsannamulkong 0 1 0 L-N / - 1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

Major component of seed in ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2018 to 2020.

Cultivar Crude Protein (%) Crude Oil
(%)		 Fatty acids (%) Isoflavone
(µg/g)
Saturated Unsaturated
Total Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid
Sinbaram 38.7 18.4 14.1 85.9 22.5 55.1 8.3 2,553
Pungsannamulkong 40.1 18.0 14.4 85.6 24.1 52.8 8.7 2,555
t-valuez -2.31ns 0.67ns -0.48ns 0.48ns -1.11ns 2.35ns -0.60ns -0.00ns

Characteristics of sprouts of ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2018 to 2020.

Cultivar 2-day Germination Rate (%) 5-day Germination Rate (%) Whole length (cm) Hypocotyl length (cm) Root length (cm) Hypocotyl thickness (mm) Hard seed rate (%) Decayes seed rate (%) Soy-sprout yield (%)
Sinbaram 81.9 92.8 20.7 10.7 10.0 2.23 0.0 0.2 629
Pungsannamulkong 81.9 91.1 18.3 9.4 8.9 2.12 0.6 3.4 546
t-valuez 0.00ns 0.29ns 1.09ns 2.13ns 0.67ns 0.64ns -1.82ns -1.21ns 1.70ns

The result of yield trials carried from 2016 to 2017 in milyang.

Cultivar Yield (ton/ha-1) Indexx
PYT (‘16)z AYT (‘17)y Mean
Sinbaram 3.55 3.61 3.58 101
Pungsannamulkong 3.39 3.69 3.54 100

The result of regional yield trials carried from 2018 to 2020 in 4 regions.

Yield (ton/ha-1)
Location Sinbaram Pungsannamulkong
2018 2019 2020 Mean Index 2018 2019 2020 Mean
Suwon 3.46 2.93 3.38 3.26 96 3.73 3.27 3.24 3.41
Naju 3.91 3.37 3.24 3.51 94 4.36 3.44 3.36 3.72
Dalseong 2.25 2.87 3.18 2.77 100 2.55 2.62 3.17 2.78
Jeju 2.12 0.85*z 0.90* 1.29 67 2.78 1.70 1.32 1.93
Mean 2.93 2.51 2.68 2.71 92 3.35 2.76 2.77 2.96
t-valuey -0.68ns

Characteristics of sprouts of ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2019 to 2020.

Cultivar Germination rate (%) 100seed weight (g) Whole length (cm) Hypocotyl length (cm) Root length (cm) Hypocotyl thickness (mm) Soy-sprout yield (%)
Sinbaram 99.8 10.9 20.3 11.4 8.9 2.55 892
Pungsannamulkong 99.8 11.4 18.2 10.5 7.8 2.48 800

Sprouts characteristics survey scores of ‘Sinbaram’ in 2019 to 2020.

Cultivar Characteristics of seed Characteristics of germination Sprouts appearance Sensory attributes Marketable attributes Total
Sinbaram 5.5 6.0 8.0 5.0 9.0 6.7
Pungsannamulkong 5.5 6.0 6.5 5.0 7.0 6.0
Table 1 Morphological characteristics of ‘Sinbaram’.
Table 2 Quantitative characteristics of ‘Sinbaram’ determined by regional yield in 4 regions from 2018 to 2020.

z(1)Tolerant - (9)Susceptible

y(1)No shattering - (9)Easy to shattering

xns means ‘non-significant’ between Sinbaram and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test

Table 3 The resistance of ‘Sinbaram’ to the soybean diseases estimated from 2018 to 2020.

z(0)Tolerant - (9)Susceptible

yRoot rot and Damaged seed that were naturally infected in the field were estimated.

xReaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, (-)No symptom, (L-N)Local reaction, (V)Vein reaction, (M)Mosaic.

Table 4 Major component of seed in ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2018 to 2020.

zns means ‘non-significant’ between Sinbaram and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test

Table 5 Characteristics of sprouts of ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2018 to 2020.

zns means ‘non-significant’ between Sinbaram and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test

Table 6 The result of yield trials carried from 2016 to 2017 in milyang.

z(PYT) Preliminary yield trial, y(AYT) Advanced yield trial, x(Index) (Mean yield of Sinbaram/mean yield of Pungsannamulkong) * 100

Table 7 The result of regional yield trials carried from 2018 to 2020 in 4 regions.

zTyphoon and rainy season damage

yns means ‘non-significant’ between Sinbaram and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test

Table 8 Characteristics of sprouts of ‘Sinbaram’ estimated from 2019 to 2020.
Table 9 Sprouts characteristics survey scores of ‘Sinbaram’ in 2019 to 2020.

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Table 9

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