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뿌리가 작고 근육이 단단하며 채종이 잘 되는 무 계통 ‘원교10045호’ 육성

장하영1, 박민영2, 이정수3, 박수형2,*

The Development of a Small and Hard Root-Bearing Inbred Line, ‘Wonkyo10045ho,’ with Weak Self-Incompatibility (Raphanus sativus L.)

Ha-Young Jang1, Min Young Park2, Jung-Soo Lee3, Suhyoung Park2,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(1):48-54.
Published online: March 1, 2019

광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부

국립원예특작과학원 채소과

국립원예특작과학원 저장유통연구팀

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*(E-mail: psh@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-6622, Fax: +82-63-238-6605)
• Received: November 20, 2018   • Revised: February 11, 2019   • Accepted: February 22, 2019

Copyright: © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • The radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of the major vegetables of Korea and is consumed as the main ingredient of kimchi. To improve the texture of radish kimchi, herbs, and soup, we attempted to develop a cultivar with a hard texture. Using species native to Jeju Island, we bred ‘Wonkyo10045ho’ which produces short, elliptically shaped roots with a hard texture. Generation progress was made via the self-fertilization method using bud pollination. We selected individuals with good horticultural characteristics from each of five generations grown from 2006 to 2010. Finally, in 2015, the line was named ‘Wonkyo10045ho’, and the granting of plant variety rights (Grant number 6527) was certified in 2017 following an application for the protection of new plant varieties (application number 2015-398). The root characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho,’ include an oval shape, mixed white and green root skin, and a white inner root color. ‘Wonkyo10045ho’ had a sugar content of 4.9 Brix, with excellent sweetness, good taste, and strong pithiness. The average number of seeds per plant obtained via pollination by bees in a small net house was 609.1, suggesting that the strength of its self-incompatibility was not strong and male sterility might be advantageous. Therefore, it is expected that this variety will be useful as a material for improving the competitiveness of domestic farmers and for stable radish exports.
  • Keywords: Wonkyo10045ho; radish; inbred line; self-incompatibility; seed yield
무(Raphanus sativus L.)는 배추과(십자화과)에 속하는 채소로, 원산지는 중국, 지중해 연안 등으로 보고되었으나 한국에서 전통적으로 김치의 주재료로 오랫동안 재배되었다. 2017년 국내 가을무 재배면적은 6,003 ha로 전년 5,414 ha보다 589 ha (10.9%) 증가했다. 가을 일반무는 2016년도 4,769 ha에서 2017년도 5,210 ha로 441 ha (9.3%)가 증가했고, 가을 알타리무는 2016년도 645 ha에서 2017년도 792 ha로 147 ha (22.8%)가 증가했다(KOSIS, 2017a). 작년 가을무 생산량은 45만8천 톤으로 전년보다 14.2% 증가하였고, 10a당 생산량이 3.0% 증가하여 전년보다 5만7천톤 증가하였다(KOSIS, 2017b). 한국에서 개발된 무 품종은 종자의 순도가 높고 특성이 안정적으로 발현되어 70년대 초부터 일본에 수출되기 시작하여, 현재는 일본, 중국, 동남아 및 인도 등에 수출하여 2017년도 기준 무가 9,157천US$를 수출하여 채소 종자 수출액의 18%를 차지하였고 29%를 차지하는 고추 다음으로 수출금액이 높다(KOSA, 2017).
종자 수출 금액을 살펴보면 2006년에는 5,242천US$, 5년 후인 2010년도에는 오히려 감소하여 3,835천US$이었으나, 2014년에 와서는 8,898천US$로 상승세를 회복하게 되었다. 2010년 무렵에는 거대 시장인 중국 시장의 진출이 과잉 경쟁의 양상으로 치달으며, 설상가상으로 중국의 품종 개발 노력과 맞물려 저가 공세를 펴서라도 시장을 확보해야 하는 상황이었기 때문으로 해석된다. 한국의 원예종자 수출입 실적을 살펴보면, 2017년도 기준 수출은 무가 9,157천US$로 2번째로 높은 금액을 나타냈으며, 수입 또한 8,654천US$로 무가 3번째로 많았다. 이는 순수입인 1,236천US$보다도 해외 채종 수입이 7,417천US$로 많이 이루어져 수입금액이 높은 것으로 판단된다(KOSA, 2017).
무는 1년 내내 수확할 수 있는 작물로, 수확 시기에 따라 봄무, 여름무, 가을무, 겨울무로 나눌 수 있다. 봄무는 표면이 매끈하고 단단한 형질이 좋아 깍두기를 담가 먹기에 좋고, 가을무는 김장에 사용되며, 겨울무는 당분이 많고 조직이 단단하여 동치미 용도로 적합하다. 일반적으로 무의 이화학적 특성 중 수분, 회분함량은 가을무보다 봄무가 높고, 당도와 경도는 봄무보다 가을무가 높다고 알려져 있다(Huh et al. 2003). 무는 깍두기, 쌈무, 동치미, 단무지 등 다양한 용도로 이용되는데, 이 중 당도와 경도는 무 품종의 이용효율을 증대시키기 위해 무의 품질에 크게 영향을 미치는 요인이다. 전반적으로 외형적으로는 기계적 처리와 수율이 좋고, 화학적으로는 수분함량은 적고 당도와 당함량은 높으며, 물리적으로는 경도가 높고 가공 저장시 경도가 높아 어느정도 질김성이 있는 품종이 선호도가 높다(Ryu et al. 2000).
무는 다른 주요 배추과채소와 비슷하게 포자체형 자가불화합(Sporophytic self-incompatibility)을 나타내며, 자가불화합(SI)은 S-locus 복대립유전자들에 의하여 좌우된다(Bateman 1995). 무 재배품종에서는 20여개 이상의 S-locus 복대립유전자들이 보고되었다(Bateman 1995, Okazaki & Hinata 1984). 분자표지를 이용한 SI 검정 방법은 국립원예특작과학원 채소과에서 주로 연구를 하였는데, 24개 계통의 S-locus glycoprotein (SLG)과 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하였고(Lim et al. 2002), PCR-RFLP 방법을 이용하여 24개의 S-locus 복대립유전자를 검정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다(Lim et al. 2006). 이후 Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) 분자표지를 이용한 SI 검정방법을 개발하였고(Chung et al. 2009), Ahn et al. (2014)은 22개의 SCAR 분자표지를 이용한 SI 검정방법을 개발하였다.
국내에서 육성된 품종의 자가불화합 인자형을 살펴보면 classI과 classII에 속하는 소수의 인자형으로 분포되어 있다. 무 유전자원, 육성계통 및 시판품종의 S-haplotype의 분포 조사 결과, 66점의 유전자원에서는 20개의 S-haplotype이, 국립원예특작과학원에서 보유하고 있는 육성계통 35점에서는 12개의 S-haplotype이, 시판품종 92점에서는 21개의 S-haplotype이 있는 것으로 조사되었다(Ha et al. 2016). 유전자원에서는 S21 , S214 , S29 가, 육성계통에서는 S17 , S9 , S21 이, 시판품종에서는 S3 , S4 , S5 가 가장 많았다. 이들 공시재료 193점에 대해서는 총 22개의 S-haplotype이 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 전체적으로 S21 과 S4 , S3 이 각각 12.1%, 11.4%, 7.7%로 가장 많이 분포한 반면에 S22 , S11 , S26 이 각각 1.2%, 1.9%, 1.9%로 전체 공시재료 중 가장 출현빈도가 낮았다. 무는 협당 종자수가 적어 육종 모본의 개발과 증식에 자가불화합이 너무 강하면 뇌수분에 많은 노력과 비용이 소모된다. 따라서 국립원예특작과학원 채소과에서는 순도가 높고 원예적 특성이 고정되었으며, 채종이 용이한 계통을 개발하여 민간 회사에 기술을 이전코자 육종을 수행하였다.
육종 소재는 2005년에 제주 온난화농업기술센터와 공동으로 재래종 자원 등 제주 지역의 무를 수집하여 이용하였다. 수집된 자료 389점은 채소과에서 일주일계통법(single seed descent)으로 개체별로 종자를 증식하였다. 2006년에 증식에 성공한 53점을 가을 노지 포장에서 재배하여 원예적 특성을 조사하였다. 매 세대 원예적 특성 조사 후 선발된 개체는 가온 하우스(3°C이상으로 관리)로 이식되어 이듬해 봄에 개화하였을 때 뇌수분으로 종자를 증식하였다. 2007년부터 2010년까지 특성평가, 선발 및 종자 증식을 수행하였고, 2010년 포장 품평회를 통하여 민간 육종가와 공동으로 계통을 선발하였다.
뇌수분에 의한 세대진전
식물체별로 뇌수분을 통하여 50립 이상의 종자를 채종함을 목표로 100개의 봉오리를 수정하였다. 뇌수분용 식물체는 파종 후 본엽이 5매 정도 자랐을 때 춘화처리(5°C, 10주간)한 후 온실로 옮겨 지름 12 cm의 화분에 정식하여 개화를 유도하였다. 화분 정식 후 15일후부터 양액으로 관리하며 개화를 유도하였다. 정식 후 추대가 발생하면 1차 추대는 제거하여 여러 개의 2차 추대를 유도한 후 지지대를 세워서 추대가 꺾이지 않도록 관리하면서 교배를 실시하였다. 뇌수분은 꽃봉오리의 길이가 5 mm 정도로 아직 개화하지 않은 봉오리의 윗부분을 제거하고 봉지 안에서 개화된 동일한 개체의 화분을 이용하여 수분한 후 다시 일주일간 봉지를 씌워 오염 수분을 방지하였다. 뇌수분 후 50-60일이 지나 꼬투리 색이 옅어지면 수확하여 공기가 통하는 봉지에 담아 하우스 베드 위에 펼쳐놓고 완전히 건조되면 꼬투리를 깨뜨려 채종하였다.
SI타입 분석
‘원교10030호’부터 ‘원교10045호’까지 각 계통별로 1~6개체씩 SLGI, SLGII, SRKI의 프라이머를 사용하여 증폭시켰다. 1차 실험에 사용된 primer는 SRK5 /SRK3 의 조합이었고, 재 실험에 사용된 primer는 SRK -25293/SRK3 의 조합을 사용하였다. RFLP-PCR 기법으로 증폭한 후 반응산물을 direct-sequencing한 결과를 NCBI에 Blasting하여 SI 인자형을 판별하였다.
원예적 특성 평가
종자가 성공적으로 증식된 육성된 계통의 원예적 특성을 평가하기 위해 국립원예특작과학원 채소과 노지 포장에서 가을에 재배하였다. 재배 방법은 무 표준재배법에 준하여 재배하였으며, 검은색 멀칭 필름으로 피복 하고 점적관수를 실시하였다. 파종은 9월 1일~5일 경에 실시하였으며, 특성조사는 국립종자원의 무 특성조사요령(UPOV 기준)과 농촌진흥청 시험 연구 설계서의 조사기준에 준하여 11월 10일~30일 사이에 실시하였다.
육성경위
육질이 단단하고 채종이 잘되는 계통을 육성하기 위하여 단지무 등 월동이 가능한 자생종 무가 발견되는 제주지역 자원을 수집하여 품종을 육성하였다(Fig. 1). 수집된 자원은 수원의 시험재배 포장에서 재배를 하였으며, 원예적 특성이 양호한 개체를 선발하여 뇌수분을 이용하여 세대를 진전하였다. 5개년 동안 특성이 양호한 개체를 선발하여 뇌수분 하는 방법으로 세대를 진전한 결과, ‘원교10045호’를 육성하게 되었다. ‘원교10045호’는 2011년, 2012년, 2013년의 총 3번에 걸쳐 특성검정이 이루어졌으며 2011년 육성 후 2014년까지 재배 결과 1차 증식 후인 2012년 재배시 뿌리가 짧고 근피가 매끈하며 지상부도 촘촘한 특성이 안정적으로 발현되어 대조인 서호무의 긴 뿌리 및 지상부와 차이를 보였다. 2차 증식후인 2013년 재배시에도 뿌리와 지상부의 고유 특성이 안정적으로 발현되었고, 최종 증식후인 2014년 생육 중기와 생육 후기에 안정성 확인 결과 육성당시의 특성이 안정적으로 발현되었다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.
KJBS_51_48_fig_1.jpg
육성 계통은 소형망실에서 벌교배 채종립수가 주당 609.1립(2013, 2014, 2015년 평균 채종립수)으로 많아 자가불화합의 강도는 강하지 않은 것으로 생각되나, 뇌수분을 통한 채종립수는 주당 236.7립으로 벌교배에 비하여 뇌수분의 채종립수가 적었다. 최종 증식된 종자는 2015년도에 ‘원교10045호’로 명명하여 품종보호출원(출원 2015-398)하여 2017년도에 품종보호등록(6527)이 완료되었다.
생육특성
‘원교 10045호’는 대조구인 서호무에 비하여 육질이 단단하고 바람들이에강하며 당도가 높아 맛과 식감이 좋은 품종이다. 지하부는 표피가 매끈하며, 서호무보다 길이는 짧고, 근육이 단단하며 뿌리 끝맺힘이 우수하다(Fig. 2). 지상부는 잎의 결각이 있으며, 서호무보다 길이가 짧고, 폭도 좁으며 더 작은 수를 형성한다. ‘원교10045호’의 원예적 특성으로는 근형은 단타원형으로 엽형은 절엽형이고 근피색은 백색과 녹색의 조합이며 근육색은 백색이다(Table 1). ‘원교 10045호’는 지상부와 지하부 전체 무게가 559 g으로 대조인 ‘서호무’의 2,231 g보다 작았으며, 뿌리 무게도 439 g으로 대조의 1,862 g보다 작았고, 뿌리의 길이는 13.6 cm로 대조의 22.1 cm보다 짧았다(Table 2). 근폭은 잎과 닫는 부위인 상부의 지름이 40 mm로 대조의 67 mm보다 좁았으며, 가장 두꺼운 부위의 지름은 9 mm로 대조의 14 mm보다 좁았고, 끝부분인 하부의 지름은 21 mm로 대조의 29 mm보다 좁았다(Table 2). ‘원교 10045호’의 엽수는 22.3매로 대조인 ‘서호무’의 34.9매보다 적었으며, 잎의 길이는 21.4 cm로 대조의 28.5 cm보다 짧았다(Table 3). ‘원교10045호’의 당도는 4.65 brix로 대조의 4.81 brix 비슷하였고, 바람들이가 대조의 2.4에 비해 2.1로 낮아 상품의 품질도 우수하며 유통하기도 편리하여 최종 선발되었다(Table 3). 그러나 Table 3의 지상부 특성은 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다.
Fig. 2
The horticultural traits of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’ root.
KJBS_51_48_fig_2.jpg
Table 1
Morphological characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.
Table 1
  Cultivar Coloration of skin Shape Color of flesh Leaf blade: lobes Plant shape
Wonkyo10045ho Bi-colored Short-elliptic White Present Semi-erect
Seohogoldeu Bi-colored Elliptic White Present Semi-erect
Table 2
Variable root characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.
Table 2
Cultivar Survey period Plant: weight (g) * Weight (g) * Height (cm) * Width (mm)
Top * Middle * Bottom *
Wonkyo10045ho 2011 441.6± 37.9 360.0± 36.4 13.2± 0.7 33.6± 1.0 7.8± 0.5 22.0± 1.7
2012 696.6± 34.3 564.3± 29.0 13.2± 1.1 44.6± 3.9 9.0± 0.8 21.0± 2.5
2013 540.0± 36.6 393.8± 37.9 14.3± 1.8 40.6± 1.2 8.8± 0.3 19.3± 1.0
Average 559.4± 74.2 439.4± 63.2 13.6± 0.4 39.6± 3.2 8.5± 0.4 20.8± 0.8
Seohogoldeu 2011 1,753.2± 163.9 1,485.8± 152.1 20.0± 0.8 61.8± 1.7 12.6± 0.2 33.0± 2.4
2012 2,417.6± 157.2 2,026.6± 125.5 22.4± 0.9 67.4± 2.2 14.2± 0.2 30.6± 1.6
2013 2,522.0± 87.0 2,072.6± 101.0 23.8± 1.0 70.8± 1.6 15.6± 0.4 23.6± 1.5
Average 2,230.9± 240.8 1,861.7± 188.4 22.1± 1.1 66.7± 2.6 14.1± 0.9 29.1± 2.8

*Significance level at p<0.05.

Table 3
Variable shoot characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.
Table 3
Cultivar Survey period Leaf Pithiness z Brix degree
Number Length (cm)
Wonkyo10045ho 2011 17.8±0.5 22.8±0.7 1.0±0.0 4.62±0.1
2012 25.7±0.6 22.3±0.5 2.1±0.5 4.98±0.2
2013 23.4±0.5 19.0±0.7 3.1±0.1 4.34±0.3
Average 22.3±2.3 21.4±1.2 2.1±0.6 4.65±0.2
Seohogoldeu 2011 22.8±0.7 36.2±0.4 2.2±0.8 5.30±0.2
2012 40.6±1.1 23.2±0.9 2.0±0.6 3.94±0.1
2013 41.2±0.5 26.2±1.8 3.0±0.0 5.18±0.1
Average 34.9±6.0 28.5±3.9 2.4±0.3 4.81±0.4

zPithiness (0; none, 1; weak, 2; discolor, 3; pithiness start, 4; diameter less than 1 mm hole, 5; diameter less than 3 mm hole, 6; diameter less than 5 mm hole, 7; formation of less than 2 holes, 8; formation of less than 3 holes, 9; formation of large pore)

SI타입 분석
무 ‘원교10045호’의 SI타입은 염기서열 분석결과 S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK)으로 밝혀져 SLG ClassII에 속하였다(Table 4). ‘원교10045호’와 같은 SI타입을 가진 무로는 ‘원교10031호’, ‘원교10033호’, ‘원교10034호’, ‘원교10037호’, ‘원교10038호’, ‘원교10042호’, ‘원교10043호’로 밝혀졌다. S1 SRK를 가진 무로는 ‘원교10030호’와 ‘원교10032호’가 있었으며 이들은 SLG ClassI에 속하였다. ‘원교10040호’와 ‘원교10044호’는 S8 SRK의 SI타입을 가지며 이들은 SLG ClassII에 속하였다. 특이적으로 ‘원교10036호’는 S20 SRK의 SI 타입을 가지고 있어 SLG ClassI에 속했고, ‘원교10039호’는 S1 과 S8 의 2가지 SRK를 가지고 있어 SLG Class I, II에 모두 해당하였다.
Table 4
SI type identification using blasting analysis of inbred lines.
Table 4
  Cultivar    Description (E-value) Highest identity (%)  SLG Class
Wonkyo 10030ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S1 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052579) 99 SLG ClassⅠ
Wonkyo 10031ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10032ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S1 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052579) 99 SLG ClassⅠ
Wonkyo 10033ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 100 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10034ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10036ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S20 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY534537) 100 SLG ClassⅠ
Wonkyo 10037ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 100 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10038ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10039ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S1 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052579) 100 SLG ClassⅠ
Raphanus sativus haplotype S8 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052583) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10040ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S8 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052583) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10042ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 86 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10043ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10044ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S8 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052583) 100 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10045ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
채종특성
‘원교10030호’부터 ‘원교10045호’까지 벌망을 이용한 2013, 2014, 2015년의 3년 평균 주당 채종량은 ‘원교10045호’가 609.1립으로 다른 원교 품종에 비하여 월등히 높았다(Fig. 3). 대체적으로 ‘원교10045호’와 같이 SI타입 중 S10 SRK의 SLG ClassII에 속하는 품종들 중 ‘원교10033호’, ‘원교10034호’, ‘원교10037호’, ‘원교10038호’가 뇌수분 보다 벌망을 이용한 채종량이 높은 편에 속하였다(Tabel 4, Fig. 3). 그러나 벌망을 이용한 채종량은 P-값이 0.34로 유의성이 없어, P-값이 0.005로 유의성을 갖는 뇌수분 방법을 이용한 주당 채종량은 ‘원교10043호’가 3년평균 414.3립으로 2015년도 239립, 2014년도 408.4립, 2013년도 595.6립으로 3년 연속 가장 높았으며, ‘원교10045호’는 3년 평균 236.7립으로 2번째로 높은 채종량을 보여주었다(Fig. 3). 그러나 3년 평균의 결과로는 년도별로 편차가 커서 유의성이 없다고 나와 2014년만 비교한 결과(Table 5), ‘원교10045호’가 벌망과 뇌수분 방법을 이용한 주당 채종량이 가장 많았다. 또한, ‘원교10040호’가 벌망 채종량이 2번째로 많았고, 뇌수분 채종량은 ‘원교10043호’가 가장 많은 결과를 보여주었다. 이렇듯 SI타입과 SLG Class 분류만으로는 정확하게 채종 특성이 설명되기는 어렵고, 무의 채종량에는 SI인자의 활력과 그 밖의 강우빈도, 강수량, 날씨 등의 환경조건까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.
Fig. 3
The production of seeds using bee or bud pollination in radish inbred lines for 3 years (’13, ’14 and ’15).
KJBS_51_48_fig_3.jpg
Table 5
Numbers of harvested seeds using bee and bud pollination in 3 years.
Table 5
  Cultivar Bee-pollination Bud-pollination *
2013 2014 2015 Average 2013 2014 2015 Average
Wonkyo 10030ho 23.4 289.1 18.3 110.3± 89.4 72.3 107.8 60.5 80.2± 14.2
Wonkyo 10031ho 138.7 47.0 62.8 82.8± 28.3 73.4 137.0 51.8 87.4± 25.6
Wonkyo 10032ho 121.6 130.5 11.5 87.9± 38.3 54.2 58.4 4.3 39.0± 17.4
Wonkyo 10033ho 291.5 473.5 10.3 258.4± 134.7 69.3 64.4 21.3 51.7± 15.2
Wonkyo 10034ho 318.2 476.2 83.1 292.5± 114.2 133.7 287.4 47.0 156.0± 70.3
Wonkyo 10036ho 28.6 53.5 6.0 29.4± 13.7 81.7 454.8 182.0 239.5± 111.5
Wonkyo 10037ho 322.3 789.8 26.3 379.5± 222.2 98.6 98.9 67.7 88.4± 10.4
Wonkyo 10038ho 169.1 223.6 33.3 142.0± 56.6 12.3 109.7 16.1 46.0± 31.8
Wonkyo 10039ho 30.4 60.8 1.0 30.7± 17.2 18.8 83.2 12.5 38.1± 22.6
Wonkyo 10040ho 132.9 1173.4 8.1 438.1± 369.4 98.9 79.7 10.3 63.0± 26.9
Wonkyo 10043ho 157.1 162.8 1.5 107.1± 52.8 239.0 408.4 595.6 414.3± 103.0
Wonkyo 10044ho 54.1 234.4 9.8 119.0± 68.7 226.8 335.2 25.8 195.9± 90.6
Wonkyo 10045ho 514.3 1233.1 80.0 609.1± 336.2 228.7 404.6 76.9 236.7± 94.7

*Significance level at p<0.05.

무(Raphanus sativus)는 한국의 주요 채소 중 하나로 김치의 주재료로 소비된다. 무 김치, 나물, 국 등의 식감을 개선하기 위해 육질이 단단한 무를 육성코자 하였으며, 제주 지역 재래종을 이용하여 근형이 타원형으로 짧고 육질이 단단한 ‘원교10045호’를 육성하였다. 세대진전은 뇌수분에 의한 자가수정 방법으로 2006년부터 2010년까지 5세대 진전시켰으며 원예적 특성이 양호한 개체를 매 세대마다 선발하였다. 최종적으로 2015년도에 ‘원교10045호’로 명명하여 품종보호출원(출원 2015-398)하여 2017년도에 품종보호등록(6527)이 완료되었다. ‘원교10045호’의 지하부의 원예적 특성으로는 근형은 단타원형으로 근피색은 백색과 녹색의 조합이며 근육색은 백색이다. ‘원교10045호’는 당도가 4.7 brix로 단맛이 뛰어나고 식미가 우수하여 바람들이에 강하였다. 소형망실에 벌을 이용한 채종립수가 609.1립으로 많아 자가불화합의 강도는 강하지 않은 것으로 판단되어 웅성불임성의 도입에 유리하다. 따라서 본 품종이 보급될 경우 국내 무 재배 농가의 경쟁력 향상 및 무의 안정적 수출을 위한 소재로서 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.
본 논문은 농림수산식품부 GSP 채소종자 사업단의 연구과제(과제번호: 213006-05-2-SBO10)에 의해 이루어졌습니다.
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The Development of a Small and Hard Root-Bearing Inbred Line, ‘Wonkyo10045ho,’ with Weak Self-Incompatibility (Raphanus sativus L.)
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(1):48-54.   Published online March 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.1.48
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The Development of a Small and Hard Root-Bearing Inbred Line, ‘Wonkyo10045ho,’ with Weak Self-Incompatibility (Raphanus sativus L.)
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(1):48-54.   Published online March 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.1.48
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The Development of a Small and Hard Root-Bearing Inbred Line, ‘Wonkyo10045ho,’ with Weak Self-Incompatibility (Raphanus sativus L.)
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.
Fig. 2 The horticultural traits of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’ root.
Fig. 3 The production of seeds using bee or bud pollination in radish inbred lines for 3 years (’13, ’14 and ’15).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

The Development of a Small and Hard Root-Bearing Inbred Line, ‘Wonkyo10045ho,’ with Weak Self-Incompatibility (Raphanus sativus L.)

Morphological characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.

  Cultivar Coloration of skin Shape Color of flesh Leaf blade: lobes Plant shape
Wonkyo10045ho Bi-colored Short-elliptic White Present Semi-erect
Seohogoldeu Bi-colored Elliptic White Present Semi-erect

Variable root characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.

Cultivar Survey period Plant: weight (g) * Weight (g) * Height (cm) * Width (mm)
Top * Middle * Bottom *
Wonkyo10045ho 2011 441.6± 37.9 360.0± 36.4 13.2± 0.7 33.6± 1.0 7.8± 0.5 22.0± 1.7
2012 696.6± 34.3 564.3± 29.0 13.2± 1.1 44.6± 3.9 9.0± 0.8 21.0± 2.5
2013 540.0± 36.6 393.8± 37.9 14.3± 1.8 40.6± 1.2 8.8± 0.3 19.3± 1.0
Average 559.4± 74.2 439.4± 63.2 13.6± 0.4 39.6± 3.2 8.5± 0.4 20.8± 0.8
Seohogoldeu 2011 1,753.2± 163.9 1,485.8± 152.1 20.0± 0.8 61.8± 1.7 12.6± 0.2 33.0± 2.4
2012 2,417.6± 157.2 2,026.6± 125.5 22.4± 0.9 67.4± 2.2 14.2± 0.2 30.6± 1.6
2013 2,522.0± 87.0 2,072.6± 101.0 23.8± 1.0 70.8± 1.6 15.6± 0.4 23.6± 1.5
Average 2,230.9± 240.8 1,861.7± 188.4 22.1± 1.1 66.7± 2.6 14.1± 0.9 29.1± 2.8

Significance level at p<0.05.

Variable shoot characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.

Cultivar Survey period Leaf Pithiness z Brix degree
Number Length (cm)
Wonkyo10045ho 2011 17.8±0.5 22.8±0.7 1.0±0.0 4.62±0.1
2012 25.7±0.6 22.3±0.5 2.1±0.5 4.98±0.2
2013 23.4±0.5 19.0±0.7 3.1±0.1 4.34±0.3
Average 22.3±2.3 21.4±1.2 2.1±0.6 4.65±0.2
Seohogoldeu 2011 22.8±0.7 36.2±0.4 2.2±0.8 5.30±0.2
2012 40.6±1.1 23.2±0.9 2.0±0.6 3.94±0.1
2013 41.2±0.5 26.2±1.8 3.0±0.0 5.18±0.1
Average 34.9±6.0 28.5±3.9 2.4±0.3 4.81±0.4

Pithiness (0; none, 1; weak, 2; discolor, 3; pithiness start, 4; diameter less than 1 mm hole, 5; diameter less than 3 mm hole, 6; diameter less than 5 mm hole, 7; formation of less than 2 holes, 8; formation of less than 3 holes, 9; formation of large pore)

SI type identification using blasting analysis of inbred lines.

  Cultivar    Description (E-value) Highest identity (%)  SLG Class
Wonkyo 10030ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S1 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052579) 99 SLG ClassⅠ
Wonkyo 10031ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10032ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S1 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052579) 99 SLG ClassⅠ
Wonkyo 10033ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 100 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10034ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10036ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S20 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY534537) 100 SLG ClassⅠ
Wonkyo 10037ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 100 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10038ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10039ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S1 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052579) 100 SLG ClassⅠ
Raphanus sativus haplotype S8 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052583) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10040ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S8 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052583) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10042ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 86 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10043ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10044ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S8 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052583) 100 SLG ClassⅡ
Wonkyo 10045ho Raphanus sativus haplotype S10 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene, partial cds (GenBank: AY052585) 99 SLG ClassⅡ

Numbers of harvested seeds using bee and bud pollination in 3 years.

  Cultivar Bee-pollination Bud-pollination *
2013 2014 2015 Average 2013 2014 2015 Average
Wonkyo 10030ho 23.4 289.1 18.3 110.3± 89.4 72.3 107.8 60.5 80.2± 14.2
Wonkyo 10031ho 138.7 47.0 62.8 82.8± 28.3 73.4 137.0 51.8 87.4± 25.6
Wonkyo 10032ho 121.6 130.5 11.5 87.9± 38.3 54.2 58.4 4.3 39.0± 17.4
Wonkyo 10033ho 291.5 473.5 10.3 258.4± 134.7 69.3 64.4 21.3 51.7± 15.2
Wonkyo 10034ho 318.2 476.2 83.1 292.5± 114.2 133.7 287.4 47.0 156.0± 70.3
Wonkyo 10036ho 28.6 53.5 6.0 29.4± 13.7 81.7 454.8 182.0 239.5± 111.5
Wonkyo 10037ho 322.3 789.8 26.3 379.5± 222.2 98.6 98.9 67.7 88.4± 10.4
Wonkyo 10038ho 169.1 223.6 33.3 142.0± 56.6 12.3 109.7 16.1 46.0± 31.8
Wonkyo 10039ho 30.4 60.8 1.0 30.7± 17.2 18.8 83.2 12.5 38.1± 22.6
Wonkyo 10040ho 132.9 1173.4 8.1 438.1± 369.4 98.9 79.7 10.3 63.0± 26.9
Wonkyo 10043ho 157.1 162.8 1.5 107.1± 52.8 239.0 408.4 595.6 414.3± 103.0
Wonkyo 10044ho 54.1 234.4 9.8 119.0± 68.7 226.8 335.2 25.8 195.9± 90.6
Wonkyo 10045ho 514.3 1233.1 80.0 609.1± 336.2 228.7 404.6 76.9 236.7± 94.7

Significance level at p<0.05.

Table 1 Morphological characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.
Table 2 Variable root characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.

Significance level at p<0.05.

Table 3 Variable shoot characteristics of ‘Wonkyo10045ho’.

Pithiness (0; none, 1; weak, 2; discolor, 3; pithiness start, 4; diameter less than 1 mm hole, 5; diameter less than 3 mm hole, 6; diameter less than 5 mm hole, 7; formation of less than 2 holes, 8; formation of less than 3 holes, 9; formation of large pore)

Table 4 SI type identification using blasting analysis of inbred lines.
Table 5 Numbers of harvested seeds using bee and bud pollination in 3 years.

Significance level at p<0.05.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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