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다수성 중생 찰기장 ‘청풍찰’

윤건식1,*, 이재웅1, 황세구1, 김익제1, 홍성택1, 고지연2, 최규환3, 김용순4, 김홍식5

A High-Yielding and Medium Maturing Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Variety ‘Cheongpungchal’

Geon-Sig Yun1,*, Jae-Wung Lee1, Se-Gu Hwang1, Ik-Jei Kim1, Seong-Taeg Hong1, Jee-Yeon Ko2, Gyu-Hwan Choi3, Yong-Soon Kim4, Hong-Sig Kim5
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(1):55-60.
Published online: March 1, 2019

충북농업기술원 작물연구과

국립식량과학원 남부작물부

전라북도농업기술원

전라남도농업기술원,

충북대학교 식물자원학과

Chungcheongbukdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, 28130, Korea

National Institute Crop Science, RDA, 50424, Korea

Jellabukdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 54591, Korea

Jellanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 58213, Korea

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*(E-mail: lothmv@korea.kr, Tel: +82-43-220-5562, Fax: +82-43-220-5549)
• Received: February 7, 2019   • Revised: February 12, 2019   • Accepted: February 17, 2019

Copyright: © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • To satisfy the health needs of consumers and enhance the yields of producers, a grain crop ‘Cheongpungchal’ (Panicum miliaceum L.) with many common names, including proso millet, was collected from a landrace in Danyang, Chungbuk province and developed using a pure-line selection method. ‘Cheongpungchal’, which has a brown seed coat, has characteristics of a medium-maturing variety, requiring 102 days from sowing to harvesting. The variable growth characteristics included a stem length of 155 cm on average and length of ears 38.4 cm on average. As for the yield-related characteristics, the average number of spikes per plant was 3.8, the ear weight per plant was 11.8 g, and the rough millet thousand-grain weight averaged 5.17 g. The results of a regional adaptation test in 5 regions of Korea for three years revealed the yield of ‘Cheongpungcha’l to be 38% higher than that of the ‘Hwanggeumgijang’ variety, representing the best yield from among existing varieties. The total polyphenolic content of ‘Cheongpungchal’ was 32% higher than that of the ‘Hwanggeumgijang’ variety, and the antioxidant activity was 63% greater than that of ‘Hwanggeumgijang’. As a result of this research, ‘Cheongpungchal’ has been registered as a variety (grant number No. 6964) with the Korea Seed and Varieties Service in 2018 following filing for breed protection in 2016.
기장(Proso milet, Panicum miliaceum L.)은 외떡잎식물 벼목 화본과에 속하는 한해살이 풀이다. 중앙아시아를 중심으로 중국 북동부, 인도 서북부 및 이란 동부까지 기원지로(Ha & Lee 2001, MFAFF & RDA 2011), 유럽에서는 기원전 4,000~8,000년 경 전래되어 신석기시대에 광범위하게 재배되었고, 중세에서는 서민들 주식인 죽으로 이용될 만큼 중요한 작물이었다(MFAFF & RDA 2011). 우리나라에서는 세종실록지리지에서 기장을 오곡에 포함시켰고, 민간에서는 술, 떡 등으로 식용으로 널리 이용하였으며, 현재는 건강식품에 대한 기호도가 증가하면서 기장에 대한 소비자 구입액과 구입비중이 점차 증가하고 있다(Choi et al. 2016).
기장은 주성분은 당질로 쌀보다 소화율은 낮지만 단백질, 지방질, 무기성분이 풍부한 것으로 나타났으며(An. 1999), 추출물을 이용한 항당뇨 시험에서 혈당상승을 유발하는 α-아밀라제와 α-글루코시다제 활성을 50%이상 억제하는 항당뇨 효과와(Sa et al. 2010), 전립선 암세포를 이용한 암세포 증식 억제활성 결과에서 기장 추출물이 암세포증식을 억제하는 효능이 확인되었다(Kim et al. 2016). 이외에도 세균성 염증 유발물질인 지질다당류(LPS) 억제로 인한 항염증 효과(Zhang et al. 2014), 고지혈증 억제(Park et al. 2011), 만성위장장애 억제효과(Kalinova 2007)등 다양한 건강과 관련된 기능성이 보고되고 있다.
기장의 품종육성은 수수처럼 아직 체계적인 육종이 이루어지지 않아 순계분리에 의해 육종을 하고 있으며, 수량성, 수확 안정성, 종실크기 증대, 찰성 선발 및 내도복성 등의 목표로 연구가 진행되고 있다(Yoon et al. 2010). 현재까지 육성된 품종은 황금, 다강, 칠월찰, 이백찰, 만홍찰, 황실찰, 금실찰 등의 7개 품종이 개발되어 있다. 이들 품종들은 재래종에서 순계분리한 품종으로 황실찰과 황금기장을 제외한 대부분은 생육기간이 110일 미만으로 짧은 특성을 갖고 있기 때문에 동계작물인 양파, 마늘, 보리 등의 동계작물과 쉽게 이모작 용도로 결합할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하지만, 현재까지 기장의 재배면적과 생산량이 늘어나지 않고 있는데(Ko et al. 2015), 이에 대한 원인으로는 다른 밭작물에 비해 수량성이 상대적으로 낮고, 생산단계에서 조류 피해, 이모작을 위한 작목선택의 제한성, 개화기 강우에 의한 불임발생, 탈곡과 도정시설의 경제적인 비용과 더불어 최종적으로 잡곡 소비량이 일정하지 않기 때문에 농가에서 재배를 꺼려하고 있는 실정이다.
이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는, 환경에 안정적인 다수성 품종 육성과, 건강과 관련하여 항산화활성이 높고 폴리페놀과 같은 기능성 성분이 풍부한 품종개발로 소비자의 기호성을 증진할 필요가 있다. 또한 생육기를 최대한 단축시켜 농가가 다양한 작목과의 이모작를 손 쉽게 결합해서 농가의 소득을 향상시킬 수 있어야 한다. 그래서 충북농업기술원은 수량성과 이모작 적응성이 높고, 기능성 물질이 풍부한 충북지역의 재래종을 순계분리한 ‘청풍찰’을 2016년 품종보호 출원하여, 2018년 최종 품종등록이 되었기에, 그 육성경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
기장 종자는 유전자원센터(K254095)에서 종자를 분양 받아 사용하였으며, 순계분리 및 특성검정 3년, 생산력검정은 2011~2012년도 까지 충북농업기술원에서 수행하였고, 지역적응시험은 2013~2015년 까지 밀양, 수원, 청주, 익산, 나주 등 전국 5개 지역에서 ‘황금기장’을 표준품종으로 하여 난괴법 3반복으로 수행하였다. 파종은 6월 8일에 폿트에 파종하여 14일 정도 육묘하여, 시험포장에 비닐 멀칭 후 이식하였다. 재식거리는 60X15 cm로 주당 2본을 포장에 정식하였고, 시비량은 N-P2O2-K2O를 9-7-8 kg/10 a로 전량 밑거름 시용하였다. 고유 특성으로는 잎색, 지엽의 안토시아닌 색, 이삭 밀도, 종실색을, 생육특성으로 간장, 수장, 출수기, 수확기, 생육기간을 조사하였다. 수량관련 특성으로는 주당수수, 이삭무게, 천립중을, 내병충성으로는 세균성줄무늬병, 도열병, 줄무늬잎마름병, 조명나방 포장발병 정도를 0~9로 조사하였고, 이는 농촌진흥청 연구조사분석기준(RDA 2012)에 의거하였다.
‘청풍찰’의 영양성분과 기능성성분은 국립식량과학원 남부작물부 잡곡육종실에서 실시하였으며, 세부 과정은 다음과 같다. 먼저 배유특성은 요오드 분석법을 이용해 찰성검정을 실시하였고(Pederson et al. 2004), 영양성분은 단백질, 무기성분을, 기능성은 폴리페놀과 항산화활성을 조사하였다. 조단백 함량은 Kjeldahl 분석기(2300 Kjeltec Analyzer Unit, FOSS Tecator, Hoeganaes, Sweden)을 이용하였다. 아밀로스 함량은 적색파장에서 흡광도를 비색계(Multiskan Spectrum, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vantaa, Finland)를 이용하여 620 nm에서 측정하였고, 표준품으로 pure potato amylose (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA)를 이용하여 정량하였다(Ko et al. 2018). 항산화성분은 동결 건조된 시료를 80% 에탄올로 진탕 추출하여 총 폴리페놀은 catechin equivalent (CE)로, DPPH, ABTS 라디컬 소거활성은 trolox equivalent (TE)로 표현하였다(Choi et al. 2006).
육성경위
‘청풍찰은’ 수량성이 높고, 기능성물질이 풍부하면서 충북지역에 적응성이 높은 찰기장을 육성하고자 2007년 국립농업과학원 유전자원센터로부터 단양 재래종인 K254095을 분양 받아, 순계분리 방법을 통해 육성하였다. 2008~2010년까지는 개체선발을 통한 순계분리를 실시하였고, 최종 분리된 계통을 ‘충북22호’로 명명하고, 2011~2012년 생산력검정 시험 후 지역적응시험에 공시하여 전국 5개지역에서 3년간 생육특성과 생산성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 수량성과 지역적응성이 우수하여 2015년 농촌진흥청 농작물직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 보호출원품종으로 선정 후 2016년 국립종자원에 품종보호출원하여 대비품종과의 구별성, 균일성, 안정성, 신규성 등 2년간의 재배심사에 걸쳐 결격사유가 없어 최종 2018년 품종보호 등록되었으며, 품종 육성과정은 Fig. 1과 같다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of new proso millet variety ‘Cheongpungchal’.
KJBS_51_55_fig_1.jpg
성숙기 및 생육기간
‘청풍찰’의 출수기는 8월 3일로 ‘황금기장’에 비하여 10일 늦고, 성숙기는 15일 늦은 편이며, 생육일수는 ‘황금기장’에 비해 15일 늦은 102일로 나타났다(Table 1). 이는 보통기 재배에서 중만생종 ‘이백찰’기장의 생육일수 109일(Ko et al. 2015)과 비교하여 7일 빠른 중생종의 특징을 나타낸다. 보통 충북지역의 평야지 동계맥류 파종적기가 10월 5일~15일 것을 고려해 보면(Ha 2000), 충분히 동계작물과 이모작이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.
Table 1
Heading date, maturing date, growth period and characteristics of basic vegetation period of ‘Cheongpungchal’ and ‘Hwanggeumgijang’ at local adaptability test (LAT x ).
Table 1
  Variety   Seeding date (mm.dd) Heading date y (mm.dd) Maturing date (mm.dd) Growth period Z (days) Characteristic by basic vegetation period
Cheongpungchal 6.08 8.03a 9.18a 102a medium
Hwanggeumgijang 6.08 7.24b 9.03b 87b medium

zGrowth period indicates days grow seedlings to maturing

yThe same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

xLocal adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

잎과 줄기
‘청풍찰’의 엽색은 녹색이고 지엽의 안토시아닌 색소 발현은 ‘황금기장’이 있는 반면 ‘청풍찰’은 없으며, 지엽의 길이는 중간이다. 줄기의 직경은 8.5 cm로 ‘황금기장’보다 1.4 cm 두꺼웠다(Table 2). 줄기 길이는 155 cm로 ‘황금기장’에 비해 9 cm 컸으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고(Table 2), 도복에서도 차이는 없었다(Table 3). 하지만 도복지수를 고려할 때 파종기 조절을 통한 도복 최소화에 대한 방법이 간구되어야 한다.
Table 2
Leaf and culm characteristics of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).
Table 2
  Variety Leaf color Anthocyanin in flag leaf Length of flag leaf Culm
Length z (cm) Width (mm)
Cheongpungchal Green No medium 155a 8.5a
Hwanggeumgijang Green Yes medium 146a 7.9a

zThe same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

yLocal adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Table 3
Reaction to lodging tolerance, major disease and insect of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT x ).
Table 3
  Variety Field lodging z (0-9) Damage index y by disease and insect
Bacterial stripe Sheath blight Rice stripe and virus Corn borer
Cheongpungchal 5 3 0 1 3
Hwanggeumgijang 5 5 0 1 1

zLoging degree: 1~5%, 1; 6~10%, 3; 11~50%, 5; 54~75%, 7; over 76%, 9

yDisease and insect degree: symptomless, 0; below 1% of diseased panicle, 1; 1~5%, 3; 6~25%, 5; 26~50%, 7; over 50%, 9

xLocal adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

이삭과 낟알
‘청풍찰’의 이삭 길이는 ‘황금기장’보다 2.6 cm 큰 38.4 cm 이고, 이삭의 형태는 하수형이며 이삭 낟알의 밀도는 조밀하였다. 종피의 색깔은 ‘황금기장’과 비슷한 갈색계통이었지만 짙었으며, 도정 후 낟알의 색깔은 노란색으로 동일하였다. 배유의 특성은 ‘황금기장’과 동일한 찰성을 나타냈다(Table 4).
Table 4
Panicle and grain characteristics of ‘Cheongpungchal’ and ‘Hwanggeumgijang’.
Table 4
  Variety Panicle Spikelet Density Seed coat color Dehusked grain color Endosperm
Length z (cm) Type
Cheongpungchal 38.4a Droopy Dense Dark brown Yellow Glutinous
Hwanggeumgijang 35.8b Droopy Medium　 Light brown 　 Yellow Glutinous

zThe same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

내병충성
기장의 생육 초기 다습한 환경에서 발병하여 고사까지 이르게 하는 세균성줄무늬병의 발생은 ‘황금기장’에 비해서 ‘청풍찰’이 3으로 저항성으로 나타났다. 잎집무늬병과 줄무늬잎마름병에 대해서는 저항성이었으며, 잎집을 가해해 가해부위 위의 식물체를 고사케 하는 조명나방 피해는 ‘황금기장’보다 높았다(Table 4).
기능성물질과 항산화활성
‘청풍찰’의 조단백은 10.2 g/100g으로 황금기장에 비해 1.5 g/100g 높았다. 항산화성분인 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 ‘황금찰’ 대비 각각 33%와 14% 높은 815 μgGAE/g과 257 μgCE/g 이었다. 항산화활성 비교를 위한 ‘청풍찰’의 ABTS 라디컬 소거능은 91.2 mgTE/g, DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 25.6 mgTE/g으로 ‘황금기장’ 대비 각각 33.4 mgTE/g, 16.1 mgTE/g 높아, 전반적으로 기능성물질과 항산화활성이 ‘황금기장’에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 아밀로스 함량은 8.8%로 배유가 찰성을 나타냈으나, 아밀로스 함량에 있어서 ‘황금기장’과의 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(Table 5).
Table 5
Functional component and antioxidant activity of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).
Table 5
  Variety Crude protein (g/100g) Polyphenol contents (μgGAE/g) Flavonoids contents (μgCE/g) Radical scavenging activity (mgTE/g) Amylose contents (%)
DPPH ABTS
Cheongpungchal 10.2az 815a 257a 41.7a 91.2a 8.8a
Hwanggeumgijang 8.7b 617b 225b 25.6b 57.8b 7.7a

zThe same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

yLocal adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

수량구성요소와 수량성
2011년~2012년까지 생산력검정 결과 ‘청풍찰’은 2.11 MT/ha로 ‘황금기장’ 1.89 MT/ha에 비해 수량성이 12% 증가하였다(Table 6). 2013년~2015년까지 전국 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험 결과에서도 평균수량이 ‘황금기장’의 1.90 MT/ha에 비하여 38% 증가한 2.63 MT/ha를 나타났으며(Table 7), 지역별로 나주지역에서 8%부터 높게는 밀양의 63%까지 ‘황금기장’에 비하여 전국적으로 수량이 높게 증수되었다. ‘청풍찰’의 주당 이삭수는 천립중은 ‘황금기장’과 차이는 없었지만 이삭당 종실중이 1.7 g 높아(Table 8) 높은 수량을 나타낸 것으로 판단된다. 다만 2013년 나주지역에서는 재배시기 강우로 인한 불임발생으로 ‘황금기장’ 수량의 97% 수준이었다.
Table 6
Grain yield potential of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at replicated yield trial (RYT) (CBARES in Cheongju, ’11~’12).
Table 6
  Variety Grain yield (MT/ha)
2011 2012 Mean index
Cheongpungchal 2.16 2.05 2.11az 112
Hwanggeumgijang 1.82 1.95 1.89b 100

zThe same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 7
Grain yield potential of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).
Table 7
  Variety Cheongju Milyang Suwon Iksan Naju Mean Index
(MT/ha)
Cheongpungchal 3.07 2.80 2.02 2.56 2.71 2.63az 138
Hwanggeumgijang 2.17 1.72 1.32 1.80 2.51 1.90b 100

zThe same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

yLocal adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Table 8
Yield component analysis of new sorghum variety ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).
Table 8
  Variety No. of panicle/plant Weight of grain/panicle (g) 1,000-grain Weight (g)
Cheongpungchal 　3.8az 11.8a　 5.17a　
Hwanggeungijang 3.8a 10.1b 5.29a

zThe same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

yLocal adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

적응지역 및 재배상 유의점
‘청풍찰’은 강원 산간지를 제외한 전국이 재배 가능지역이다. 재배상에 있어서 키가 크기 때문에 질소비료 과다시용으로 인한 도복문제가 발생할 수 있으므로 적정시비가 요망되며, 습해에 약하므로 배수불량지는 재배를 지양해야 한다. 생육초기 스프링쿨러 관수시 세균성줄무늬병이 확산될 수 있으므로 유의해야 하며, 조기재배시 새 피해가 우려되므로 방조망 설치 등 대책수립이 요구된다.
‘청풍찰’은 충북지역 기장 재배농가의 생산성 향상과 건강기능성에 초점을 맞추어 육성한 품종으로, 단양에서 수집된 재래기장을 기본집단으로 분리육종법을 통해서 2015년 육성된 품종이다. 파종부터 성숙까지 생육일수가 102일 소요되는 중생종으로, 줄기의 길이는 155 cm고, 이삭의 형태는 하수형이며, 이삭낟알의 밀도는 조밀하다. 종피는 짙은 갈색이며, 배유의 아밀로스 함량이 8.8%인 찰성을 나타낸다. 기능성물질로 조단백, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 등 물질이 황금기장에 비해 각각 17%, 33%, 14% 높게 나타났으며, 항산화할성(ABTS)도 63% 증가하여 기능성분과 항산화 활성이 기존 품종에 비하여 우수하였다. 수량성은 생산력검정시험에서 2.11 MT/ha, 전국지역적응시험에서는 2.63 MT/ha 로 ‘황금기장’ 대비 각각 12%, 38% 증가한 다수성 품종이다. 이제까지 개발된 재래종에서 순계분리한 기장 품종 중에서 ‘청풍찰’은 수량이 가장 많고, 기능성물질까지 풍부한 품종으로 앞으로 농가 재배면적 확대와 소비자의 기호성을 증진을 목적으로 활용하고자 한다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ009283032019)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것이며, 본 품종을 육성함에 있어 협력하여 주신 국립식량과학원 남부작물부 및 국립농업과학원 농업유전자원센터 관계관과 지역적응시험 담당자께 깊은 감사를 드립니다.
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A High-Yielding and Medium Maturing Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Variety ‘Cheongpungchal’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(1):55-60.   Published online March 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.1.55
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A High-Yielding and Medium Maturing Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Variety ‘Cheongpungchal’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(1):55-60.   Published online March 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.1.55
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A High-Yielding and Medium Maturing Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Variety ‘Cheongpungchal’
Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of new proso millet variety ‘Cheongpungchal’.

Fig. 1

A High-Yielding and Medium Maturing Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Variety ‘Cheongpungchal’

Heading date, maturing date, growth period and characteristics of basic vegetation period of ‘Cheongpungchal’ and ‘Hwanggeumgijang’ at local adaptability test (LAT x ).

  Variety   Seeding date (mm.dd) Heading date y (mm.dd) Maturing date (mm.dd) Growth period Z (days) Characteristic by basic vegetation period
Cheongpungchal 6.08 8.03a 9.18a 102a medium
Hwanggeumgijang 6.08 7.24b 9.03b 87b medium

Growth period indicates days grow seedlings to maturing

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Leaf and culm characteristics of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).

  Variety Leaf color Anthocyanin in flag leaf Length of flag leaf Culm
Length z (cm) Width (mm)
Cheongpungchal Green No medium 155a 8.5a
Hwanggeumgijang Green Yes medium 146a 7.9a

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Reaction to lodging tolerance, major disease and insect of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT x ).

  Variety Field lodging z (0-9) Damage index y by disease and insect
Bacterial stripe Sheath blight Rice stripe and virus Corn borer
Cheongpungchal 5 3 0 1 3
Hwanggeumgijang 5 5 0 1 1

Loging degree: 1~5%, 1; 6~10%, 3; 11~50%, 5; 54~75%, 7; over 76%, 9

Disease and insect degree: symptomless, 0; below 1% of diseased panicle, 1; 1~5%, 3; 6~25%, 5; 26~50%, 7; over 50%, 9

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Panicle and grain characteristics of ‘Cheongpungchal’ and ‘Hwanggeumgijang’.

  Variety Panicle Spikelet Density Seed coat color Dehusked grain color Endosperm
Length z (cm) Type
Cheongpungchal 38.4a Droopy Dense Dark brown Yellow Glutinous
Hwanggeumgijang 35.8b Droopy Medium　 Light brown 　 Yellow Glutinous

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Functional component and antioxidant activity of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).

  Variety Crude protein (g/100g) Polyphenol contents (μgGAE/g) Flavonoids contents (μgCE/g) Radical scavenging activity (mgTE/g) Amylose contents (%)
DPPH ABTS
Cheongpungchal 10.2az 815a 257a 41.7a 91.2a 8.8a
Hwanggeumgijang 8.7b 617b 225b 25.6b 57.8b 7.7a

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Grain yield potential of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at replicated yield trial (RYT) (CBARES in Cheongju, ’11~’12).

  Variety Grain yield (MT/ha)
2011 2012 Mean index
Cheongpungchal 2.16 2.05 2.11az 112
Hwanggeumgijang 1.82 1.95 1.89b 100

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Grain yield potential of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).

  Variety Cheongju Milyang Suwon Iksan Naju Mean Index
(MT/ha)
Cheongpungchal 3.07 2.80 2.02 2.56 2.71 2.63az 138
Hwanggeumgijang 2.17 1.72 1.32 1.80 2.51 1.90b 100

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Yield component analysis of new sorghum variety ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).

  Variety No. of panicle/plant Weight of grain/panicle (g) 1,000-grain Weight (g)
Cheongpungchal 　3.8az 11.8a　 5.17a　
Hwanggeungijang 3.8a 10.1b 5.29a

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Table 1 Heading date, maturing date, growth period and characteristics of basic vegetation period of ‘Cheongpungchal’ and ‘Hwanggeumgijang’ at local adaptability test (LAT x ).

Growth period indicates days grow seedlings to maturing

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Table 2 Leaf and culm characteristics of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Table 3 Reaction to lodging tolerance, major disease and insect of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT x ).

Loging degree: 1~5%, 1; 6~10%, 3; 11~50%, 5; 54~75%, 7; over 76%, 9

Disease and insect degree: symptomless, 0; below 1% of diseased panicle, 1; 1~5%, 3; 6~25%, 5; 26~50%, 7; over 50%, 9

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Table 4 Panicle and grain characteristics of ‘Cheongpungchal’ and ‘Hwanggeumgijang’.

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 5 Functional component and antioxidant activity of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Table 6 Grain yield potential of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at replicated yield trial (RYT) (CBARES in Cheongju, ’11~’12).

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 7 Grain yield potential of ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

Table 8 Yield component analysis of new sorghum variety ‘Cheongpungchal’ at local adaptability test (LAT y ).

The same letters are not significantly different between varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Local adaptability test was conducted in five regions of Korea for three years (’13~’15)

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