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콩에서 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 유전분석

고홍민1, 서보윤2, 김경혜1, 김지민1, 이택림1, 허진호1, 정지영1, 정진교3, 강성택1,*

Genetic Analysis of Foxglove Aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach) Resistance in Soybeans

Hong-Min Koh1, Bo Yoon Seo2, Kyung Hye Kim1, Ji-Min Kim1, Taeklim Lee1, Jinho Heo1, Jiyeong Jung1, Jinkyo Jung3, Sungteag Kang1,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(4):354-361.
Published online: December 1, 2020

1단국대학교 생명자원과학부

2국립농업과학원

3국립식량과학원

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: kangst@dankook.ac.kr, Tel: +82-41-550-3621)
• Received: September 21, 2020   • Revised: September 21, 2020   • Accepted: September 26, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • Recent climate changes have resulted in high temperatures, a greater frequency of flooding, and outbreaks of various plant diseases and insect pests, the latter of which has been characterized by a change in pest type from crop chewing to sap-sucking insects. To date, however, there has been limited study of plant resistance to sap-sucking insects. This study was carried out to evaluate the resistance and genetic patterns of the foxglove aphid Aulacorthum solani, a sap-sucking pest of soybean. We investigated the growth and reproduction of the foxglove aphid on five different varieties of soybean showing either susceptibility or resistance to this aphid in a non-choice test. Genetic analysis was conducted using the two F2 populations derived from Daepung (susceptible to foxglove aphid)×IT104704 (resistant to foxglove aphid) and Daepung×IT188399 (resistant to foxglove aphid) crosses, which were evaluated for their responses to foxglove aphids. Differences in the responses of resistant and susceptible varieties were confirmed by monitoring aphid growth and reproduction. Although the two resistant germplasms (IT104704 and IT188399) have a strong antibiosis effect, they showed a slight difference with respect to aphid viability. Genetic analysis of foxglove aphid resistance showed that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in IT104704 (3:1, p=0.11). We accordingly identified two resistant resources showing antibiosis to foxglove aphid, which is reported here for the first time, and also detected differences in genetic behavior. These results could be useful not only with respect to securing materials showing resistance to the foxglove aphid but also in the breeding of new foxglove aphid-resistant soybean cultivars.
기후변화의 영향으로 이산화탄소와 메탄 등의 농도 변화에 따라 지구의 평균 기온이 2100년까지 약 2.8-4.8℃까지 상승해 작물생육에 악영향을 끼치는 홍수, 폭염, 폭풍 및 돌발 병해충 등의 발생 증가로 미래 식량안보에 매우 부정적인 영향을 끼칠 것으로 전망하고 있다(Pachauri et al. 2014). 또한 환경 변화에 따라 작물 재배지에서 우점해충의 변화가 일어나고 있는데(Bansal et al. 2013), 과거 미국 해충의 경우 나비와 나방 같은 식엽성 해충류가 주를 이뤘으나 점차 진딧물이나 노린재 같은 흡즙성 해충류의 발생이 많아지고 있다(Bansal et al. 2013). 추후, 국내에서도 점차 노린재나 진딧물과 같은 흡즙성 해충류가 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 노린재목(目)에 속하는 노린재과(科)와 진딧물과의 곤충들은 대부분 흡즙으로 먹이활동을 한다. 그 중 진딧물은 온대지방과 열대지방에 주로 분포하며 전 세계 4,000여종, 국내에는 약 300여종이 알려져 있다. 진딧물은 식물에 기생하며 계절에 따라 유⋅무성생식을 통해 빠르게 증식하며, 체관부를 통해 흡즙을 하는 동시에 식물체에 바이러스를 매개하고 엽의 황변과 고사, 꼬투리와 종자수를 감소시키며, 심각하게는 식물체 전체를 고사시키는 등의 피해를 입힌다(Suyun et al. 1996).
최근 Christian et al. (2019)은 진딧물이 식물체를 흡즙할 때 주입하는 체액을 Pectin Methyl Esterase로 규명하고, 세포벽 분해효소를 분비하며 흡즙함을 밝혔다. 또한 진딧물에 감염된 식물체에서는 그렇지 않은 식물체에 비해 광합성률이 최대 50%까지 감소한다(Macedo et al. 2003)고 보고하였다. 콩에서 대표적인 진딧물로는 콩진딧물(Aphis glycines Matsumura), 싸리수염진딧물(Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach), 완두수염진딧물(Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris)이 있다. 싸리수염진딧물은 콩, 고추, 상추 등의 기주식물을 가지며 콩위축병 등 40여종의 바이러스를 매개하는 해충으로(Blackman & Eastop 1986), 싸리나무를 숙주식물로 하며 알 형태로 월동 후에 두과작물 등으로 이동 및 증식하며(Dixon 2012), 콩진딧물이나 완두수염진딧물보다 크기와 이동성이 크고, 피해증상 또한 심각하다.
식물과 곤충의 상호작용에서 저항성 종류는 내성(tolerance), 비선호성(antixenosis), 항생성(antibiosis) 이 3가지를 기초로 하며(Ellis 1991), 곤충에 대한 식물의 저항성 검정 방법으로는 Choice와 Non-Choice test 같이 식물의 피해정도를 확인해 저항성을 판단하는 방법과 진딧물의 개체수, 세대 일수 등을 측정해 생존성을 확인하는 방법으로 나눠 볼 수 있다. Choice test는 진딧물이 선호하는 기주를 선발, 저항성 확인이 가능하지만 저항성 유형을 구별은 불가능하다. Kim et al. (2008)은 콩에서 콩진딧물로 Choice test를 진행하여 식물의 유전자형 별로 진딧물의 생존개체수가 유의차를 보임을 밝혔다. 반면 Non-Choice test는 단일 기주로 제한된 상태에서 이뤄지며, 항생성과 저항성 정도를 구별할 수 있다. Hill et al. (2004)은 지름 3.8 cm, 깊이 21 cm의 트레이에서 V1 Stage까지 재배한 식물체에 진딧물을 접종하고 1.2 cm2 면적의 Non-Choice test cage를 덮은 뒤 7일 후 진딧물의 개체 수를 측정하여 20마리를 기준으로 항생성 자원 검정을 진행하였고, Rossi et al. (1998)은 식물체에 진딧물을 접종 후 13일 뒤 진딧물 개체 수를 측정하였다. Harrington (1941)는 완두에서 콩진딧물에 대한 세대 일수 측정으로 저항성 검정을 진행하여 저항성과 감수성 식물체 간의 유의차를 확인하였고, Hesler & Dashiell (2011)는 비선호성 자원 선발하고자 원형 배치한 식물체에 90마리의 콩진딧물 성충을 접종하고 48시간 뒤에 각 식물체의 진딧물을 계수하여 검정하였다. 한편 Lee et al. (2015)은 콩에서 싸리수염진딧물 성충을 V1 Stage에서 접종하여 Total Plant Damage (TPD)와 Primary Infestation leaf Damage (PLD)를 피해엽의 황변정도에 따라 1부터 9까지 등급을 나눠 조사하는 등 진딧물 저항성 검정은 다소 차이는 있으나 접종방법은 유사하였다.
콩에서 진딧물에 대한 저항성 유전분석 관련 연구는 주로 콩진딧물에서 다수 진행되었는데 콩진딧물에 저항성을 갖는 PI200538 (Hill et al. 2009), Jackson (Hill et al. 2006b), Dowling (Hill et al. 2006a)에서 3:1 분리비(p=0.90)로 저항성이 단인자 우성 유전함을 확인하였다. 한편 Mensah et al. (2008)은 콩진딧물에 항생성을 가진 PI 567541B와 PI 567598B에서 두 가지 주요 열성 유전자가 저항성에 관여함을 확인하였다. 진딧물에 대한 저항성을 가지는 자원을 대상으로 식물유래 저항성 물질을 탐색하고자 하는 연구도 일부 진행되고 있는데 Sato et al. (2013)은 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 자원인 Tohoku149에서 아미노산, 중간산물 등의 농도가 높은 것을 확인하였고, Cai et al. (2003)도 다양한 밀 품종으로 보리수염진딧물의 저항성 연구를 진행하여 통계적으로 유의한 페놀 함량 차이를 밝혔다. 또한 잠두(broad bean)에서 아카시아진딧물(cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch)의 저항성 연구에서도 저항성 자원에서 2차 대사산물인 쿠마린의 농도가 높은 것을 확인하였다(Mansour et al. 1982). 또한 우리나라는 콩의 기원지로 다양한 야생콩(Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc)을 포함한 유전자원을 다수 보유하고 있다(Jeong et al. 2019). 뿐 만 아니라 우리나라는 콩진딧물의 유전적 분화에 따른 생물학적⋅유전적 다양성을 가지고 있음을 확인한 바도 있어(Michel et al. 2009) 국내에 다양한 콩 유전자원을 활용하여 진딧물과 같은 다양한 해충에 대한 저항성 자원연구는 시급한 실정이다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 콩에서 발생하는 진딧물연구는 미국을 중심으로 콩진딧물에 대한 연구가 주류를 이루고 콩 가해 주요 해충 중 하나인 싸리수염진딧물에 대한 저항성 연구는 상당히 저조하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 서식하는 싸리수염진딧물을 이용하여 다양한 검정방법을 통해 저항성 자원간 차이점을 확인하고, 이들 저항성 자원을 활용한 유전분석으로 저항성 유전자의 유전양상을 구명함으로서 금후 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 연관물질 탐색 및 저항성 품종개발의 기초자료로 제공하고자 수행하였다.
실험재료
본 실험에 사용한 진딧물은 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부(수원)에서 채집한 진딧물을 분양 받아, 서울대학교 곤충분류학실험실에 의뢰하여 싸리수염진딧물로 분류 동정 받았다. 싸리수염진딧물의 유지 및 증식을 위해 생장상에서 온도 22-25℃, 상대습도 40-60%, 일장 16:8 (light: dark)의 조건 아래 생육환경을 조성하여 대풍을 기주식물로 사용하였다. 순계 유지와 혼종 방지를 위해 식물체 접종 2주 전, 다른 생장상으로 성충을 옮긴 후 증식하여 이용하였다. 싸리수염진딧물에 대한 콩 저항성검정과 싸리수염진딧물의 발육과 증식 비교를 위해 기존연구(Lee et al. 2015)에서 싸리수염진딧물에 저항성이 확인된 PI366121과 감수성이 확인된 자원(Park et at. 2000) 및 IT104704, IT188389, 대풍(Park et at. 2005) 사용하였다. 유전분석을 위해 교배모본인 IT104704, IT188389, 대풍, 대풍×IT104704의 F2 184개체 및 대풍×IT188389 F2 237개체와 일부 후대검정용 F2:3 계통을 이용하였다. 실험에 사용된 소원, 대풍은 국립식량과학원애서 분양 받아 단국대학교에서 보관중인 종자를 증식하여 활용하였고, PI366121은 미국 USDA, IT104704 및 IT188389는 농업유전자원센터에서 분양 받아 증식하여 사용하였다. 이중 PI366121은 일본에서 후쿠시마 지역에서 수집된 야생종이고(Zheng et al. 2005), IT104704는 경북지역에서 수집된 지방 재래종이며, IT188389는 충북지역에서 수집된 야생종이다(http://genebank.rda.go.kr/).
검정용 식물체 재배
각 실험에 사용한 식물체는 지름 11 cm에 높이 8 cm의 육묘포트에서 원예용 상토와 수도용 성토를 3:1 비율로 혼합하여, 포트 당 각 자원을 3립씩 파종 후 생장상에서 온도 22-25℃, 상대습도 40-60%, 장일 16:8(day: night)의 조건으로 재배하였다. 파종 후 약 14일 뒤 3복엽이 전개하는 V1 stage에서 건실한 1개의 개체를 제외한 나머지 개체를 제거하여 실험에 사용하였다.
싸리수염진딧물에 대한 콩 저항성 검정
싸리수염진딧물 저항성 검정은 Kho et al. (2018)과 Lee et al. (2015)이 보고한 식물체 피해정도에 따른 저항성 판별방법을 이용하였다. 간략히 요약하면 Non-Choice 검정을 실시하였는데 식물체를 생장상에서 25~28℃의 조건으로 약 2주간 재배 후 V1시기에 제1본엽에 싸리수염진딧물 성충을 식물체당 4마리를 접종하고 진딧물이 타 개체로 이동할 수 없도록 코팅용지를 이용해 만든 케이지로 격리시킨 다음 생육을 진전시킨 후 접종 후 7일차에 접종엽 및 식물체 전체에서 진딧물에 의한 피해정도를 조사하였다. 조사방법은 Lee et al. (2015)의 연구를 바탕으로 피해정도는 접종엽의 황변 정도를 기준으로 1=피해 없음에서 9=심한피해로 등급을 나누었는데, 세부적인 기준은 전체면적기준 1= 0%, 3= 5%미만, 5= 5-30%, 5= 31-50%, 7= 51-70, 9=70%이상 피해 정도를 바탕으로 분류하였다.
싸리수염진딧물 발육과 증식 비교
싸리수염진딧물 저항성 검정은 Kho et al. (2018)이 방법에 준하여 실시하였고, 간략히 요약하면 다음과 같다. 검정자원의 종자를 지름이 9 cm인 포트에 각 5반복으로 파종한 뒤 24~26℃의 온도와 40~60% 습도인 환경에서 V1 stage까지 재배하였다. 자원별로 접종한 싸리수염진딧물이 생산하는 진딧물 마릿수를 측정하기 위해 싸리수염진딧물 성충 한 마리를 대풍에 접종한 뒤, 성충이 산자를 낳도록 한 뒤 새로 태어난 지 3일된 약충 한 마리를 각 검정자원에 접종하였다. 이후 각 자원에 접종한 약충이 성충으로 탈피한 후 생식을 시작하면 약충을 접종한 날부터 성충이 첫 자손을 낳은 날까지의 기간을 측정하였다(1세대 일수; Days from Inoculation to Nymph). 또 우화한 성충이 첫 산자를 낳은 후부터 5일 동안 약충수의 변화를 조사하였다. (후대 마릿수; Nymph Numbers) 이와 함께 새로운 약충이 태어났을 때, 그 날부터 이 약충이 자라 성충이 되어 다시 처음 자손을 낳은 날까지의 기간을 조사하였다(2세대 일수; Days from Nymph to Progeny). 증식량 조사를 위해 식물체에 싸리수염진딧물을 접종후에는 Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) 필름으로 만든 덮개로 덮어 타 식물체로의 이동을 막았고, 마릿수 측정시 오류를 피하기 위해 매일 성충을 식물체의 다른 부위로 옮겨주면서 측정하였으며, 약충은 이동하지 않았다. 전체 실험은 검정자원별로 5개체씩 3반복으로 실시하였고 통계분석은 SAS 9.1 package를 이용하여 품종간 분산분석을 실시하고 5%의 유의수준에서 평균간 비교(Duncan’s multiple range test)을 실시하였다.
싸리수염진딧물 저항성 유전분석
위에 기술한 싸리수염진딧물에 대한 콩 저항성 검정 방법 따라 모부본과 조합별 F2 세대에서 저항성 검정 후 식물체에 나타나는 피해정도를 조사하였다. 대풍×IT104704조합은 F2 세대에서 grade 3인 계통에 대해서는 F2세대 검정 후 종자를 수확하여 F2:3세대에서 계통당 10주씩 위와 동일한 방법으로 검정을 진행하여 저항성유무를 판단하였다. 통계분석을 위해 R Studio Version 1.1.383(R Studio, Inc.)를 이용해 5%의 유의수준으로 χ2 검정(Goodness of fit-test)을 실시하였다. 식물체반응은 Lee et al. (2015)의 연구를 바탕으로 위에 기술한 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 검정법과 동일하게 실시하였다.
모부본의 싸리수염진딧물에 대한 콩 저항성 검정
본 실험에 활용된 모부본과 대조 품종의 싸리수염진딧물에 대한 반응을 보면 육성품종인 대풍과 소원은 감수성을 보였으나 IT188389, IT104704 및 PI366121은 저항성을 보였다(Table 1). 이중 PI366121과 IT188389는 야생종으로 PI366121은 Raso2 유전자를 보유한 자원으로 보고된(Lee et al. 2015) 자원이나 IT188389는 아직 보고되지 않는 야생형의 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 자원이다. IT104704는 재배종으로 앞서 일본 연구진에 의해 보고(Ohnishi et al. 2012)된 Raso1 유전자를 보유한 재배종 Adams 유래 Tohoku149 발견 이후 두 번째로 보고되는 재배종 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 자원이며 금후 저항성 품종개발에 적극적으로 활용될 가능성이 크다.
모부본에서 싸리수염진딧물의 발육과 증식량 검정
싸리수염진딧물 유충을 접종하고 첫 산자를 생산한 후 5일간 싸리수염진딧물 마릿수의 변화를 조사한 결과, 대풍과 소원에서는 마릿수가 계속 증가하는 양상으로 나타났으나 IT104704과 PI366121 및 IT188389는 확연히 다른 양상을 보였고 생존하는 싸리수염진딧물 마릿수도 현저히 적었다. 즉 IT188389는 첫 산자 생산 후 초기에는 미약하나마 다소 증가하였으나, 이후 증가가 멈추고 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 반면 PI366121과 IT104704에서는 접종 이후 약충이 전혀 생산되지 않았거나 일부 유충도 성장하지 못하였다(Fig. 1). 싸리수염진딧물에 감수성 및 저항성 자원에서 진딧물 마릿수의 변화패턴으로 보아 IT104704, PI366121는 강력한 항생성을 지녀 접종한 유충의 생존이 불가능하였고, IT188389는 PI366121이나 IT104704 보다는 다소 약한 항생성을 보유하여 접종한 유충이 초기에는 약충을 생산하였으나 점차 약충의 생존이 어려워 마릿수가 초기에는 조금 증가하다가 점차 감소하는 것으로 판단된다. 처음 유충접종 후 약충을 생산하는데 걸리는 시간은 대풍, 소원, IT188389은 약 7일 정도 소요됐지만 PI366121, IT104704는 전혀 유충을 생산하지 못하여 측정이 불가능하였다(Table 2). 접종 후 약충을 생산하고 생산한 유충이 다음 세대 약충을 생산하는데 걸리는 시간인 2세대 일수는 감수성 자원인 대풍과 소원에서만 14-15일 정도 소요되는 것을 관찰하였으나 저항성 자원인 PI366121, IT104704 및 IT188389에서는 식물체가 지닌 항생성으로 다음 세대의 유충 생산이 불가능하였음을 알 수 있었다. 2세대일수가 1세대일수와 달리 2 Group으로만 구분되는 것은 1세대 유충은 감수성인 대풍을 3일간 섭식한 것과는 달리 2세대 유충은 검정용 자원만을 흡즙하고 성장하여 검정용 자원의 영향을 온전히 받아 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 특히 IT188389도 PI366121, IT104704와 마찬가지로 진딧물의 유충 생산능력을 떨어트리는 것으로 판단할 수 있었다.
이상의 결과는 Painter (1951)와 Kogan (1978)이 항생성은 식물이 곤충의 번식과 생존율을 감소시키는 능력을 나타내며, 곤충의 크기, 성장률, 생존율, 생식률 등을 비교하여 측정할 수 있다는 보고와 일치하며, 다수의 과학자가 콩진딧물 저항성 자원과 감수성자원을 섭취한 진딧물에서 산자수(Mian et al. 2008, Diaz-Montano et al. 2006, Hill et al. 2010), 한 세대 경과 일수, 생식력 및 생존력(Li et al. 2004) 등에서 차이를 확인한 바 있다. 본 연구 결과, 싸리수염진딧물에서도 식물체 반응(Non-choice test)에서 저항성과 감수성반응을 보인 자원이 저항성 검정에서 산자수, 1세개 경과일수, 2세대 경과일수에서 확연한 차이를 보임을 확인하여 기존의 진딧물 검정 결과와 유사함을 확인하였다. 특히 본 연구에서 식물체반응에서 저항성을 보인 자원 중에서도 증식량 검정을 통해 저항성 간 다소 차이가 있음을 확인하였다(Fig. 1, Table 2). 특히, IT188389는 싸리수염진딧물 유충이 초기에는 생존하였으나, 시간이 지남에 따라 생존할 수 없는 양상을 나타냈고 강한 저항성을 보인 IT104704, PI366121은 싸리수염진딧물의 유충 단계부터 생존이 불가능하게 하였다. Sato et al. (2013)이 콩에서 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 자원인 Tohoku149를 이용하여 저항성에 관한 대사체 분석결과 아미노산, 중간산물 등의 농도가 감수성자원보다 높은 것을 확인한 결로 미루어 본 연구에서 확인된 저항성 자원들에서 싸리수염진딧물이 성장을 하지 못하거나, 정상적인 번식을 하지 못하는 것은 저항성 식물체에 싸리수염진딧물의 생육에 해로운 물질이 존재하기 때문으로 예상할 수 있다.
싸리수염진딧물 저항성 유전분석
싸리수염진딧물 저항성 자원 중 진딧물의 증식량검정에서 다소 상이한 반응을 보인 IT104704과 IT188389 자원이 보유한 저항성 유전자의 유전양상을 구명하기위해 실시한 저항성 유전분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선 모본인 대풍은 Grade 7, 부본으로 쓰인 IT104704는 Grade 1으로나타났고, IT188389는 Grade 2.25로 나타나 저항성 및 감수성 모부본간에 차이를 명확히 확인할 수 있었다(Table 1). F2집단에서 싸리수염진딧물에 대한 표현형 분포를 보면 대풍×IT104704집단의 F2 184개체 중 grade 1은 99개체, grade 3은 29개체, grade 5는 12개체, grade 7은 13개체, grade 9는 30개체로 나타났다(Fig. 2). F2집단 검정 후 grade 3를 보인계통들은 후대검정을 추가로 실시한 결과 grade 3의 자원이 저항성 혹은 분리하는 양상을 보여 grade 1 및 3를 보인 128개체를 저항성으로 grade 5, 7 및 9를 보인 55개체를 감수성으로 분류하였다. 이를 바탕으로 분리비에 대한 적합도 검정을 실시한 결과 3:1의 분리비가 적합하여 IT104704이 보유하는 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 유전자는 단인자 우성 유전함을 확인하였다(Table 3). 대풍×IT188389조합 F2 237개체에서 싸리수염진딧물에 대한 표현형분포를 보면 grade 1은 104개체, grade 3은 45개체, grade 5는 26개체, grade 7은 17개체, grade 9는 38개체로 나타났다(Fig. 3). 이 집단의 경우 저항성 모본인 IT188389이 Grade 2.25를 보여 모본을 기준으로 grade 1과 grade 3을 저항성 자원으로 판단하고 149개체를 저항성 자원, 55개체를 감수성자원으로 판단하여 3:1 분리비의 적합도 검정을 실시한 결과 3:1 분리비는 적합하지 않아 저항성이 우성으로는 판단되나 불완전 우성으로 추정하였다(Table 3). 콩진딧물에 대한 유전분석에서 저항성자원인 Jackson에서 저항성은 단일 우성 유전하였고(Hill et al. 2004a), 싸리수염 저항성 유전연구에서 Park et al. (2017)은 싸리수염진딧물에 저항성을 갖는 PI230977 단일 열성 유전함을 밝힌 바 있듯이 저항성 자원의 종류에 따라 유전양상이 다소 다르게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 확인된 IT104704과 IT188389이 보유한 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 유전자는 대부분의 콩진딧물에서 밝혀진 유전양상과 유사하게 저항성이 우성을 보였고, 관여된 유전자는 IT104704는 단인자 유전하나 IT188389는 1-2개의 유전자가 관여할 것으로 추정하였다. IT188389조합에서 모본이 야생콩이라 초기생육이 다소 빈약하고 접종 후 종자 수확이 원활하지 않아 후대검정을 수행하지 못한 점을 고려할 때 추후 RIL 등을 활용한 QTL 분석 등이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.
Non-choice방법으로 싸리수염진딧물에 대한 콩 저항성 검정 결과 대풍, 소원은 감수성을 보였으나 야생형인 PI366121 및 IT188389와 재배종인 IT104704는 싸리수염진딧물에 저항성을 보여 재배종과 야생종에서 새로운 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 자원을 확보하였다. 자원 별 싸리수염진딧물의 발육 및 증식 검정에서 첫 산자생산 후 5일간 진딧물수의 변화를 조사한 결과 감수성 품종은 정상적으로 진딧물수가 증가하였으나 IT188389는 초기에 적은 수의 마릿수를 유지하나가 점차 감소하였고 PI366121와 IT104704는 진딧물 생존이 불가하여 측정이 불가능하였다. 자원 별 싸리수염진딧물의 증식량 검정에서 1세대 일수는 대풍, 소원 및 IT188389는 유사하게 7-8일 소요되었으나 PI366121, IT104704는 접종한 유충이 생존할 수 없어 측정이 불가능하였고, 2세대 일수는 대풍, 소원은 각각 15일, 14.5일 소요되었으나 PI366121, IT104704 및 IT188389는 유충을 생산할 수 없어 측정이 불가능하였다. 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 유전분석을 위해 감수성 자원인 대풍과 IT104704 및 IT188389의 인공교배하여 만든 F2 개체들로 저항성검정을 진행하였다. IT104704에서는 저항성과 감수성 개체가 각각 3:1의 분리비로 적합도 검정 결과 저항성이 단인지 우성 유전함을 확인하였고, IT188389는 저항성과 감수성 개체의 비율이 3:1의 분리비가 적합하지 않아 저항성이 불완전한 우성 유전함을 알 수 있었다. 아직 전세계적으로 콩을 가해하는 싸리수염진딧물의 연구가 활성화되지않는 상황에서 콩에서 저항성 자원을 탐색하고 나아가 유전양상을 구명하는 것은 금후 저항성 품종개발과 해충의 생물적 방제를 위한 중요한 자료로 활용될 것이다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 차세대바이오그린21사업(과제번호: PJ013192)의 연구지원을 받아 이루어진 것으로 이에 감사드립니다.
Fig. 1
Change of the number of nymphs after first nymph release in different soybean varieties.
KJBS-52-354-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Frequency distribution of F2 plants for resistance to the foxglove aphid in a population of Deapung×IT104704 crosses. The distribution of leaf damage grade in no-choice test are presented, where 1 = no damage and 9 = severely damaged.
KJBS-52-354-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Frequency distribution of F2 plants for resistance to the foxglove aphid in a population of Deapung×IT188389 crosses. The distribution of leaf damage grade in no-choice test are presented, where 1 = no damage and 9 = severely damaged.
KJBS-52-354-f3.jpg
Table 1
List of soybean varieties and germplasms and response to foxglove aphid.
Table 1
Variety or Germplasm Origin Source Species Non-Choice test
(Mean±Sth.)z
Deapung Korea Breeding Glycine max 7.0±1.14
Sowon Korea Breeding Glycine max 7.0±1.20
IT188389 Korea Wild Glycine soja 2.2±0.97
IT104704 Korea Landrace Glycine max 1.0±0.0
PI366121 Japan Wild Glycine soja 1.0±0.0

zLeaf damage grade: 1 = no damage and 9 = severely damaged, Std: Standard deviation.

Table 2
Growth and reproduction of the foxglove aphid on different soybean resources.
Table 2
Variety or
Germplasm		 Days from
Inoculation to Nymph (day)		 Days from
Nymph to Progeny (day)z 		Number of the
Aphid after release nymphy
Deapung 7.52ay 15.03a 15.43bx
Sowon 6.87a 14.50a 20.22a
IT188389 7.33a N/A 3.00c
IT104704 N/Aw N/A 0.00c
PI366121 N/A N/A 0.00c

zPeriod the time nymph reproduced the progeny.

yValue within a column followed by same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05% level by DMRT.

xNumber of the nymph on the fifth day after release nymph.

wNot available data due to the resistance.

Table 3
Segregation of F2 plants for resistance to the foxglove aphid in two populations of Deapung×IT104704 and Deapung x IT188389 crosses.
Table 3
Cross combination Response to aphidz Expected ratio χ2 df P
Resistance Susceptible
Deapung×IT104704 128 55 3:1 2.4360 1 0.114300
Deapung×IT188389 154 83 3:1 12.6934 1 0.000367

zResistant: damage grade 1 and 3, Susceptible: damage grade 5, 7 and 9.

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Genetic Analysis of Foxglove Aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach) Resistance in Soybeans
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(4):354-361.   Published online December 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.4.354
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Genetic Analysis of Foxglove Aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach) Resistance in Soybeans
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(4):354-361.   Published online December 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.4.354
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Genetic Analysis of Foxglove Aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach) Resistance in Soybeans
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Change of the number of nymphs after first nymph release in different soybean varieties.
Fig. 2 Frequency distribution of F2 plants for resistance to the foxglove aphid in a population of Deapung×IT104704 crosses. The distribution of leaf damage grade in no-choice test are presented, where 1 = no damage and 9 = severely damaged.
Fig. 3 Frequency distribution of F2 plants for resistance to the foxglove aphid in a population of Deapung×IT188389 crosses. The distribution of leaf damage grade in no-choice test are presented, where 1 = no damage and 9 = severely damaged.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Genetic Analysis of Foxglove Aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach) Resistance in Soybeans

List of soybean varieties and germplasms and response to foxglove aphid.

Variety or Germplasm Origin Source Species Non-Choice test
(Mean±Sth.)z
Deapung Korea Breeding Glycine max 7.0±1.14
Sowon Korea Breeding Glycine max 7.0±1.20
IT188389 Korea Wild Glycine soja 2.2±0.97
IT104704 Korea Landrace Glycine max 1.0±0.0
PI366121 Japan Wild Glycine soja 1.0±0.0

Growth and reproduction of the foxglove aphid on different soybean resources.

Variety or
Germplasm		 Days from
Inoculation to Nymph (day)		 Days from
Nymph to Progeny (day)z		 Number of the
Aphid after release nymphy
Deapung 7.52ay 15.03a 15.43bx
Sowon 6.87a 14.50a 20.22a
IT188389 7.33a N/A 3.00c
IT104704 N/Aw N/A 0.00c
PI366121 N/A N/A 0.00c

Segregation of F2 plants for resistance to the foxglove aphid in two populations of Deapung×IT104704 and Deapung x IT188389 crosses.

Cross combination Response to aphidz Expected ratio χ2 df P
Resistance Susceptible
Deapung×IT104704 128 55 3:1 2.4360 1 0.114300
Deapung×IT188389 154 83 3:1 12.6934 1 0.000367
Table 1 List of soybean varieties and germplasms and response to foxglove aphid.

zLeaf damage grade: 1 = no damage and 9 = severely damaged, Std: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Growth and reproduction of the foxglove aphid on different soybean resources.

zPeriod the time nymph reproduced the progeny.

yValue within a column followed by same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05% level by DMRT.

xNumber of the nymph on the fifth day after release nymph.

wNot available data due to the resistance.

Table 3 Segregation of F2 plants for resistance to the foxglove aphid in two populations of Deapung×IT104704 and Deapung x IT188389 crosses.

zResistant: damage grade 1 and 3, Susceptible: damage grade 5, 7 and 9.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

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