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New Cultivar Developed

안토시아닌 고함유 자색옥수수 ‘색소1호’의 주요특성

김희연1, 박종열2, 박기진2, 류시환1, 장은하2, 고병대2, 윤병성2, 용우식1, 최재근1,*

Major Characteristics of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Corn Hybrid Variety: ‘Saekso 1’

Hee-Yeon Kim1, Jong-Yeol Park2, Ki-Jin Park2, Si-Hwan Ryu1, Eun-Ha Chang2, Byeong-Dae Goh2, Byeong Sung Yoon2, Woo Sik Yong1, Jae-Keun Choi1,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2021;53(4):534-538.
Published online: December 1, 2021

1강원도농업기술원 옥수수연구소

2강원도농업기술원

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: jaekeun@korea.kr, Tel: +82-33-248-6921, Fax: +82-33-248-6921)
• Received: October 11, 2021   • Revised: November 12, 2021   • Accepted: November 12, 2021

Copyright © 2021 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new anthocyanin-rich hybrid variety, ‘Saekso 1’, is developed which is characterized by yellow grains, and purple husks and cobs. This variety was produced by crossing two inbred lines, ‘HA1’ (as the seed parent) and ‘HA2’ (as the pollen parent). It was made in 2008/2009 and evaluated in Hongcheon for two years. After evaluation, the selected variety was named ‘Saekso 1’ and was approved for a variety registration in 2014. The anthocyanin content of ‘Saekso 1’ in husk was 10.39±0.09 g/100 g, which was much higher than that of Kangilok (0 mg/100 g). Since regional tests were conducted only in Gangwon province, this variety is recommended only in that region for commercial cultivation. ‘Saekso 1’ is a health food resource for bioactive materials (Registration No. 4967).
  • Keywords: Corn; Maize; Purple corn; Husk; Single cross; Anthocyanins
안토시아닌은 적색, 자색, 청색 또는 흑색 등을 나타내는 유색 과일, 채소, 곡물의 표피에 집적되어 있는 천연식물대사산물로(Abdel-Aal et al. 2006), 자연계에 존재하는 항산화 물질 가운데 가장 우수한 항산화 작용(Duan et al. 2006, Oki et al. 2002) 및 항염증(Wallace & Giusti 2015), 항암(Chung et al. 2006), 항비만(Lee et al. 2016) 및 혈당강하(Tsuda et al. 2004) 등 다양한 생리활성이 보고되었다. 옥수수의 포엽, 속대, 알곡이 주로 자색을 띄는 옥수수를 자색옥수수라 하는데, 현재 국내에 개발된 자색옥수수는 주로 찰옥수수로 알곡에 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 품종으로 ‘청춘찰’(Park et al. 2016), ‘흑진주찰’(Jung et al. 2009), ‘얼룩찰1호’(Lee et al. 2011) 등이 등록되어있다. 찰옥수수는 풋옥수수 형태로 소비하기 위해 개발되었으나, 포엽과 속대가 자색을 띄는 종실용 옥수수는 안토시아닌 함량이 알곡보다 높고 영양성분이 적어 기능성 유효성분을 활용하는데 효과가 높아 건강기능성식품 소재로 활용하는데 이점이 크다. 자색옥수수의 속대와 알곡은 국내에서 침출차와 액상차로 판매되고 있고, 해외에서는 추출분말, 액상차 등으로 다양한 제형으로 판매되고 있다. 자색옥수수의 속대는 현재 침출차의 원료로만 사용가능하고, 자색옥수수의 포엽과 속대 혼합추출분말은 한시적 식품원료로 사용되고 있다.
자색옥수수 포엽과 속대 등에서 총 10종의 안토시아닌 색소가 확인되었고(Li et al. 2008), 이 중 C-3-G (cyaniding-3-glucoside)의 상대적 함량이 40% 이상이었다. Lee 등(2018)은 색소1호 포엽 및 속대 혼합 추출물의 총안토시아닌의 함량이 8.61%, C-3-G의 함량이 1.46%인 것으로 확인하였다.
‘색소1호’ 포엽 및 속대 추출물 10 mg/ml의 생리활성을 검정한 결과, DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 95.62, 92.00%이었고, 항산화활성 측정에 사용되는 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량도 각각 99.87, 25.02 mg/g로 추출물의 항산화 활성이 높음을 확인하였다(Lee et al. 2018). 또한 ‘색소1호’ 포엽 및 속대 추출물의 지방분해효소 및 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서의 지방분화억제 효과(Lee et al. 2018) 및 비알콜성 지방산 세포에서의 지질축적억제효과를 확인하였다(Lee et al. 2020).
본 연구는 건강기능식품개발을 목적으로 안토시아닌 및 유효성분의 함유량이 높은 가공용 옥수수를 개발하여 산업화에 기여하고자 ‘색소1호’를 개발하여 이 품종의 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
재배 방법
자색옥수수 신품종 ‘색소1호’의 특성 및 수량평가를 위한 검정 시험은 2009년, 2010년 2년간 홍천에서 수행하여 비교하였고, 표준품종은 ‘강일옥’을 사용하였다. 시비량은 10a당 N-P2O5-K2O로 17.4-3-6.9 kg 시비하였고, 질소는 기비와 7~8엽기에 추비 각각 50% 시용하였고, 인산과 가리는 전량 기비로 시용하였고, 퇴비는 1.5톤을 기비로 시용하였다. 재식거리는 열간거리 60 cm, 주간거리 30 cm로 평탄하게 재배하는 방식으로 3열, 5 m를 한 개의 시험구로 하여 재식밀도는 10a당 5,500주로 하였다. 파종은 2립씩 파종하여 본엽 3~4엽기에 1주1본을 남기고 솎음작업을 수행하였다. 기타 재배방법은 농촌진흥청 표준 재배법을 준수하였다.
옥수수 생육 및 수량형질 조사
출사기는 시험구별 전체 개체 중 50% 이상의 개체에서 수염이 출현하였을 때를 기준으로 하였으며, 간장, 착수고는 시험구별 균일한 곳에서 10주씩 조사하고, 수량 및 이삭특성조사는 시험구내 20주를 수확하여 조사하였다. 수확시기는 포엽은 출사기 이후 25~30일경에, 알곡은 출사기 이후 50일경에 이루어 졌으며 포엽을 제거한 이삭으로 이삭특성 및 수량조사를 하였다. 기타 조사항목 및 방법은 유전자원 특성조사 및 관리요령(National Agrobiodiversity Center)에 준하여 조사하였다.
총 안토시아닌 함량 측정
‘색소1호’의 포엽 건조분말시료 0.1 g을 1% citric acid가 함유된 30% 에탄올을 10 mL씩 첨가하고 12시간동안 상온 교반하여 2회 반복 추출하였다. 추출액을 0.45 ㎛ membrane filter에 통과시킨 후 분광광도계(Evolution 201, Thermo, Waltham, MA, USA)를 사용하여 535 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 표준물질로 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside chloride (Sigma Chemical Co., St, Louis, MO, USA)를 사용하여 정량곡선을 작성하고 총 안토시아닌 함량을 정량하였다(Ryu et al. 2003).
육성경위
‘색소1호’의 모본은 국내 육성 자식계통과 색소모집단을 2004년 교잡과 2005년 여교잡을 한 계통을 2006년 0세대 3번으로 시험하여 5번의 자식과 선발하여 5세대 2번으로 선발하여 ‘HA1’으로 명명하고 최종계통명을 부여하였다. 부본은 국내 육성 자식계통과 색소모집단을 2002년 교잡, 2005년 여교잡하여 2006년 0세대 6번으로 시험하여 5번의 자식과 선발하여 5세대 1번으로 선발하여 ‘HA2’로 명명하고 최종 계통명을 부여하였다. 이것을 이용하여 교잡종을 구성하였고 2년간 평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과 포엽에 안토시아닌이 많이 함유된 옥수수로 우수성이 인정되어 2011년 품종출원하였고(Fig. 1), 2014년 품종등록되었다(품종등록 번호: 제 4967호).
고유특성
‘색소1호’는 단교잡종이며, 옥수수 알곡이 노랑색으로 포엽에 안토시아닌이 존재하는 품종이다(Fig. 2, Table 1).
주요 생육특성
‘색소1호’는 ‘강일옥’보다 출사일수가 2일 정도 빠른 71.33±0.58일이고, 간장은 234.83±7.31 cm이고, 착수고율은 52.47±0.05%로 ‘강일옥’보다 다소 높았다. 이삭길이는 18.58±0.16 cm로 ‘강일옥’보다 작았고, 이삭의 폭도 3.87±0.05 cm로 작았다(Table 2).
안토시아닌 함량
안토시아닌 함량 분석에서는 알곡에서는 ‘강일옥’ 및 ‘색소1호’ 모두 안토시아닌 색소가 없으나, ‘색소1호’ 포엽의 안토시아닌 함량은 10.39±0.09 g/100g이었다(Table 2).
종실 및 포엽 수량성 분석
2009, 2010년 2년간 홍천에서 실시한 평가에서 ‘색소1호’의 종실중이 각각 601.00±14.11, 613.33±95.50 kg/10a로 ‘강일옥’보다 적었으나, 2009, 2010년 ‘색소1호’의 포엽중은 각각 47.33±5.51, 51.33±3.51 kg/10a로 ‘강일옥’과 비슷하였다(Table 3).
적응지역 및 재배상의 유의점
‘색소1호’의 적응지역은 강원도에서만 평가를 수행하여 강원도에서만 재배가 가능하고 1대 교잡종이므로 매년 갱신된 종자를 이용해야 한다. 질소성분 시용이 많은 경우 다소 쓰러짐에 약하고 습해에 약한 특성이 있어 재배상 주의가 필요하다.
‘색소1호’는 강원도농업기술원 옥수수연구소에서 개발한 단교잡종으로 안토시아닌 함량이 대단히 높은 옥수수로서 자식계통 ‘HA1’을 종자친으로 하고 ‘HA2’를 화분친으로 하는 품종이다. 출사일수는 ‘강일옥’보다 2일 늦었으며, 생육 특성은 ‘강일옥’보다 간장은 작고 착수고율은 높았으며, 이삭길이와 폭은 ‘강일옥’보다 작았다. 옥수수 알곡의 안토시아닌 함량은 ‘색소1호’는 존재하지 않으나 포엽의 안토시아닌 함량은 10.39±0.09 g/100g이었다. 수량성은 ‘강일옥’ 종실중의 70% 수준이었다. 앞으로 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 ‘색소1호’는 기능성이 우수한 건강기능식품 소재 개발의 시발점이 되어 강원도 옥수수 산업화의 기반이 될 것이라 사료된다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 공동연구사업(PJ015140012021)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Saekso 1’.
KJBS-53-534-f1.tif
Fig. 2
A new corn hybrid ‘Saekso 1’.
KJBS-53-534-f2.tif
Table 1
Inherited characteristics of ‘Saekso 1’.
Table 1
Hybrid Type Anthocyanin coloration Seed coat
Base of glume of tassel Glumes excluding base of tassel Anthers of tassel Silks
Kangilok Single cross Weak Weak Very weak Weak Yellows
Saekoso 1 Single cross Very strong Very strong Very weak Very weak Yellows
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Saekso 1’.
Table 2
Hybrid Days to silking Plant height (cm) Ratio ear height of plant height (%) Ear characteristics Husk
Length (cm) Diameter (cm) Anthocyanin (g/100g) Anthocyanin (g/100g)
Kangilok 73.00±1.00 250.33±16.97 49.42±0.02 19.17±0.05 4.88±0.07 0 0
Saekoso 1 71.33±0.58 234.83±7.31 52.47±0.05 18.58±0.16 3.87±0.05 0 10.39±0.09
Table 3
Grain and husk yields of ‘Saekso 1’ in yield trials for 2 years.
Table 3
species Saekso 1 (kg/10a)(A) Index (%) A/B Kangilok (kg/10a)(B)
2009 2010 Mean 2009 2010 Mean
Grain 601.00±14.11 613.33±95.50 607 70 806.67±18.56 929.00±30.00 868***
Husk 47.33±5.51 51.33±3.51 49ns 94 45.33±0.58 58.33±4.16 52ns

*** Signification at p<0.01

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Major Characteristics of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Corn Hybrid Variety: ‘Saekso 1’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(4):534-538.   Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2021.53.4.534
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Major Characteristics of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Corn Hybrid Variety: ‘Saekso 1’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(4):534-538.   Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2021.53.4.534
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Major Characteristics of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Corn Hybrid Variety: ‘Saekso 1’
Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Saekso 1’.
Fig. 2 A new corn hybrid ‘Saekso 1’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Major Characteristics of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Corn Hybrid Variety: ‘Saekso 1’

Inherited characteristics of ‘Saekso 1’.

Hybrid Type Anthocyanin coloration Seed coat
Base of glume of tassel Glumes excluding base of tassel Anthers of tassel Silks
Kangilok Single cross Weak Weak Very weak Weak Yellows
Saekoso 1 Single cross Very strong Very strong Very weak Very weak Yellows

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Saekso 1’.

Hybrid Days to silking Plant height (cm) Ratio ear height of plant height (%) Ear characteristics Husk
Length (cm) Diameter (cm) Anthocyanin (g/100g) Anthocyanin (g/100g)
Kangilok 73.00±1.00 250.33±16.97 49.42±0.02 19.17±0.05 4.88±0.07 0 0
Saekoso 1 71.33±0.58 234.83±7.31 52.47±0.05 18.58±0.16 3.87±0.05 0 10.39±0.09

Grain and husk yields of ‘Saekso 1’ in yield trials for 2 years.

species Saekso 1 (kg/10a)(A) Index (%) A/B Kangilok (kg/10a)(B)
2009 2010 Mean 2009 2010 Mean
Grain 601.00±14.11 613.33±95.50 607 70 806.67±18.56 929.00±30.00 868***
Husk 47.33±5.51 51.33±3.51 49ns 94 45.33±0.58 58.33±4.16 52ns
Table 1 Inherited characteristics of ‘Saekso 1’.
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Saekso 1’.
Table 3 Grain and husk yields of ‘Saekso 1’ in yield trials for 2 years.

*** Signification at p<0.01

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

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