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New Cultivar Developed

도복에 강하고 폴리페놀 함량 높은 다수성 흑색 겉보리 ‘흑다향’

윤영미1, 김양길1, 이미자1, 김경호1, 박종호2, 강천식1, 박태일1, 박진천1,*

A Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Heukdahyang’, with High Polyphenol Content, High Yield, and Tolerance to Lodging Stress

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2022;54(2):136-142.
Published online: June 1, 2022

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2농촌진흥청 농촌인적자원개발센터

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: jinchun5214@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5226, Fax: +82-63-238-5205)
• Received: April 8, 2022   • Revised: April 28, 2022   • Accepted: April 28, 2022

Copyright © 2022 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new black barley variety, ‘Heukdahyang’, was developed from the cross between ‘Keunalbori 1ho’ and ‘Masankwamaek/Mortoni’ at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2015. ‘Heukdahyang’ had a shorter culm length (76 cm) than that of ‘Olbori’, and had lodging tolerance. The average heading and maturity dates of ‘Heukdahyang’ were April 28 and June 2, respectively, which were later than those of ‘Olbori’. ‘Heukdahyang’ also had a spike length of 5.1 cm, spike density of 534 spikes/m2, and 57 grains/spike. The thousand grain weight of ‘Heukdahyang’ (35.9 g) was greater than that of ‘Olbori’. ‘Heukdahyang’ showed moderate resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus. The yield potential of ‘Heukdahyang’ was about 6% higher than that of ‘Olbori’ in upland and paddy fields. Among qualitative characteristics, protein and β-glucan content of ‘Heukdahyang’ were 11.3% and 4.7%, respectively, which were similar to those of ‘Olbori’. However, ‘Heukdahyang’ showed higher polyphenol content (0.162%) and higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than those of the check cultivar (Registration No. 7007).
보리는 추위, 가뭄 또는 척박한 토양과 같은 불리한 환경에 대한 적응성이 우수하고, 겨울과 봄에 주로 재배되므로 다른 작물보다 병충해가 적고 농약을 살포할 필요가 거의 없어 친환경 자원으로 그 가치가 높다(Patricia et al. 2019). 작물학적으로 보리는 조성, 즉 보리알이 배열된 열 수에 따라서 2조(두줄보리)와 6조(여섯줄보리)로 나누어진다. 또한 자방벽에서 배출되는 끈끈한 물질에 의하여 성숙 후에는 껍질이 종실에 밀착하여 분리되지 않는 겉보리(covered barley, hulled barley)와 성숙 후 껍질이 종실에서 쉽게 분리되는 쌀보리(naked barley, unhulled barley, hulless barley)로 구분된다(Ha 2000). 재배 보리는 전세계적으로 약 65%는 동물사료로 33%는 맥아용으로 사용되며 식용으로는 2%만이 사용된다(Idehen et al. 2017). 국내에서 보리는 식량으로 65천톤, 가공용(양조용)으로 209톤, 사료용으로 12톤 등이 이용되며 이중 수입이 168천톤을 차지한다(MAFRA 2021). 국내 보리 재배면적과 생산량은 혼반, 보릿가루 등에 이용되는 쌀보리가 19,498 ha, 81,897톤, 엿기름, 보리차 등에 이용되는 6조 겉보리가 7,310 ha, 31,960톤, 맥아용으로 이용되는 2조 맥주보리가 8,170 ha, 29,812톤으로 쌀보리의 생산량이 가장 많다(MAFRA 2021).
국내에서 혼반 등 식용으로 이용되는 보리들은 베타글루칸, 폴리페놀 등 기능성분 함량이 높은 보리들이 육성되어왔다(Lee et al. 2014, Lee et al. 2018, Kim et al. 2021). 베타글루칸은 수용성 식이섬유로 보리에 2-10%가 함유되어 있으며 끈적거리는 성질이 있어 소장에서 영양소의 흡수를 방해하고, 당, 지질, 담즙산 등의 흡수를 지연시켜 비만 환자나 당뇨 환자에 유용하다고 알려져 있다(Pins & Kaur 2006, Baik & Ullrich 2008). 또한, 베타글루칸은 콜레스테롤의 합성을 억제하는 효과가 있어, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)는 베타클루칸을 하루 3 g씩 복용하면 관상동맥성심장질환(coronary heart disease, CHD)에 효과가 있음을 승인했다(FDA 2006). 보리에는 베타글루칸외에도 anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonols, catechins 등의 폴리페놀성 기능성분이 함유되어 있다고 알려져 있다(Loskutov & Khlestkina 2021). 맥강(Baek et al. 2017), 보릿가루(Kim et al. 2016), 유색보리(Park et al. 2011) 등의 폴리페놀 등 기능성분에 대한 연구가 진행되었다. 팥(Sung et al. 2020), 잡곡(Lee et al. 2010), 자생식물, 생약자원(Kim et al. 2012) 등은 폴리페놀 함량이 높을 경우 일반적으로 항산화 활성이 더 높았다고 보고되었다. 국내에서는 안토시아닌 등 폴리페놀 함량이 높은 검정색의 ‘흑누리’(Lee et al. 2018), ‘흑수정찰’ (Kim et al. 2018b), ‘흑보찰’(Kim et al. 2021), 자색인 ‘보석찰’ (Lee et al. 2014), ‘보안찰’(kim et al. 2014), 청색인 ‘청명’(Kim et al. 2018a) 등의 품종이 개발되어 보급되고 있다.
본 연구는 도복에 강하며 수량성과 재배 안정성이 높을 뿐만 아니라 흑색으로 폴리페놀 함량과 항산화 활성이 높은 6줄 겉보리‘흑다향’을 개발하여 그 육성경위와 주요특성을 보고하고자 한다.
농업형질 및 수량성 조사
‘흑다향’의 농업적 특성에 대한 연구는 2013년부터 2015년까지 3개년간 지역적응시험지역인 경기(수원), 강원(춘천), 충북(청원), 전북(익산, 전주), 경북 (대구) 등 5개 지역에서 표준품종인 ‘올보리’와 대비하여 검토하였다(RDA 2013, 2014, 2015). 전북 익산에서는 2013년과 2014년 전북 전주에서는 2015년 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. 품종 생육특성, 내재해성, 내병성, 수량구성요소 및 수량 등은 지역적응시험지역에서 3개년간 농업과학기술 연구조사분석 기준(RDA 2012)에 준하여 시험, 조사하였다. 수량구성요소 중 천립중은 2.0 mm 종목체를 통과한 종실, 즉 설립을 제거한 종실에서 1,000립을 측정하였으며, 수량은 설립을 제외한 ha 당 조곡수량에 수분 14%를 보정하여 환산하였다. 병해검정 중 흰가루병의 유묘검정은 온실에서 본엽 1~2엽기에 Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei 병원균 이병 개체로부터 접촉 접종하여 접종 1~2주 후 발병 조사하였다. 보리호위축병(Barley yellow mosaic virus, BaYMV) 검정은 지역별 상습발병포장인 나주(strain Ⅰ형), 익산(strain Ⅲ형), 진주(strain Ⅳ형)지역에서 자연 발생을 유도하였고, ‘백동’품종을 비교품종으로 하여 이병정도를 무 발생(0), 10% 미만(1), 11~30%(3), 31~50%(5), 51~ 70%(7), 71% 이상(9) 등으로 2월 하순에서 3월 하순 사이에 조사하였다(Park et al. 2009). 내한성 검정은 경기 연천 시험지에서 10월 상순에 파종하여 월동 후 고사주율(%)을 조사하여 이루어졌다. 파성 검정은 4℃ 3주 저온 처리와 무처리 두 처리 조건으로 파성별 대조 품종과 함께 온실에 파종(이식)하고, 생육온도를 주간 20℃ 야간 15℃로 24시간 광처리하여 주경의 엽수와 지엽 전개 일수를 조사하였으며, 파성 정도는 I~V 범위로 판정하였다.
품질 분석
시료는 조곡과 정곡으로 이용되었으며 정곡은 Satake 시험도정기(VP-30T, Fujiara, Japan)로 시료 200 g을 정맥수율 67%로 정맥하여 사용하였다. 각각의 조곡과 정곡은 0.5 ㎜체가 장착된 Retsch centrifugal mill (Model Dm/Zm 100)로 분쇄하여 사용하였다. 단백질과 아밀로스, 총폴리페놀, DPPH 소거능은 조곡을 베타글루칸은 정곡을 사용하여 실험에 이용하였다. 단백질분석은 원소분석기(Vario MAX N, Elementar, Germany)를 이용하여 분석한 총 질소함량에 6.25를 곱하여 구하였다. 베타글루칸 분석은 McCleary 방법(McCleary & Glennie-Holmes 1985)을 이용한 Megazyme kit를 이용하여 510 nm에서 분광광도계(UV-2600, Shimazu, Japan)로 흡광도를 측정하여 이루어졌다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 Folin-Denis 방법(So et al. 2002)에 따라, 분쇄한 시료 1 g을 80% 메탄올 20 ml로 24시간 추출, 원심분리 후 상등액 500 ul에 증류수 1 ml와 10% Folin reagent 2.5 ml을 3분간 반응시키고, 1 ml Na2CO3를 첨가하여 1시간 반응 후 760 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 정량을 위해 0.1% gallic acid를 표준물질로 검량선을 작성하였다. DPPH 소거능은 시료 1 g을 10 ml 70% 에탄올로 24시간 추출하고, 원심분리 후 상등액을 20배 희석한 2 ml에 0.2 mM DPPH 2 ml를 30분간 반응한 후 517 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 이루어졌다. 통계분석은 R을 이용하였으며, 처리간의 차이는 t-test로 유의수준 5%(α=0.05)에서 검정하였다.
육성경위
겉보리 유색(흑색) 다수성 품종을 육성하기 위해 2005년에 조숙, 다수성 등 특성을 가진 품종인 ‘큰알보리1호(IT213217)’를 모본으로, 유색(흑색) 특성을 가진 ‘마산과맥(IT268885)/Mortoni (IT111490)’ 계통을 부본으로 하여 인공교배 하였다. 2006년에 F1을 양성한 후 2007~2008년에 집단으로 F2-F3를 전개하였다. 2009년에는 F4 계통에서 흑색 특성을 보이는 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 우량계통을 2010년에는 Observational yield trial (OYT)로 시험 후 우량시 되는 ‘IC05018-B-B-17’계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 이 계통을 2년간 생산력검정시험(2011~2012) 후 흑색 다수성인 겉보리 계통으로 우수성이 인정되어 ‘익산475호’로 계통명을 부여받아, 2013~2015년까지 3년간 전작재배 수원, 청원, 춘천 등 3개 지역, 답리작 재배 익산(전주), 대구 등 2개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다(RDA 2013, 2014, 2015). 그 결과, 흑색 다수성으로 우수한 계통으로 입증되어 2015년 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정심의회에서 ‘흑다향’으로 명명하였다. 그 후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2016년 식물신품종보호법 제54조에 따라 품종보호등록원부에 등록(품종보호 제7007호) 되었다. 육성 경위를 도식화하면 Fig. 1과 같다.
고유특성
‘흑다향’은 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같이 이삭이 흑색이며, 까락이 긴 6조 밀수형 보리로서 파성이 Ⅲ인 양절형의 특성을 보였다. 줄기의 굵기는 중정도이고 엽색은 녹색, 폭은 ‘큰알보리1호’와 같은 광엽형이었다(Hyun 2002). ‘흑다향’과 ‘올보리’의 성숙기 식물체와 종실 특성을 Fig. 2에 비교 하였다.
농업적 형질 및 재해 저항성
출수기와 성숙기는 Table 2에서 보는 바와 같이 출수기는 4월 28일로 표준품종인 ‘올보리’보다 3일, 성숙기는 6월 2일로 2일 늦었다. 간장은 76 cm로 ‘올보리’(83 cm)보다 7 cm 짧았으며, 도복에는 ‘올보리’보다 저항성을 보였다(Table 3). 수장은 5.1 cm로 ‘올보리’(4.1 cm)보다 길고, 단위면적당 수수는 534개로 ‘올보리’(693개)보다 159개 적은 소얼성이면서 1수립수는 57립으로 11립 많은 다립성 품종이다. 천립중은 35.9 g으로 ‘올보리’(34.6 g)에 비해 1.3 g 무거웠고, 1 L중은 665 g (‘올보리’ 679 g)으로 다소 가벼웠으나 유의성은 없었다.
내한성은 경기도 연천시험포장에서 고휴재배와 표준재배에서 고사주율을 검정하여 이루어졌다(RDA 2013, 2014, 2015). Table 3에서 보는 바와 같이 고사주율은 표준재배에서 33.3%로 ‘올보리’와 같았고, 고휴재배에서는 53.6%로 ‘올보리’(35.6%)보다 내한성이 약하였다. 흰가루병 유묘검정에서 ‘흑다향’은 ‘올보리’품종과 같은 감수성을 보였다. 토양 전염 바이러스병인 보리호위축병(BaYMV)은 보리 재배 지역별 다른 4종류의 바이러스 계통의 병원성이 보고되어 있다(Park et al. 2004, Park et al. 2007). 중남부 주재배지역인 나주(strain Ⅰ형)와 진주(strain Ⅳ형)지역에서 보리호위축병이 발병되지 않았으며, strain Ⅲ형인 익산지역에서는 5 정도로 ‘올보리’와 같은 특성을 보였다. 도복 정도는 시험재배포장에서 1로 ‘올보리’(4) 보다 강하였다.
품질특성
‘흑다향’의 품질 분석결과, 단백질 함량은 조곡(원맥)에서 11.3%로 ‘올보리’와 비슷하였으며, 베타글루칸 함량은 4.7%로 ‘올보리’와 같았다. 아밀로스 함량은 19.8%로 ‘올보리’(21.9%)보다 낮았다. 보리는 아밀로스 함량에 따라 메성보리(17~24%)와 찰성보리(10%이하)로 구분할 수 있다(Habschied et al. 2020). 선행연구에 따르면 겉보리의 베타글루칸 함량은 쌀보리보다 낮으며(Lee et al. 1997), 메성 겉보리인 ‘흑다향’도 기존의 연구결과와 마찬가지로 19.8%의 아밀로스 함량과 4.7%의 베타글루칸 함량을 나타내었다. ‘흑다향’의 폴리페놀함량은 0.162%로 ‘올보리’ 0.132%보다 높았으며 항산화정도를 나타내는 DPPH 라디컬 소거활성은 41.3%로 ‘올보리’(24.3%)보다 1.7배 높았다(Table 4). Park et al. (2011)은 유색보리의 메탄올 추출물 항산화 성분 중 폴리페놀 함량은 황색, 자색, 흑색이 각각 122.88, 133.94, 163.43 mg/100 g으로 흑색이 더 높았다고 보고하였다. 또한 유색보리의 항산화 활성에서 흑맥>자맥>황맥순으로 흑맥이 가장 높은 항산화력을 보였다고 하였다. 폴리페놀 함량과 항산화력을 나타내는 DPPH 소거능은 정의 관계가 있다고 보고되어 있으며(Park et al. 2019, Sung et al. 2020), Lee et al. (2010)은 곡류 및 두류 모두 종피의 색이 붉거나 검은 색을 많이 가진 품종의 에탄올 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량이 높았다고 보고하였다. 본 연구결과에서 검정색인 ‘흑다향’은 황색인 ‘올보리’보다 폴리페놀 함량이 높고, 항산화 활성(DPPH 라디컬 소거능)도 높은 값을 보였다.
수량성
‘흑다향’의 수량성은 2013년부터 2015년까지 3개년간 실시한 지역적응시험(RDA 2013, 2014, 2015) 결과, 전작에서 재배한 수원, 춘천, 청원지역에서 452 kg/10 a으로 ‘올보리’(427 kg/10 a)보다 수량성이 높았으며, 답리작 재배지역인 익산(전주), 대구지역에서도 367 kg/10 a(‘올보리’ 351 kg/10 a)로 더 많았다. 전체 평균의 수량성은 10 a 당 418 kg으로 ‘올보리’(396 kg)보다 6% 증진되었다(Table 5).
‘흑다향’은 도복에 강하고 다수성인 흑색 겉보리 품종으로 파성은 Ⅲ, 이삭밀도는 밀수형, 까락은 장망형이다. 출수기는 4월 28일로 조숙종인 ‘올보리’보다 3일, 성숙기는 6월 2일로 2일 정도 늦은 특성을 보였다. 간장은 76 cm로 ‘올보리’(82 cm) 대비 7 cm 작고, 수장은 5.1 cm로 ‘올보리’(4.1 cm)보다 길었다. ㎡ 당 수수는 534개로 ‘올보리’(693개)보다 적었다. 1수립수 57립(‘올보리’ 46립), 천립중(35.9 g, ‘올보리’ 34.6 g)은 무거웠다. 리터중(665 g)은 ‘올보리’(679 g)보다 가벼웠다. 토양 전염 바이러스병인 보리호위축병은 이병정도가 5로 ‘올보리’와 같은 특성을 보였으며, 한해는 ‘올보리’보다 약하였으나 도복은 강하였다. 품질특성 중 단백질과 베타글루칸은 11.3%, 4.7%으로 ‘올보리’와 비슷했으며, 아밀로스는 19.8%으로 ‘올보리’ 21.9% 보다 적었다. 총폴리페놀함량은 0.162%로 ‘올보리’ 0.132%보다 높았으며 항산화활성을 나타내는 DPPH 라디컬 소거능도 41.3%로 ‘올보리’(24.3%)보다 1.7배 높았다. 수량성은 전체지역 평균 418 kg/10 a로 ‘올보리’(396 kg/10 a)보다 6% 증수하였다. ‘흑다향’은 흰가루병과 내한성에 약하므로 흰가루병이 상습적으로 발생하는 지역과 1월 최저평균 -6℃ 이하 지역에서는 재배를 피해야 한다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 농업과학기술 연구개발사업(과제명: 보리 용도별 신품종 개발 및 품질 향상연구(3단계) 겉보리 신품종개발, 과제번호: PJ015004012022)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of barley variety, ‘Heukdahyang’.
kjbs-54-2-136-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Comparison of (A) plant morphology at maturity stage and (B) grain of ‘Heukdahyang’ (Left) and ‘Olbori’ (Right).
kjbs-54-2-136-f2.jpg
Table 1
Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Heukdahyang’
Table 1
Cultivar Vernalization Grain husk Leaf Culm Spike Awn length Color of husk
Color Width Color Diameter Type Density
Heukdahyang Covered Green Wide Light yellow Medium 6-rowed Compact Long Black
Olbori Covered Green Medium Light yellow Medium 6-rowed Compact Long Light yellow
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of cultivar ‘Heukdahyang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju) and Daegu regions from 2013 to 2015
Table 2
Cultivar Heading date
(Mon. Day)
Maturity date
(Mon. Day)
Culm length
(cm)
Spike length
(cm)
No. of spike
per m2
No. of grains
per spike
Test weight
(g)
1,000 grain weight
(g)
Heukdahyang Apr.28 June 2 76* 5.1* 534* 57* 665ns 35.9ns
Olbori Apr.25 May 31 83 4.1 693 46 679 34.6

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively. We examined agronomic characteristics in Iksan from 2013 to 2014 and in Jeonju in 2015.

Table 3
Winter hardiness, lodging resistance and BaYMV of cultivar ‘Heukdahyang’ tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju), Daegu, Naju and Jinju regions from 2013 to 2015
Table 3
Cultivar Winter withering ratez (%) Lodging tolerencey (0~9) Powdery mildewx BaYMV (0~9)w
Normal High ridge Infection type Naju
(Ⅰ)
Iksan
(Ⅲ)
Jinju
(Ⅳ)
Heukdahyang 33.3 53.6 1 Susceptible 0 5 0
Olbori 33.3 35.0 4 Susceptible 0 5 0

zData tested at Yeoncheon. yAverage of lodging tolerance (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). xDisease incidence induced natural infection at plastic house in Iksan from 2013 to 2014 and in Jeonju in 2015. wBaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus. Investigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible).

Table 4
Grain quality of ‘Heukdahyang’
Table 4
Cultivar Protein content
(%)
β-glucan content
(%)
Amylose content
(%)
Total polyphenol content
(%)
DPPH radical scavenging activity
(%)
Heukdahyang 11.3ns 4.7ns 19.8* 0.162* 41.3*
Olbori 11.8 4.7 21.9 0.132 24.3

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively. DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl.

Table 5
Yield potential of ‘Heukdahyang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju) and Daegu regions from 2013 to 2015
Table 5
Field Region Heukdahyang (kg/10 a) Olbori (kg/10 a) Index
(A÷B)×100
2013 2014 2015 Mean (A) 2013 2014 2015 Mean (B)
Upland Suwon 391 511 598 500 417 452 535 468 107
Chuncheon 577 555 346 493 480 536 327 448 110
Cheongwon 323 338 425 362 332 373 390 365 99
Mean 430 468 456 452 410 454 417 427 106
Paddy Iksan (Jeonju) 541 371 278 397 520 378 270 389 102
Daegu 369 285 355 336 333 291 313 312 108
Mean 455 328 317 367 427 335 292 351 105
Total mean 440 412 400 418* 416 406 369 396 106

*means significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test. We examined yield potetial in Iksan from 2013 to 2014 and in Jeonju in 2015.

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A Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Heukdahyang’, with High Polyphenol Content, High Yield, and Tolerance to Lodging Stress
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(2):136-142.   Published online June 1, 2022
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A Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Heukdahyang’, with High Polyphenol Content, High Yield, and Tolerance to Lodging Stress
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(2):136-142.   Published online June 1, 2022
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A Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Heukdahyang’, with High Polyphenol Content, High Yield, and Tolerance to Lodging Stress
Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of barley variety, ‘Heukdahyang’.
Fig. 2 Comparison of (A) plant morphology at maturity stage and (B) grain of ‘Heukdahyang’ (Left) and ‘Olbori’ (Right).
A Black Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Heukdahyang’, with High Polyphenol Content, High Yield, and Tolerance to Lodging Stress

Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Heukdahyang’

Cultivar Vernalization Grain husk Leaf Culm Spike Awn length Color of husk
Color Width Color Diameter Type Density
Heukdahyang Covered Green Wide Light yellow Medium 6-rowed Compact Long Black
Olbori Covered Green Medium Light yellow Medium 6-rowed Compact Long Light yellow

Agronomic characteristics of cultivar ‘Heukdahyang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju) and Daegu regions from 2013 to 2015

Cultivar Heading date
(Mon. Day)
Maturity date
(Mon. Day)
Culm length
(cm)
Spike length
(cm)
No. of spike
per m2
No. of grains
per spike
Test weight
(g)
1,000 grain weight
(g)
Heukdahyang Apr.28 June 2 76* 5.1* 534* 57* 665ns 35.9ns
Olbori Apr.25 May 31 83 4.1 693 46 679 34.6

Winter hardiness, lodging resistance and BaYMV of cultivar ‘Heukdahyang’ tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju), Daegu, Naju and Jinju regions from 2013 to 2015

Cultivar Winter withering ratez (%) Lodging tolerencey (0~9) Powdery mildewx BaYMV (0~9)w
Normal High ridge Infection type Naju
(Ⅰ)
Iksan
(Ⅲ)
Jinju
(Ⅳ)
Heukdahyang 33.3 53.6 1 Susceptible 0 5 0
Olbori 33.3 35.0 4 Susceptible 0 5 0

Grain quality of ‘Heukdahyang’

Cultivar Protein content
(%)
β-glucan content
(%)
Amylose content
(%)
Total polyphenol content
(%)
DPPH radical scavenging activity
(%)
Heukdahyang 11.3ns 4.7ns 19.8* 0.162* 41.3*
Olbori 11.8 4.7 21.9 0.132 24.3

Yield potential of ‘Heukdahyang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju) and Daegu regions from 2013 to 2015

Field Region Heukdahyang (kg/10 a) Olbori (kg/10 a) Index
(A÷B)×100
2013 2014 2015 Mean (A) 2013 2014 2015 Mean (B)
Upland Suwon 391 511 598 500 417 452 535 468 107
Chuncheon 577 555 346 493 480 536 327 448 110
Cheongwon 323 338 425 362 332 373 390 365 99
Mean 430 468 456 452 410 454 417 427 106
Paddy Iksan (Jeonju) 541 371 278 397 520 378 270 389 102
Daegu 369 285 355 336 333 291 313 312 108
Mean 455 328 317 367 427 335 292 351 105
Total mean 440 412 400 418* 416 406 369 396 106
Table 1 Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Heukdahyang’
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of cultivar ‘Heukdahyang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju) and Daegu regions from 2013 to 2015

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively. We examined agronomic characteristics in Iksan from 2013 to 2014 and in Jeonju in 2015.

Table 3 Winter hardiness, lodging resistance and BaYMV of cultivar ‘Heukdahyang’ tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju), Daegu, Naju and Jinju regions from 2013 to 2015

zData tested at Yeoncheon. yAverage of lodging tolerance (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). xDisease incidence induced natural infection at plastic house in Iksan from 2013 to 2014 and in Jeonju in 2015. wBaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus. Investigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible).

Table 4 Grain quality of ‘Heukdahyang’

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively. DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl.

Table 5 Yield potential of ‘Heukdahyang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Iksan (Jeonju) and Daegu regions from 2013 to 2015

*means significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test. We examined yield potetial in Iksan from 2013 to 2014 and in Jeonju in 2015.