1국립식량과학원 작물육종과
2국립식량과학원 재배생리과
3전북대학교 작물생명과학과
4농촌진흥청 대변인실
5농촌진흥청 국제기술협력과
6국립식량과학원 재배환경과
1Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
2Crop physiology and production, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
3Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
4Spokesperson Office, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
5Technology Cooperation Bureau, RDA, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
6Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea
Copyright © 2022 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
| Varietyz | Heading date (mm.dd) | Culm length (cm) | Panicle length (cm) | No. of panicles /hill | No. of spikelets /panicle | Ratio of ripened grain(%) | 1,000-grain weight of brown rice(g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baromi2 | 7.27** | 76ns | 23ns | 11** | 120** | 85.7* | 18.4** |
| Seolgaeng | 8.13 | 76 | 23 | 14 | 104 | 90.7 | 21.3 |
| Variety | Reaction to leaf blast at blast nursery tests z | Reaction to neck blast(%)y | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of tested sites (12)x | Jeonju | Milyang | Yesan | Jinju | |||||
| R (0~3) | M (4~6) | S (7~9) | Mean | ||||||
| Baromi2 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 5.9 | |
| Seolgaeng | 1 | 7 | 3 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.7 | |
| Variety | Bacterial blight | Viral diseases(%) | Resistance to insectsz | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K1 | K2 | K3 | K3a | Stripe | Dwarf | BPH | SBPH | |||
| Baromi2 | R | R | R | S | R(14.7) | S(72.5) | S | S | ||
| Seolgang | S | S | S | S | S(87.5) | S(87.5) | S | S | ||
| Culture season z | Variety | Heading date (m.dd) | BRY (kg/10a) | 15 days after heading | 30 days after heading | 55 days after heading | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAT (℃) | CTAH (℃) | DAT (℃) | CTAH (℃) | DAT (℃) | CTAH (℃) | Days over 25℃ in MT(days) | ||||||
| Ordinary Planting Culture | Baromi2 | 7.26 | 472 | 28.2 | 423 | 27.2 | 816 | 24.9 | 1,370 | 7 | ||
| Suweon542 | 7.27 | 465 | 28.1 | 422 | 27.1 | 814 | 24.8 | 1,365 | 7 | |||
| Jopyeong | 7.23 | 660 | 28.4 | 426 | 27.3 | 818 | 25.3 | 1,391 | 10 | |||
| Double Cropping | Baromi2 | 8.11 | 521 | 26.1 | 392 | 24.2 | 726 | 22.6 | 1,243 | 0 | ||
| Suweon542 | 8.13 | 466 | 25.7 | 386 | 23.8 | 715 | 22.3 | 1,224 | 0 | |||
| Jopyeong | 8.10 | 539 | 26.2 | 393 | 24.3 | 729 | 22.8 | 1,252 | 0 | |||
| Late Planting Culture | Baromi2 | 8.23 | 665 | 23.3 | 350 | 22.5 | 674 | 20.9 | 1,129 | 0 | ||
| Suweon542 | 8.29 | 589 | 21.8 | 326 | 21.7 | 650 | 20.3 | 973 | 0 | |||
| Jopyeong | 8.27 | 635 | 22.2 | 333 | 21.8 | 655 | 20.4 | 1,022 | 0 | |||
| Variety | Premature headingy (%) | Occurrence of wilting | Leaf senescence at maturing | Cold tolerance z | Viviparous germination w (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf discolorationx (1~9) | Heading delay (day) | Grain fertility (%) | Phenotypic acceptability (1~9) | |||||
| Baromi2 | 6.1ns | Tolerance | Normal | 1 | 24ns | 43** | 6 | 56.3* |
| Seolgaeng | 0.0 | Tolerance | Normal | 1 | 10 | 27 | 8 | 25.6 |
zCold tolerance was evaluated by using a cold-water (17℃) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS.
yAnnual premature heading data of ‘Baromi2’; (’17)0.0%, (’18)17.5, (’19)1.0
xEvaluation at maximum tillering stage (1: tolerance; 9: susceptible).
wGermination rate under water-saturated incubation (17℃) for 7 days on the panicle at 40 days after pollination.
Not significant(ns) in the t-test, while * and ** significant at *p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively.
| Variety z | Plant height (cm) | Length of 3rd internode (cm) | Breaking resistance y (g) | Fresh weight of upper portion (g) | Bending momentx (g.cm) | Lodging Indexw | Lodging in the field (0~9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baromi2 | 99ns | 13.6* | 1,074* | 14.8* | 1,458** | 136* | 1 |
| Seolgaeng | 99 | 7.8 | 1,299 | 15.7 | 1,545 | 119 | 1 |
zEvaluated under ordinary transplanting nursery conditions (2019), and the evaluation methods were based on Kim et al.(2000).
yBreaking resistance of the middle point of 3rd internode with leaf sheath.
xLength from the lower node of 3rd internode to the top of panicle × (fresh weight of upper portion + fresh weight of 3rd internode)
wBending moment / Breaking resistance×100
Not significant(ns) in the t-test, while * and ** significant at *p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively.
| Variety z | Brown rice | Trans-lucency (1~9) | Alkali digestive value (1~7) | Protein content (%) | Amylose content (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length (mm) | Width (mm) | L/W ratio | |||||
| Baromi2 | 4.94ns | 2.75* | 1.80ns | Floury | 5.1** | 7.2* | 16.5** |
| Seolgaeng | 4.96 | 2.79 | 1.78 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 18.4 | |
| Variety z | Milling recovery ratio (%) | Opaque rice grain ratio (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown/rough | Milled/brown | Milled/rough | ||
| Baromi2 | 82.3ns | 86.9ns | 71.6 | 82.2 |
| Seolgaeng | 83.1 | 87.1 | 71.5 | 87.2 |
| Variety z | Grain hardness(kg)n=50 | Rice flour properties | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean particle size (μm) | Damaged starch (%) | Ash (%) | Protein(%) | Amylose(%) | ||
| Baromi2 | 2.9cd | 81.8c | 5.6c | 0.59c | 6.6ns | 18.0ns |
| Suweon542 | 3.3c | 80.3c | 5.9c | 0.60c | 6.5ns | 18.9ns |
| Jopyeong | 8.6a | 103.1a | 9.7a | 0.81a | 6.3ns | 18.3ns |
| Shindongjin | 9.5a | 98.1a | 10.5a | 0.68b | 7.0ns | 19.1ns |
| Seolgaeng | 5.7b | 84.7bc | 7.0b | 0.64b | 6.4ns | 18.7ns |
| Hangaru | 6.3b | 89.4b | 7.4b | 0.64b | 7.0ns | 17.9ns |
| Culture Seasonz | Regiony | Trial sites | Heading date(m.dd) | Milled rice yield(kg/10a) | Index | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baromi2(A) | Seolgaeng(Geumo) (B) | Baromi2(A) | Seolgaeng(Geumo) (B) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | |||||||
| Ordinary Planting Culture | HNP | Jeonju | 7.26 | 7.28 | 7.29 | 7.27 | 8.16 | 8.17 | 8.12 | 8.15 | 458 | 347 | 408 | 404 | 630 | 500 | 507 | 546 | 73 | 69 | 80 | 74 | ||||
| Iksan | 7.27 | 7.24 | 7.28 | 7.26 | 8.16 | 8.12 | 8.12 | 8.13 | 372 | 435 | 462 | 423 | 500 | 505 | 521 | 509 | 74 | 86 | 89 | 83 | ||||||
| Naju | 7.28 | 7.26 | 7.31 | 7.28 | 8.12 | 8.10 | 8.13 | 8.11 | 458 | 405 | 466 | 443 | 589 | 469 | 554 | 537 | 78 | 86 | 84 | 82 | ||||||
| Mean | 7.27 | 7.26 | 7.29 | 7.27 | 8.14 | 8.13 | 8.12 | 8.13 | 429 | 396 | 445 | 423 | 573 | 491 | 527 | 531 | 75 | 81 | 84 | 80 | ||||||
| YNP | Milyang | 7.26 | 7.29 | 8.3 | 7.29 | 8.17 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 348 | 396 | 468 | 404 | 506 | 576 | 584 | 555 | 69 | 69 | 80 | 73 | |||||
| Grand Mean | 7.26 | 7.26 | 7.30 | 7.28** | 8.15 | 8.14 | 8.13 | 8.14 | 409 | 396 | 451 | 419 | 556 | 513 | 542 | 537 | 74 | 77 | 83 | 78 | ||||||
| Late Planting Culture | HNP | Jeonju | - | 8.21 | 8.27 | 8.24 | - | (8.21) | (8.27) | (8.24) | - | 473 | 491 | 482 | - | (477) | (489) | (483) | - | (99) | (100) | (100) | ||||
| YNP | Milyang | - | 8.27 | 8.30 | 8.28 | - | (8.26) | (8.28) | (8.27) | - | 484 | 447 | 466 | - | (479) | (487) | (483) | - | (101) | (92) | (96) | |||||
| MDP | Suwon | - | 8.19 | 8.22 | 8.20 | - | (8.18) | (8.20) | (8.19) | - | 531 | 425 | 478 | - | (514) | (452) | (483) | - | (103) | (94) | (99) | |||||
| Grand Mean | - | 8.22 | 8.26 | 8.24ns | - | (8.22) | (8.25) | (8.23) | - | 496 | 454 | 475 | - | (490) | (476) | (483) | - | (101) | (95) | (98) | ||||||
Comparison between ‘Baromi2’ and its check variety, ‘Seolgaeng’ on the major agronomic traits.
| Varietyz | Heading date (mm.dd) | Culm length (cm) | Panicle length (cm) | No. of panicles /hill | No. of spikelets /panicle | Ratio of ripened grain(%) | 1,000-grain weight of brown rice(g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baromi2 | 7.27** | 76ns | 23ns | 11** | 120** | 85.7* | 18.4** |
| Seolgaeng | 8.13 | 76 | 23 | 14 | 104 | 90.7 | 21.3 |
Resistance reactions to blast disease.
| Variety | Reaction to leaf blast at blast nursery tests z | Reaction to neck blast(%)y | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of tested sites (12)x | Jeonju | Milyang | Yesan | Jinju | |||||
| R (0~3) | M (4~6) | S (7~9) | Mean | ||||||
| Baromi2 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 5.9 | |
| Seolgaeng | 1 | 7 | 3 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.7 | |
Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases, and insect pests.
| Variety | Bacterial blight | Viral diseases(%) | Resistance to insectsz | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K1 | K2 | K3 | K3a | Stripe | Dwarf | BPH | SBPH | |||
| Baromi2 | R | R | R | S | R(14.7) | S(72.5) | S | S | ||
| Seolgang | S | S | S | S | S(87.5) | S(87.5) | S | S | ||
Basic vegetative phase(BVP) and premature heading of different rice varieties.
| Variety | DTH(days) | BVP(days) | Premature heading(%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Register | LAT(2017) | |||
| Baromi2 | 64 | 34 | - | 0 |
| Suweon542 | 65 | 35 | 6.0(2012) | - |
| Jopyeong | 57 | 27 | 37.0(2010) | 16.7 |
| Joun | 53 | 23 | 27.3(2009) | 19.0 |
| Geumo | 57 | 27 | 38.0(1988) | 16.7 |
| Hwawang | 65 | 35 | 0.3(2012) | - |
| Asemi | 66 | 36 | 11.1(2013) | - |
| Asemi1 | 64 | 34 | 2.2(2014) | |
| Samkwang | 55 | 25 | 0(2003) | - |
| Boramchan | 51 | 21 | 0(2009) | 0 |
| Sukwang | 49 | 19 | 0(2011) | 0 |
Changes in the average and cumulative temperate during the grain filling stage.
| Culture season z | Variety | Heading date (m.dd) | BRY (kg/10a) | 15 days after heading | 30 days after heading | 55 days after heading | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAT (℃) | CTAH (℃) | DAT (℃) | CTAH (℃) | DAT (℃) | CTAH (℃) | Days over 25℃ in MT(days) | ||||||
| Ordinary Planting Culture | Baromi2 | 7.26 | 472 | 28.2 | 423 | 27.2 | 816 | 24.9 | 1,370 | 7 | ||
| Suweon542 | 7.27 | 465 | 28.1 | 422 | 27.1 | 814 | 24.8 | 1,365 | 7 | |||
| Jopyeong | 7.23 | 660 | 28.4 | 426 | 27.3 | 818 | 25.3 | 1,391 | 10 | |||
| Double Cropping | Baromi2 | 8.11 | 521 | 26.1 | 392 | 24.2 | 726 | 22.6 | 1,243 | 0 | ||
| Suweon542 | 8.13 | 466 | 25.7 | 386 | 23.8 | 715 | 22.3 | 1,224 | 0 | |||
| Jopyeong | 8.10 | 539 | 26.2 | 393 | 24.3 | 729 | 22.8 | 1,252 | 0 | |||
| Late Planting Culture | Baromi2 | 8.23 | 665 | 23.3 | 350 | 22.5 | 674 | 20.9 | 1,129 | 0 | ||
| Suweon542 | 8.29 | 589 | 21.8 | 326 | 21.7 | 650 | 20.3 | 973 | 0 | |||
| Jopyeong | 8.27 | 635 | 22.2 | 333 | 21.8 | 655 | 20.4 | 1,022 | 0 | |||
Response to physiological and abiotic stresses.
| Variety | Premature headingy (%) | Occurrence of wilting | Leaf senescence at maturing | Cold tolerance z | Viviparous germination w (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf discolorationx (1~9) | Heading delay (day) | Grain fertility (%) | Phenotypic acceptability (1~9) | |||||
| Baromi2 | 6.1ns | Tolerance | Normal | 1 | 24ns | 43** | 6 | 56.3* |
| Seolgaeng | 0.0 | Tolerance | Normal | 1 | 10 | 27 | 8 | 25.6 |
Characteristics related to lodging resistance.
| Variety z | Plant height (cm) | Length of 3rd internode (cm) | Breaking resistance y (g) | Fresh weight of upper portion (g) | Bending momentx (g.cm) | Lodging Indexw | Lodging in the field (0~9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baromi2 | 99ns | 13.6* | 1,074* | 14.8* | 1,458** | 136* | 1 |
| Seolgaeng | 99 | 7.8 | 1,299 | 15.7 | 1,545 | 119 | 1 |
Characteristics related to grain shape and quality.
| Variety z | Brown rice | Trans-lucency (1~9) | Alkali digestive value (1~7) | Protein content (%) | Amylose content (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length (mm) | Width (mm) | L/W ratio | |||||
| Baromi2 | 4.94ns | 2.75* | 1.80ns | Floury | 5.1** | 7.2* | 16.5** |
| Seolgaeng | 4.96 | 2.79 | 1.78 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 18.4 | |
Characteristics related to milling quality.
| Variety z | Milling recovery ratio (%) | Opaque rice grain ratio (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown/rough | Milled/brown | Milled/rough | ||
| Baromi2 | 82.3ns | 86.9ns | 71.6 | 82.2 |
| Seolgaeng | 83.1 | 87.1 | 71.5 | 87.2 |
Grain hardness and physiochemical properties of rice flour of different varieties.
| Variety z | Grain hardness(kg)n=50 | Rice flour properties | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean particle size (μm) | Damaged starch (%) | Ash (%) | Protein(%) | Amylose(%) | ||
| Baromi2 | 2.9cd | 81.8c | 5.6c | 0.59c | 6.6ns | 18.0ns |
| Suweon542 | 3.3c | 80.3c | 5.9c | 0.60c | 6.5ns | 18.9ns |
| Jopyeong | 8.6a | 103.1a | 9.7a | 0.81a | 6.3ns | 18.3ns |
| Shindongjin | 9.5a | 98.1a | 10.5a | 0.68b | 7.0ns | 19.1ns |
| Seolgaeng | 5.7b | 84.7bc | 7.0b | 0.64b | 6.4ns | 18.7ns |
| Hangaru | 6.3b | 89.4b | 7.4b | 0.64b | 7.0ns | 17.9ns |
Summary of the yield potential evaluated during 3 (2017-2019) and 2 years (2018-2019) of local adaptability test.
| Culture Seasonz | Regiony | Trial sites | Heading date(m.dd) | Milled rice yield(kg/10a) | Index | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baromi2(A) | Seolgaeng(Geumo) (B) | Baromi2(A) | Seolgaeng(Geumo) (B) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | |||||||
| Ordinary Planting Culture | HNP | Jeonju | 7.26 | 7.28 | 7.29 | 7.27 | 8.16 | 8.17 | 8.12 | 8.15 | 458 | 347 | 408 | 404 | 630 | 500 | 507 | 546 | 73 | 69 | 80 | 74 | ||||
| Iksan | 7.27 | 7.24 | 7.28 | 7.26 | 8.16 | 8.12 | 8.12 | 8.13 | 372 | 435 | 462 | 423 | 500 | 505 | 521 | 509 | 74 | 86 | 89 | 83 | ||||||
| Naju | 7.28 | 7.26 | 7.31 | 7.28 | 8.12 | 8.10 | 8.13 | 8.11 | 458 | 405 | 466 | 443 | 589 | 469 | 554 | 537 | 78 | 86 | 84 | 82 | ||||||
| Mean | 7.27 | 7.26 | 7.29 | 7.27 | 8.14 | 8.13 | 8.12 | 8.13 | 429 | 396 | 445 | 423 | 573 | 491 | 527 | 531 | 75 | 81 | 84 | 80 | ||||||
| YNP | Milyang | 7.26 | 7.29 | 8.3 | 7.29 | 8.17 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 348 | 396 | 468 | 404 | 506 | 576 | 584 | 555 | 69 | 69 | 80 | 73 | |||||
| Grand Mean | 7.26 | 7.26 | 7.30 | 7.28** | 8.15 | 8.14 | 8.13 | 8.14 | 409 | 396 | 451 | 419 | 556 | 513 | 542 | 537 | 74 | 77 | 83 | 78 | ||||||
| Late Planting Culture | HNP | Jeonju | - | 8.21 | 8.27 | 8.24 | - | (8.21) | (8.27) | (8.24) | - | 473 | 491 | 482 | - | (477) | (489) | (483) | - | (99) | (100) | (100) | ||||
| YNP | Milyang | - | 8.27 | 8.30 | 8.28 | - | (8.26) | (8.28) | (8.27) | - | 484 | 447 | 466 | - | (479) | (487) | (483) | - | (101) | (92) | (96) | |||||
| MDP | Suwon | - | 8.19 | 8.22 | 8.20 | - | (8.18) | (8.20) | (8.19) | - | 531 | 425 | 478 | - | (514) | (452) | (483) | - | (103) | (94) | (99) | |||||
| Grand Mean | - | 8.22 | 8.26 | 8.24ns | - | (8.22) | (8.25) | (8.23) | - | 496 | 454 | 475 | - | (490) | (476) | (483) | - | (101) | (95) | (98) | ||||||
z The overall means of three years of local adaptability trials (2017~2019) were conducted at NICS, RDA, Jeonju.
Not significant (ns) in the t-test, while * and ** Significant at *p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively
zN fertilizer of blast nursery test = 240 kg/ha
yN fertilizer of neck blast = 220 kg/ha
xR: resistance, M: moderately resistance, S: susceptible.
z BPH(brown planthopper), SBPH(small brown planthopper).
R: resistance, S: susceptible.
BVP was calculated by subtracting 30 days from days from sowing to heading.
DTH: days from sowing to heading, BVP: basic vegetative phase, LAT: local adaptability test.
z Preliminary yield trials for ordinary, double cropping, and late planting culture was conducted in 2017 Jeonju.
BRY: brown rice yield DAT: Daily average temperature, CTAH: cumulative temperature after heading, MT: minimum temperature.
zCold tolerance was evaluated by using a cold-water (17℃) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS.
yAnnual premature heading data of ‘Baromi2’; (’17)0.0%, (’18)17.5, (’19)1.0
xEvaluation at maximum tillering stage (1: tolerance; 9: susceptible).
wGermination rate under water-saturated incubation (17℃) for 7 days on the panicle at 40 days after pollination.
Not significant(ns) in the t-test, while * and ** significant at *p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively.
zEvaluated under ordinary transplanting nursery conditions (2019), and the evaluation methods were based on Kim et al.(2000).
yBreaking resistance of the middle point of 3rd internode with leaf sheath.
xLength from the lower node of 3rd internode to the top of panicle × (fresh weight of upper portion + fresh weight of 3rd internode)
wBending moment / Breaking resistance×100
Not significant(ns) in the t-test, while * and ** significant at *p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively.
zLocal adaptability trials for ordinary culture were conducted for 3 years(2017~2019).
Not significant (ns) in the t-test, while * and ** Significant at *p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively.
zLocal adaptability trial was conducted in 2019.
Not significant (ns) in the t-test, while * and ** Significant at *p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively.
zThe experiment was conducted in 2018 at the National Institute of Crop Science, Jeonju, Korea.
Not significant (ns) in the t-test, while * and ** Significant at *p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively.
zLocal adaptability trials for ordinary and late planting cultures were conducted for 3(2017~2019) and 2(2018~2019) years, respectively.
yRegions are Honam plain(HNP), Yeongnam plain(YNP), and middle plain(MDP)